scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of MBA-OLSR Routing Protocol for MANETs

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waheb A. Jabbar ◽  
Mahamod Ismail ◽  
Rosdiadee Nordin
Keyword(s):  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Network Failure ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
Initial Cost ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Battery Energy

This paper proposes a multipath battery aware routing protocol, namely, MBA-OLSR, based on OLSRv2 and its multipath extension. The proposed approach considers the remaining battery energy of the nodes for calculating the initial cost of the multiple links between source-destination pairs. The MBA-OLSR aims to construct energy efficient routes and extend the network lifetime to avoid network failure due to battery exhaustion. The protocol performance is evaluated in different simulation scenarios of wireless mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) environment. The simulation results demonstrate that our approach can achieve longer network lifetime and lower energy cost per packet. In addition, the results show improvement in terms of packet delivery ratio and end-to-end delay.

scholarly journals Energy Aware Routing Protocol for Energy Constrained Mobile Ad-hoc Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 2979
Author(s):  
Nadeem Iqbal ◽  
Mohammad Shafie Bin Abd Latiff ◽  
Shafi’i Muhammad Abdulhamid
Keyword(s):  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Energy Aware ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
End To End ◽  
Energy Aware Routing

Dynamic topology change and decentralized makes routing a challenging task in mobile ad hoc network. Energy efficient routing is the most challenging task in MANET due to limited energy of mobile nodes. Limited power of batteries typically use in MANET, and this is not easy to change or replace while running communication. Network disorder can occur for many factors but in middle of these factors deficiency of energy is the most significant one for causing broken links and early partition of the network. Evenly distribution of power between nodes could enhance the lifetime of the network, which leads to improving overall network transmission and minimizes the connection request. To discourse this issue, we propose an Energy Aware Routing Protocol (EARP) which considers node energy in route searching process and chooses nodes with higher energy levels. The EARP aim is to establish the shortest route from source to destination that contains energy efficient nodes. The performance of EARP is evaluated in terms of packet delivery ratio, network lifetime, end-to-end delay and throughput. Results of simulation done by using NS2 network simulator shows that EARP can achieve both high throughput and delivery ratio, whereas increase network lifetime and decreases end-to-end delay.

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTATION AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS EVALUATION OF A NEW MANET ROUTING PROTOCOL IN NS-2

2013 ◽  
pp. 241-244
Author(s):  
MONALI SAHOO ◽  
ASHISH CHAURASIA
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Discrete Event ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Manet Routing ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) can be defined as a collection of large number of mobile nodes that form temporary network without aid of any existing network infrastructure or central access point. The Efficient routing protocols can provide significant benefits to mobile ad hoc networks, in terms of both performance and reliability. Many routing protocols for such networks have been proposed so far. The main method for evaluating the performance of MANETs is simulation. The Network Simulator is a discrete event driven simulator. The goal of ns-2 is to support networking ,research, and education. In this paper we create a new Routing Protocol called My Router step by step in Ns-2.Then we evaluate its performance based on several parameters such as Packet Delivery Ratio , End to End Delay etc and compare it with MANET routing protocol OLSR .

scholarly journals An improved performance routing protocol based on delay for MANETs in smart cities

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 418
Author(s):  
Vu Khanh Quy ◽  
Pham Minh Chuan ◽  
Le Anh Ngoc
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Throughput And Delay

Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) is a set of mobile devices that can self-configuration, self-established parameters to transmission in-network. Although limited inability, MANETs have been applied in many domains to serve humanity in recent years, such as disaster recovery, forest fire, military, intelligent traffic, or IoT ecosystems. Because of the movement of network devices, the system performance is low. In order to MANETs could more contribution in the future of the Internet, the routing is a significant problem to enhance the performance of MANETs. In this work, we proposed a new delay-based protocol aim enhance the system performance, called performance routing protocol based on delay (PRPD). In order to analyze the efficiency of the proposed solution, we compared the proposed protocol with traditional protocols. Experiment results showed that the PRPD protocol improved packet delivery ratio, throughput, and delay compared to the traditional protocols.

scholarly journals FAPRP: A Machine Learning Approach to Flooding Attacks Prevention Routing Protocol in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngoc T. Luong ◽  
Tu T. Vo ◽  
Doan Hoang
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Flooding Attack ◽  
Flooding Attacks ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks

Request route flooding attack is one of the main challenges in the security of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) as it is easy to initiate and difficult to prevent. A malicious node can launch an attack simply by sending an excessively high number of route request (RREQ) packets or useless data packets to nonexistent destinations. As a result, the network is rendered useless as all its resources are used up to serve this storm of RREQ packets and hence unable to perform its normal routing duty. Most existing research efforts on detecting such a flooding attack use the number of RREQs originated by a node per unit time as the threshold to classify an attacker. These algorithms work to some extent; however, they suffer high misdetection rate and reduce network performance. This paper proposes a new flooding attacks detection algorithm (FADA) for MANETs based on a machine learning approach. The algorithm relies on the route discovery history information of each node to capture similar characteristics and behaviors of nodes belonging to the same class to decide if a node is malicious. The paper also proposes a new flooding attacks prevention routing protocol (FAPRP) by extending the original AODV protocol and integrating FADA algorithm. The performance of the proposed solution is evaluated in terms of successful attack detection ratio, packet delivery ratio, and routing load both in normal and under RREQ attack scenarios using NS2 simulation. The simulation results show that the proposed FAPRP can detect over 99% of RREQ flooding attacks for all scenarios using route discovery frequency vector of sizes larger than 35 and performs better in terms of packet delivery ratio and routing load compared to existing solutions for RREQ flooding attacks.

scholarly journals ASDSR: An Adaptive Stable DSR Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad-hoc Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (08) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Hutaf Salah Al-Deen Natoureah ◽  
Huda Abd El-Raheem Karajeh ◽  
Alaa' Abd El-Aziz Abu Serhan
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Specific Group ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Network Flooding

<p class="Abstract">Abstract—The process of finding a route between the transmitter and the receiver node in the Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANets) is a renewed issue that is becoming more and more interesting to the researchers as this type of networks  grow and expand. The dynamic nature of MANET and the limited capabilities of wireless nodes in terms of memory size and battery charge are the most important obstacles to the routing (path-finding) process between nodes. In this research, we introduced a new protocol based on the well-known DSR protocol to add a mechanism that controls the RREQ Flooding process, which aims to reach more stable (life-long) routes while reducing the overhead of routing process caused by link breakage between nodes and reduce the overhead of network flooding with RREQ messages with each attempt to find a path. In this proposed mechanism, a specific group is selected from within the devices adjacent to the transmitter to be sent RREQ so that these devices are selected based on the stability evaluation criterion. The stability criterion is calculated based on three weighted factors: the speed of the node, the out-degree value (the number of adjacent nodes), and the number of tracks stored in the device memory. The proportion of devices selected is automatically changed adaptively to ensure that the expected throughput of this network is achieved. The proposed protocol was tested using simulation where results showed that ASDSR proved an enhancement in route stability about (0.13), and a decrease in the number of deleted routes by (9%), while maintaining the expected packet delivery ratio of the original DSR by about (0.86).</p>

scholarly journals Performance Comparison of IACO,AODV Networking Routing Protocols

2011 ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
Miss Shweta Mod ◽  
Mr. Jitendra Prithvira
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
Distance Vector ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks

There are several standard protocols for Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET) that have been developed for devices with higher computing features. The Efficient routing protocols can provide significant benefits to mobile ad hoc networks, in terms of both performance and reliability. Many routing protocols for such networks have been proposed so far. Amongst the most popular ones are Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV), Improved Ant Colony Optimization (IACO). In this paper we present our observations regarding the performance comparison of the above protocols in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). We perform extensive simulations, using NS-2 simulator. The Average end-to-end delay and the Packet Delivery Ratio have been considered as the two performance parameters

scholarly journals Analyzing the impact of the number of nodes on the performance of the routing protocols in manet environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 434-440
Author(s):  
Hussein M. Haglan ◽  
Salama A. Mostafa ◽  
Noor Zuraidin Mohd Safar ◽  
Aida Mustapha ◽  
Mohd. Zainuri Saringatb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Communication Structures ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
The Impact

Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) are independent systems that can work without the requirement for unified controls, pre-setup to the paths/routes or advance communication structures. The nodes/hubs of a MANET are independently controlled, which permit them to behave unreservedly in a randomized way inside the MANET. The hubs can leave their MANET and join different MANETs whenever the need arises. These attributes, in any case, may contrarily influence the performance of the routing conventions (or protocols) and the general topology of the systems. Along these lines, MANETs include uniquely planned routing conventions that responsively as well as proactively carry out the routing. This paper assesses and looks at the effectiveness (or performance) of five directing conventions which are AOMDV, DSDV, AODV, DSR and OLSR in a MANET domain. The research incorporates executing a simulating environment to look at the operation of the routing conventions dependent on the variable number of hubs. Three evaluation indices are utilized: Throughput (TH), Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), and End-to-End delay (E2E). The assessment outcomes indicate that the AODV beats other conventions in the majority of the simulated scenarios.

scholarly journals Packet Delivery Ratio and Overhead Reduction for À-GPS Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 743-747
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Significant Issue ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks

Now a day’s mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is engaged by numerous scientists and endeavoring to be conveyed by and by. To accomplish this objective, these two components are a significant issue that we need to consider. The first is "overhead". As it were, messages that is not important to be sent when setting up a system association between versatile hubs. The following issue is the parcel sending rate from source to the goal hub that sufficiently high to ensure a successful system association. This paper is concentrating on improving the exhibition of the Location-Aided Routing Protocol (LAR) regarding overhead decrease by adjusting the calculation of the MANET course disclosure process. The consequence of the reproduction shows that the proposed convention can decrease overhead definitely, growing system lifetime and increment parcel sending rate while contrasting and other traditional conventions.

Research of Improvement of GPSR Protocol in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

2015 ◽  
Vol 738-739 ◽  
pp. 1115-1118
Author(s):  
Li Cui Zhang ◽  
Xiao Nan Zhu ◽  
Zhi Gang Wang ◽  
Guang Hui Han
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Packet Delivery Ratio ◽  
Data Packet ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
Hoc Networks

Considering the shortcoming of the traditional Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing Protocol in the Vehicular Ad hoc Networks ,this paper focuses on an improved GPSR protocol based on the density of vehicle flow .This new scheme includes macro-directing algorithm , micro-forwarding strategy and the maintenance of the neighbor list.The simulation result shows that compared with the traditional GPSR protocol, the new GPSR protocol improves data packet delivery ratio, but its average end-to-end delay is slightly larger than before.

scholarly journals Towards Developing Enhanced Cluster-Based QoS-Aware Routing in MANET

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Kebebew Ababu Yitayih ◽  
Mulugeta Libsie
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Link State ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
Clustering Approach ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks

Creating dynamic communication infrastructures between mobile devices and satisfying the desires for time-sensitive multimedia applications have introduced new challenges in the design of protocols for mobile ad hoc networks. In this paper, to stream time-sensitive applications using mobile ad hoc network (MANET), we have selected the Optimal Link State Routing (OLSR) protocol. However, the protocol has high overhead because each node selects a set of multipoint relay (MPR) nodes. Therefore, we have proposed quality of service (QoS) supporting the MPR selection approach and a new lower maintenance clustering approach for minimizing the overhead of the network. As a result, the proposed approach showed a better result in the average end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio, routing load, and throughput.

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