scholarly journals Changes in Biochemical, Strength, Flexibility, and Aerobic Capacity Parameters after a 1700 km Ultraendurance Cycling Race

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente Javier Clemente-Suarez
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Normal Renal Function ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Training Interventions ◽  
Leg Strength ◽  
Recovery Times

The purpose of the present research was to study the organic response after ultraendurance cycling race. Selected biochemical, leg strength, flexibility, and aerobic capacity parameters were analyzed in 6 subjects 5 days before and 5 days after completing a 1700 km ultraendurance cycling race. After the race, participants presented a significant decrease in Hb (167.8 ± 9.5 versus 141.6 ± 15.7 mg/dL), strength (29.4 ± 2.7 versus 25.5 ± 3.7 cm in a countermovement jump), and oxygen uptake and heart rate at ventilatory threshold (1957.0 ± 458.4 versus 1755.2 ± 281.5 mL/kg/min and 140.0 ± 9.7 versus 130.8 ± 8.3 bpm, resp.). Testosterone presented a decrease tendency (4.2 ± 2.5 versus 3.9 ± 2.6 ng/L) in opposition to the increase tendency of cortisol and ammonium parameters. Transferrin and iron levels presented high values related to an overstimulation of the liver, a normal renal function, a tendency to decrease flexibility, and an increase in aerobic capacity, finding a tendency to increase the absolute maximal oxygen uptake (37.2 ±2.4 versus 38.7 ± 1.8 mL/min) in contrast to previous studies conducted with subjects with similar age. These results can be used to program training interventions, recovery times between probes, and nutritional and/or ergonomic strategies in ultraendurance events.

Oxygen uptake kinetics in endurance-trained and untrained postmenopausal women

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shilpa Dogra ◽  
Matthew D. Spencer ◽  
Juan M. Murias ◽  
Donald H. Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Oxygen Uptake Kinetics ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise

The rate of adjustment for pulmonary oxygen uptake (τV̇O2p) is slower in untrained and in older adults. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has shed light on potential mechanisms underlying this in young men and women and in older men; however, there is no such data available in older women. The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms of slower τV̇O2p in older women who were either endurance-trained or untrained. Endurance-trained (n = 10; age, 62.6 ± 1.0 years) and untrained (n = 9; age, 69.1 ± 2.2 years) older women attended 2 maximal and 2 submaximal (90% of ventilatory threshold) exercise sessions. Oxygen uptake (V̇O2) was measured breath by breath, using a mass spectrometer, and changes in deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration of the vastus lateralis ([HHb]) were measured using NIRS. Heart rate was measured continuously with a 3-lead electrocardiogram. τV̇O2p was faster in trained (35.1 ± 5.5 s) than in untrained (57.0 ± 8.1 s) women. The normalized [HHb] to V̇O2 ratio, an indicator of muscle O2 delivery to O2 utilization, indicated a smaller overshoot in trained (1.09 ± 0.1) than in untrained (1.39 ± 0.1) women. Heart rate data indicated a faster adjustment of heart rate in trained (33.0 ± 13.0) than in untrained (68.7 ± 14.1) women. The pairing of V̇O2p data with NIRS-derived [HHb] data indicates that endurance-trained older women likely have better matching of O2 delivery to O2 utilization than older untrained women during moderate-intensity exercise, leading to a more rapid adjustment of V̇O2p.

Iodixanol in Cardioangiography

1994 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 614-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Tveit ◽  
K.-D. Bolz ◽  
B. Bolstad ◽  
T. Haugland ◽  
K. J. Berg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Contrast Medium ◽  
Normal Renal Function ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Diagnostic Information

Iodixanol (Visipaque) 320 mg I/ml, a non-ionic, dimeric, isotonic contrast medium, was compared to ioxaglate (Hexabrix) 320 mg I/ml in cardioangiography. One hundred and two patients with normal renal function were included in the study. The objectives were to evaluate safety, tolerability, radiographic efficacy and effects on renal function. Adverse events, discomfort, vital signs, clinical chemistry parameters, diagnostic information and radiographic density were recorded. Both contrast media had minor effects on the renal function parameters monitored. The patients who received iodixanol experienced fewer adverse events, significantly less discomfort and had a lower increase in heart rate than did the patients in the ioxaglate group. The radiographic efficacy was good in both groups. Iodixanol 320 mg I/ml is safe and effective for use in cardioangiography.

scholarly journals Differences in Mechanical Midsole Characteristics of Running Shoes Do Not Influence Physiological Variables in Aerobic and Anaerobic Running

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Christian Mitschke ◽  
Katrin Karger ◽  
Thomas L. Milani
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Running Shoes ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of footwear stiffness and energy loss on oxygen uptake and heart rate in athletes running under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Four footwear conditions with identical outsoles, insoles, upper materials, but different mechanical properties regarding polyurethane midsole materials were investigated. Respective midsole material characteristics were selected to represent a wide range of running shoes. The test procedure for eighteen well‐trained male runners was divided into three treadmill testing sessions: an incremental ramp protocol to estimate the individual ventilatory threshold (day 1), a test with 6‐minute stages in each shoe at 70% (aerobic, day 2) and 102% (anaerobic, day 3) of the participant’s ventilatory threshold. For oxygen uptake and the heart rate, no significant differences between footwear conditions were found for either running condition. Furthermore, no significant relationships between physiological variables and mechanical midsole characteristics were found. The wide range of significant stiffness differences in the rearfoot (52.7 N/mm) and forefoot areas (50.7 N/mm), as well as significant differences of the shoe midsole material energy loss in the rearfoot (18.8%) and forefoot areas (10.7%) were too low to influence physiological variables significantly when running below and slightly above the ventilatory threshold. It seems that shoe mass and shoe comfort can influence physiological variables more than the mechanical midsole characteristics of stiffness and energy loss. These results may have practical implications for shoe manufacturers, coaches, and athletes, alike.

scholarly journals Fitting a Single-Phase Model to the Post-Exercise Changes in Heart Rate and Oxygen Uptake

2010 ◽  
pp. 357-362
Author(s):  
R Stupnicki ◽  
T Gabryś ◽  
U Szmatlan-Gabryś ◽  
P Tomaszewski
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Exercise Duration ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Exercise Heart Rate ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Logit Transformation ◽  
Recovery Times ◽  
Rate Of Recovery

The kinetics of post-exercise heart rate (HR) and oxygen consumption (EPOC) was studied in 10 elite cyclists subjected to four laboratory cycle ergometer maximal exercises lasting 30, 90, 180 or 360 s. Heart rate and oxygen uptake (VO2) were recorded over a period of 6 min after the exercise. By applying the logit transformation to the recorded variables and relating them to the decimal logarithm of the recovery time, uniform single-phase courses of changes were shown for both variables in all subjects and exercises. This enabled computing half-recovery times (t½) for both variables. Half-time for VO2 negatively correlated with square root of exercise duration (within-subject r=–0.629, p<0.001), the total post-exercise oxygen uptake till t½ was thus constant irrespectively of exercise intensity. The method is simple and enables reliable comparisons of various modes of exercise with respect to the rate of recovery.

scholarly journals Heart Rate and Oxygen Uptake Recovery and the Level of Aerobic Capacity in Mountain Bikers

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 242-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamil Michalik ◽  
Marek Zatoń ◽  
Paulina Hebisz ◽  
Rafał Hebisz
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Efficiency Index ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
Recovery Efficiency ◽  
Mountain Bike ◽  
National Team

Abstract Introduction. Since mountain biking involves exercise of varying intensity, competitive performance may be affected by the rate of recovery. The aim of the current study was to determine whether maximal oxygen uptake is associated with the rate of heart rate and oxygen uptake recovery in mountain bike athletes. Material and methods. The study examined 29 mountain bikers, including members of the Polish National Team. These athletes specialised in cross-country Olympic (XCO) racing. After undergoing a graded stress test on a cycle ergometer, the subjects were divided into two groups: G1, consisting of athletes with higher aerobic capacity (n = 12; VO2max > 60 ml∙kg−1∙min−1), and G2, comprising athletes with lower aerobic capacity (n = 17; VO2max < 55 mL∙kg−1∙min−1). Heart rate and oxygen uptake recovery was measured after the graded stress test in a sitting position. Results. HRmax values did not differ significantly between the two groups. HR1’, HR2’, and HR4’ values recorded for G1 were statistically significantly lower compared to those achieved by G2. %HR1’, %HR2’, %HR4’, and %HR5’ values were also significantly lower in G1 than in G2. No significant differences were found in oxygen uptake during recovery (VO2-1’, 2’, 3’, 4’, 5’) between the two groups. Significantly lower %VO2max-1’, %VO2max-2’, and %VO2max-5’ values were observed in G1 compared to those in G2. No significant correlations were found between VO2max per kilogram of body mass and the recovery efficiency index in either group. There was, however, a statistically significant correlation between VO2max and the recovery efficiency index (R = 0.52) in the entire group of athletes (n = 29). Conclusion. The study showed that the work capacity of mountain bike athletes was associated with the rate of heart rate and oxygen uptake recovery.

HEART RATE IS ASSOCIATED WITH RENAL PARAMETERS IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES AND NORMAL RENAL FUNCTION

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. e190-e191
Author(s):  
T. Bulum ◽  
I. Prkacin ◽  
V. Roso ◽  
L. Duvnjak
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Normal Renal Function

scholarly journals Gymnasium-based unsupervised exercise maintains benefits in oxygen uptake kinetics obtained following supervised training in type 2 diabetes

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar MacAnaney ◽  
Donal O’Shea ◽  
Stuart A. Warmington ◽  
Simon Green ◽  
Mikel Egaña
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Oxygen Uptake Kinetics ◽  
Uptake Kinetics ◽  
Supervised Exercise ◽  
Rate Kinetics

Supervised exercise (SE) in patients with type 2 diabetes improves oxygen uptake kinetics at the onset of exercise. Maintenance of these improvements, however, has not been examined when supervision is removed. We explored if potential improvements in oxygen uptake kinetics following a 12-week SE that combined aerobic and resistance training were maintained after a subsequent 12-week unsupervised exercise (UE). The involvement of cardiac output (CO) in these improvements was also tested. Nineteen volunteers with type 2 diabetes were recruited. Oxygen uptake kinetics and CO (inert gas rebreathing) responses to constant-load cycling at 50% ventilatory threshold (VT), 80% VT, and mid-point between VT and peak workload (50% Δ) were examined at baseline (on 2 occasions) and following each 12-week training period. Participants decided to exercise at a local gymnasium during the UE. Thirteen subjects completed all the interventions. The time constant of phase 2 of oxygen uptake was significantly faster (p < 0.05) post-SE and post-UE compared with baseline at 50% VT (17.3 ± 10.7 s and 17.5 ± 5.9 s vs. 29.9 ± 10.7 s), 80% VT (18.9 ± 4.7 and 20.9 ± 8.4 vs. 34.3 ± 12.7s), and 50% Δ (20.4 ± 8.2 s and 20.2 ± 6.0 s vs. 27.6 ± 3.7 s). SE also induced faster heart rate kinetics at all 3 intensities and a larger increase in CO at 30 s in relation to 240 s at 80% VT; and these responses were maintained post-UE. Unsupervised exercise maintained benefits in oxygen uptake kinetics obtained during a supervised exercise in subjects with diabetes, and these benefits were associated with a faster dynamic response of heart rate after training.

scholarly journals Heart Rate Variability-Guided Training for Enhancing Cardiac-Vagal Modulation, Aerobic Fitness, and Endurance Performance: A Methodological Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10299
Author(s):  
Agustín Manresa-Rocamora ◽  
José Manuel Sarabia ◽  
Alejandro Javaloyes ◽  
Andrew A. Flatt ◽  
Manuel Moya-Ramón
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Vagal Modulation

Purpose: This systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted to establish whether heart rate variability (HRV)-guided training enhances cardiac-vagal modulation, aerobic fitness, or endurance performance to a greater extent than predefined training while accounting for methodological factors. Methods: We searched Web of Science Core Collection, Pubmed, and Embase databases up to October 2020. A random-effects model of standardized mean difference (SMD) was estimated for each outcome measure. Chi-square and the I2 index were used to evaluate the degree of homogeneity. Results: Accounting for methodological factors, HRV-guided training was superior for enhancing vagal-related HRV indices (SMD+ = 0.50 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.09, 0.91)), but not resting HR (SMD+ = 0.04 (95% CI = −0.34, 0.43)). Consistently small but non-significant (p > 0.05) SMDs in favor of HRV-guided training were observed for enhancing maximal aerobic capacity (SMD+ = 0.20 (95% CI = −0.07, 0.47)), aerobic capacity at second ventilatory threshold (SMD+ = 0.26 (95% CI = −0.05, 0.57)), and endurance performance (SMD+ = 0.20 (95% CI = −0.09, 0.48)), versus predefined training. No heterogeneity was found for any of the analyzed aerobic fitness and endurance performance outcomes. Conclusion: Best methodological practices pertaining to HRV index selection, recording position, and approaches for establishing baseline reference values and daily changes (i.e., fixed or rolling HRV averages) require further study. HRV-guided training may be more effective than predefined training for maintaining and improving vagal-mediated HRV, with less likelihood of negative responses. However, if HRV-guided training is superior to predefined training for producing group-level improvements in fitness and performance, current data suggest it is only by a small margin.

scholarly journals Low-Osmolality Carbohydrate–Electrolyte Solution Ingestion Avoid Fluid Loss and Oxidative Stress after Exhaustive Endurance Exercise

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 336
Author(s):  
Wen-Ching Huang ◽  
Yu-Tang Tung ◽  
Mai-Szu Wu ◽  
Ming-Che Liu ◽  
Tsai-Jung Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Electrolyte Solution ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Low-osmolality carbohydrate–electrolyte solution (LCS) ingestion can replace losses from exercise-induced dehydration, but the benefits of LCS ingestion strategy after exhaustive endurance exercise (EEE) remain unknown. The present study evaluated the effects of LCS ingestion on dehydration, oxidative stress, renal function, and aerobic capacity after EEE. In our study with its double-blind, crossover, counterbalanced design, 12 healthy male participants were asked to consume LCS (150 mL four times per hour) or placebo (water) 1 h before and 1 h after EEE. All participants completed a graded exercise test to exhaustion on a treadmill for the determination of maximal oxygen consumption ( V ˙ O 2 max ), applied to further intensity calibration, and then completed the EEE test. The average heart rate, maximal heart rate, running time to exhaustion, and peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) were recorded during the exercise period. The participants’ body weight was recorded at different time points before and after the EEE to calculate the dehydration rate. Blood samples were drawn at baseline and before, immediately after, 1 h after, and 2 h after EEE to determine indicators of oxidative stress and renal function. The results indicated that the dehydration rates in participants with LCS ingestion at 15 min, 30 min, and 45 min after EEE were significantly lower than in participants with placebo ingestion (−1.86 ± 0.47% vs. −2.24 ± 0.72%; −1.78 ± 0.50% vs. −2.13 ± 0.74%; −1.54 ± 0.51% vs. −1.94 ± 0.72%, respectively; p < 0.05). In addition, the concentration of catalase in participants with LCS ingestion immediately after EEE was significantly higher than in participants with placebo ingestion (2046.21 ± 381.98 nmol/min/mL vs. 1820.37 ± 417.35 nmol/min/mL; p < 0.05). Moreover, the concentration of protein carbonyl in participants with LCS ingestion immediately after EEE was slightly lower than in participants with placebo ingestion (2.72 ± 0.31 nmol carbonyl/mg protein vs. 2.89 ± 0.43 nmol carbonyl/mg protein; p = 0.06). No differences were noted for other variables. Our findings conclude that LCS ingestion can effectively avoid fluid loss and oxidative stress after EEE. However, LCS ingestion had no benefits for renal function or aerobic capacity.

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