scholarly journals Chitosan Oligosaccharides Attenuate Ocular Inflammation in Rats with Experimental Autoimmune Anterior Uveitis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
I-Mo Fang ◽  
Chang-Hao Yang ◽  
Chung-May Yang
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Anterior Uveitis ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Chitosan Oligosaccharides ◽  
Clinical Scores ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune Anterior Uveitis ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune

We investigated the protective effects and mechanisms of chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) on experimental autoimmune anterior uveitis (EAAU) in rats. EAAU was induced in Lewis rats by footpad and intraperitoneal injections of melanin-associated antigen. The rats received intraperitoneal injections of low-dose (5 mg/kg) or high-dose (10 mg/kg) COS or PBS daily after the immunization. The effects of COS were evaluated by determining the clinical scores and the morphology of the iris/ciliary body (ICB). The expression of inflammatory mediators was evaluated using western blot, immunofluorescence, and ELISA. Treatment with COS significantly attenuated the clinical scores and the leukocyte infiltration in the ICB in a dose-dependent manner. COS effectively reduced the expression of inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, iNOS, MCP-1, RANTES, fractalkine, and ICAM-1). Moreover, COS decreased the IκB degradation and p65 presence in the ICB, which resulted in the inhibition of NF-κB/DNA binding activity. In an in vitro study, sensitized spleen-derived lymphocytes of the COS-treated group showed less chemotaxis toward their aqueous humor and decreased secretion of the above inflammatory mediators in the culture media. COS treated EAAU by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and reducing the expression of inflammatory mediators. COS might be a potential treatment for acute anterior uveitis.

scholarly journals MicroRNA-146a Alleviates Experimental Autoimmune Anterior Uveitis in the Eyes of Lewis Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yung-Ray Hsu ◽  
Shu-Wen Chang ◽  
Yu-Cheng Lin ◽  
Chang-Hao Yang
Keyword(s):  
Dna Binding ◽  
Western Blotting ◽  
Anterior Uveitis ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Lewis Rats ◽  
Dna Binding Activity ◽  
Clinical Scores ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune Anterior Uveitis ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune

Purpose. This study aimed to determine the effect and roles of microRNA (miRNA, miR) treatment in experimental autoimmune anterior uveitis (EAAU). Materials and Methods. Uveitis was induced in Lewis rats by simultaneous injections of bovine melanin-associated antigen into the hind footpad and the intraperitoneal cavity. The animals were injected intravitreally with low-dose (0.5 μg) or high-dose (1.5 μg) miR-146a. The clinical scores, leukocyte count in the aqueous humor, and histology were assessed. Cytokine changes were evaluated by relative mRNA expression and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) was assessed by immunofluorescence and Western blotting. Evaluation of the DNA-binding activity of NF-κB was performed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Results. Treatment with miR-146a significantly attenuated clinical scores and leukocyte infiltration in a dose-dependent manner, a result that was compatible with histological findings. Following miR-146a injections, downregulation of interleukin- (IL-) 1β, IL-6, and IL-12 and interferon- (IFN-) γ and upregulation of IL-10 and IL-17 were noted. The decreased NF-κB expression on immunofluorescence and Western blotting and reduced DNA-binding activity on EMSA were demonstrated following miR-146a treatment. Conclusions. miR-146a effectively reduced intraocular inflammation in EAAU through the inhibition of NF-κB. miR-146a might be a new treatment choice for uveitis.

scholarly journals Epimedium Polysaccharide Ameliorates Benzene-Induced Aplastic Anemia in Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Jin He ◽  
Ru Han ◽  
Gongchang Yu ◽  
Martin F. Lavin ◽  
Qiang Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Aplastic Anemia ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood Cell ◽  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Protective Effects

Benzene (BZ) is an important occupational and environmental pollutant. Exposure to BZ may cause aplastic anemia which is characterized as bone marrow hematopoietic failure. In order to reduce the harmful effects of this pollutant, it is necessary to identify additional preventative measures. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of epimedium polysaccharide (EPS), a natural compound with antioxidant and immune-enhancing potency, on aplastic anemia induced by benzene exposure in mice. Male CD-1 mice were randomly divided into five groups including control, BZ (880 mg/kg), LE (EPS low-dose, 20 mg/kg + BZ), ME (EPS middle-dose, 100 mg/kg + BZ), and HE (EPS high-dose, 200 mg/kg + BZ) groups. Animals were exposed to BZ by subcutaneous injection in the presence or absence of EPS via oral administration. All mice were treated 3 times a week for 8 consecutive weeks to develop a mouse model of benzene-induced aplastic anemia (BIAA). Results showed that BZ induced a significant decrease in both white and red blood cells, platelet counts, and hemoglobin level compared with that in the control group (p<0.01). Treatment of EPS led to a protective effect against these changes particularly in the highest-dose group (HE, p<0.01). EPS also recovered the decreased number of nucleated cells in peripheral blood cell smears and femur biopsies by BZ exposure. The increased level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) in mice from the BZ group was significantly lower (p<0.01) in the mice from the highest concentration of EPS (HE) group when compared with that from the control group. In addition, BZ exposure led to a significant increase in the apoptosis rate in BMMNCs which was prevented by EPS in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.01). The antiapoptosis effect of EPS was through reversing apoptotic proteins such as BAX, Caspase-9 and Caspase-3, and Bcl-2. Finally, EPS treatment partially restored the levels of T cells and the different subtypes except CD80+ and CD86+ compared with the BZ group (HE, p<0.05). These results suggest that EPS has protective effects against BIAA via antioxidative stress, immune modulation, and antiapoptosis mechanisms.

Immunohistochemical studies on melanin associated antigen (MAA) induced experimental autoimmune anterior uveitis (EAAU)

1995 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 703-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike C. Kim ◽  
Nisreen H. Kabeer ◽  
Michael T. Tandhasetti ◽  
Henry J. Kaplan ◽  
Nalini S. Bora
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Uveitis ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune Anterior Uveitis ◽  
Immunohistochemical Studies ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune

Expressions of lymphotactin and its receptor, XCR, in Lewis rats with experimental autoimmune anterior uveitis

2010 ◽  
Vol 248 (12) ◽  
pp. 1737-1747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Po-Ting Yeh ◽  
Feng-An Lin ◽  
Chang-Pin Lin ◽  
Chung-May Yang ◽  
Muh-Shy Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Uveitis ◽  
Lewis Rats ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune Anterior Uveitis ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune

Crucial Role of Apoptosis in the Resolution of Experimental Autoimmune Anterior Uveitis

2007 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 5091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Purushottam Jha ◽  
Bharati Matta ◽  
Valeriy Lyzogubov ◽  
Ruslana Tytarenko ◽  
Puran S. Bora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Uveitis ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune Anterior Uveitis ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune

scholarly journals Curcumin Ameliorates Benzo[a]pyrene-Induced DNA Damages in Stomach Tissues of Sprague-Dawley Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 5533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyeong Seok Kim ◽  
Na Yoon Kim ◽  
Ji Yeon Son ◽  
Jae Hyeon Park ◽  
Su Hyun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Dose ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Dna Damages ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Cooking Process ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Cyp1a1 Expression ◽  
Dose Dependent

Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a well-known carcinogen formed during the cooking process. Although BaP exposure has been implicated as one of the risk factors for lung cancer in animals and humans, there are only limited data on BaP-induced gastrointestinal cancer. Therefore, this study investigated the protective effects of curcumin on BaP-induced DNA damage in rat stomach tissues. BaP (20 mg/kg/day) and curcumin (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg) were administered daily to Sprague-Dawley rats by oral gavage over 30 days. Curcumin was pre-administered before BaP exposure. All rats were euthanized, and liver, kidney, and stomach tissues were removed at 24 h after the last treatment. We observed that aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and glucose levels were significantly reduced in rats treated with high dose co-administration of curcumin (200 mg/kg) compared to BaP alone. The expression levels of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 and CYP1B1 were significantly increased in the liver of rats treated with BaP. However, co-administration of curcumin (200 mg/kg) with BaP markedly reduced CYP1A1 expression in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, plasma levels of BaP-diolepoxide (BPDE) and BaP metabolites were significantly reduced by co-administration of curcumin (200 mg/kg). Additionally, co-administration of curcumin (200 mg/kg) with BaP significantly reduced the formation of BPDE-I-DNA and 8-hydroxydeoxy guanosine (8-OHdG) adducts in the liver, kidney, and stomach tissues. The inhibition of these adduct formations were more prominent in the stomach tissues than in the liver. Overall, our observations suggest that curcumin might inhibit BaP-induced gastrointestinal tumorigenesis and shows promise as a chemopreventive agent.

scholarly journals Protective Effects of D-Penicillamine on Catecholamine-Induced Myocardial Injury

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Říha ◽  
Pavlína Hašková ◽  
Jan Martin ◽  
Tomáš Filipský ◽  
Kateřina Váňová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Reduction ◽  
Myocardial Injury ◽  
Troponin T ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Copper Release

Iron and copper release participates in the myocardial injury under ischemic conditions and hence protection might be achieved by iron chelators. Data on copper chelation are, however, sparse. The effect of the clinically used copper chelator D-penicillamine in the catecholamine model of acute myocardial injury was tested in cardiomyoblast cell line H9c2 and in Wistar Han rats. D-Penicillamine had a protective effect against catecholamine-induced injury bothin vitroandin vivo. It protected H9c2 cells against the catecholamine-induced viability loss in a dose-dependent manner. In animals, both intravenous D-penicillamine doses of 11 (low) and 44 mg/kg (high) decreased the mortality caused by s.c. isoprenaline (100 mg/kg) from 36% to 14% and 22%, respectively. However, whereas the low D-penicillamine dose decreased the release of cardiac troponin T (specific marker of myocardial injury), the high dose resulted in an increase. Interestingly, the high dose led to a marked elevation in plasma vitamin C. This might be related to potentiation of oxidative stress, as suggested by additionalin vitroexperiments with D-penicillamine (iron reduction and the Fenton reaction). In conclusion, D-penicillamine has protective potential against catecholamine-induced cardiotoxicity; however the optimal dose selection seems to be crucial for further application.

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