scholarly journals Morphologic and Osteometric Analysis of the Skull of Markhoz Goat (Iranian Angora)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nader Goodarzi ◽  
Toraj Shah Hoseini
Keyword(s):  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Parietal Bone ◽  
Frontal Bone ◽  
Occipital Bone ◽  
Cheek Tooth ◽  
Frontal Surface ◽  
Infraorbital Foramen ◽  
Skull Length ◽  
Cranial Index

This study provides some comprehensive osteometric and morphologic descriptions of the skull region of the Markhoz goat. Totally, 17 osteometric parameters of eight skulls of Markhoz goat were measured and expressed as mean ± SD. A skull length of18.67±0.66, a cranial length of11.1±0.38, a facial length of10.23±0.76, a skull index of47.77±1.96, a cranial index of54.04±2.29, a facial index of100.77±6.85and a foramen magnum index of89.32±14.1were recorded. Morphologically frontal bone did not constitute the caudal extent of frontal surface; rather it was formed by the parietal bone. There were two supraorbital foramina in both sides. The prominent facial tuberosity lies dorsally to the 3rd cheek tooth. The infraorbital foramen was single on either side which was located directly dorsally to the junction of the first and second upper premolar. The orbits were round and complete and located on a frontolateral oblique plane. The basilar part of the occipital bone was surrounded by two pairs of muscular tubercles with similar size. The temporal line was continuous of the temporal crest and ran over the parietal bone. In conclusion, the morphologic and osteometric data of Markhoz goat are comparable to other ruminants.

Correlation Between Cranial Index and Foramen Magnum Index in Human Dried Skulls

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
Dr Deepak S Howale ◽  
◽  
Dr Anil Bathija Dr Anil Bathija ◽  
Sudarshan Gupta ◽  
Dr D P Pandit Dr D P Pandit
Keyword(s):  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Cranial Index

scholarly journals Foramen Magnum Stenosis in Achondroplasia

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Choayb S ◽  
◽  
Adil H ◽  
El Haddad S ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Skull Base ◽  
Short Stature ◽  
Skeletal Dysplasia ◽  
Endochondral Ossification ◽  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Severe Complication ◽  
Occipital Bone ◽  
Severe Morbidity ◽  
Cervicomedullary Junction

Achondroplasia is the most common hereditary skeletal dysplasia and is characterized by disproportionately short stature with rhizomelic short extremities [1]. The skull features include a narrowed foramen magnum, short skull base, and clivus [2]. Foramen magnum stenosis is a characteristic funding, secondary to an abnormal placement and premature fusion of the posterior synchondroses [1]. The second factor responsible for stenosis is a defect in endochondral ossification in the basiocciput that may result in an extension of the squamous occipital bone [2]. It can cause hydrocephalus and prominent emissary and meningeal veins (Figure 1). Figure 1: Sagittal T1WI revealing a narrowed stenosis of the foramen magnum and compression of the cervicomedullary junction. The most severe complication is the compression of the cervicomedullary junction, associated with severe morbidity and sudden death in younger children [1].

scholarly journals Giant high occipital encephalocele

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-126
Author(s):  
Amit Agrawal ◽  
Reddy V. Umamaheshwara ◽  
Kishor V. Hegde ◽  
P. Suneetha ◽  
Divya Siddharth Kolikipudi
Keyword(s):  
Ct Images ◽  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Defect Size ◽  
Occipital Bone ◽  
Developmental Anomalies ◽  
Occipital Encephalocele ◽  
Adjacent Structures ◽  
Vascular Structures ◽  
Osseous Defect ◽  
Ct And Mri

Abstract Encephaloceles are rare embryological mesenchymal developmental anomalies resulting from inappropriate ossification in skull through with herniation of intracranial contents of the sac. Encephaloceles are classified based on location of the osseous defect and contents of sac. Convexity encephalocele with osseous defect in occipital bone is called occipital encephalocele. Giant occipital encephaloceles can be sometimes larger than the size of baby skull itself and they pose a great surgical challenge. Occipital encephaloceles (OE) are further classified as high OE when defect is only in occipital bone above the foramen magnum, low OE when involving occipital bone and foramen magnum and occipito-cervical when there involvement of occipital bone, foramen magnum and posterior upper neural arches. Chiari III malformation can be associated with high or low occipital encephaloceles. Pre-operatively, it is essential to know the size of the sac, contents of the sac, relation to the adjacent structures, presence or absence of venous sinuses/vascular structures and osseous defect size. Sometimes it becomes imperative to perform both CT and MRI for the necessary information. Volume rendered CT images can depict the relation of osseous defect to foramen magnum and provide information about upper neural arches which is necessary in classifying these lesions.

scholarly journals A computed tomography study on two skulls of mistreated dogs from the Roman Age

2013 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Farina ◽  
A. Mura ◽  
V. Petruzzi ◽  
G. Lepore ◽  
E. Mura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Parietal Bone ◽  
Frontal Bone ◽  
Orbital Cavity ◽  
Traumatic Lesion ◽  
First Case ◽  
Traumatic Lesions ◽  
Roman Age

The study of ancient skeletons is of high interest, as the relationship between men and animals can be reconstructed. In dogs, head injuries frequently result from direct physical traumas. The excavation of a prehistoric well (Genomi, Sardinia) brought to light sixty canine bones of the Age Roman (2nd century AD), although this well was built during the Nuragic Age. (1st millennium BC). Two canine skulls showing three traumatic lesions underwent computed tomography in order to study the endocast of the brain cavity and indirectly locate possible brain lesions. In the first case, a traumatic lesion was found in the left parietal bone with depression of the outer surface. This lesion determined compression of the left frontal cortex and was compatible with life, as can be deduced by the inflammation of the periostenum. In the second case, two different traumatic lesions were found. The former was a wide fracture of the right frontal bone near the orbital cavity. The injured area showed clear signs of bone remodeling which took place many months before death. The latter was a severe comminuted fracture involving both the outer and inner surface of the left frontal bone, which provoked a deep wound in the left frontal cortex. The sharp outline of bone splinters with no signs of bone remodelling indicates that the trauma was not compatible with life. All lesions described were consequent to severe blows from humans and testify mistreatment of dogs in the Roman Age.

scholarly journals Enhanced Activation of Canonical Wnt Signaling Confers Mesoderm-Derived Parietal Bone with Similar Osteogenic and Skeletal Healing Capacity to Neural Crest-Derived Frontal Bone

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e0138059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuli Li ◽  
Natalina Quarto ◽  
Kshemendra Senarath-Yapa ◽  
Nathaniel Grey ◽  
Xue Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Parietal Bone ◽  
Frontal Bone ◽  
Canonical Wnt Signaling ◽  
Canonical Wnt

scholarly journals Quantitive Study on Some Aspect of Occipital Area in Domestic Cat (Felis catus)

2016 ◽  
pp. 18-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Uddin ◽  
ME Hossain ◽  
MS Islam ◽  
MB Hossain ◽  
KN Islam
Keyword(s):  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Felis Catus ◽  
Occipital Bone ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Clinical Anatomy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Occipital Condyles ◽  
Classification And Treatment

This study was planned to investigate some aspects of the morphometric characteristics of the occipital bone and foramen megnum in domestic cat (Felis catus). Twenty adult domestic cat including 10 males and 10 female cats were euthanized using diazepam (@ 20 mg/kg) and their skulls were macerated to give morphometric parameters. Student t-test with level of significance set at 5% (p < 0.05) was used to analyze the obtained values. The height of occipital triangle, width of occipital condyles, width of jugular process were significantly larger in male than female. The mean height and width of the foramen magnum were 1.32 ± 0.09 cm and 1.35 ± 0.08 cm, respectively, while the foramen index was below 100 at 90.72 ± 4.93. Parameters for the foramen magnum index showed significant difference between both sexes at p < 0.05. The foramen magnum showed shape variations and there were multiple hypoglossal foramina in over 80% of the cats. The morphometric values of the occipital bone and foramen magnum and clinical anatomy of the occipital region of the domestic cats provide an important baseline for further research in this field and could help in the better diagnosis, classification, and treatment of diseases related to this region and serve as a future reference defining an anatomic range.International Journal of Natural Sciences (2013), 3(1-4) 18-21

Two-year-old girl with cervicomedullary junction stenosis and an unknown type of skeletal dysplasia

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-202
Author(s):  
Samuel Henry Cheshier ◽  
Mohammad Yashar Sorena Kalani ◽  
Arjun Pendakaur ◽  
Dominique Higgins ◽  
David Kahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Dysplasia ◽  
Cranial Nerve ◽  
Cranial Nerve Palsy ◽  
Nerve Palsy ◽  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Occipital Bone ◽  
Lower Cranial Nerve ◽  
Unknown Type ◽  
Cervicomedullary Junction ◽  
Lower Cranial Nerve Palsy

The authors present a novel case of skeletal dysplasia in a 2.8-year-old girl. The patient presented with progressive lower cranial nerve palsy and myelopathy due to constriction at the cervicomedullary junction caused by overgrowth of the occipital bone of the foramen magnum and the C-1. She also had prominent bone overgrowth of the superior orbital ridges, resulting in excessive stretching of periorbital skin and an inability to fully close her eyes.

Shape of the feline cerebellum and occipital bone related to breed on MRI of 200 cats

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1065-1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xander Huizing ◽  
Andy Sparkes ◽  
Ruth Dennis
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Occipital Bone ◽  
Bone Morphology ◽  
Anatomical Variant ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Mri Features ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Neurologically Normal

Objectives The MRI features of the feline cerebellum and occipital bone have not previously been described in the literature. The aims of this study were three-fold. Firstly, to document variations in cerebellar shape on MRI in neurologically normal cats to support our hypothesis that crowding of the contents of the caudal fossa or herniation of the cerebellar vermis through the foramen magnum occurs frequently as an anatomical variant. Secondly, to document variations in the morphology of the occipital bone. Thirdly, to see whether these variations in shape of the feline cerebellum and occipital bone could be associated with head conformation, such as brachycephaly. Methods The imaging records of the small animal clinic at the Animal Health Trust between 2000 and 2013 were searched retrospectively to identify adult cats that had undergone high-field (1.5 T) MRI investigation which included the brain. Exclusion criteria included evidence of intracranial disease or the presence of cervical syringomyelia. Midline sagittal T2-weighted and transverse images were used to assess the occipital bone morphology and cerebellar shape, and to measure the width to length ratio of the cranial cavity. Results Fourteen different breeds were represented. A cerebellar shape consistent with crowding of the contents of the caudal fossa, or herniation through the foramen magnum was present in 40% of the entire population. Persians (recognised as a brachycephalic breed) had a higher proportion of cerebellar crowding or herniation than all other breeds. There was no significant difference in the distribution of occipital bone morphology between these breed groups. Conclusions and relevance It is important to recognise morphological variations of the feline cerebellum and occipital bone in order to avoid false-positive diagnoses of raised intracranial pressure and pathological herniation on MRI.

scholarly journals TOMOGRAPHIC MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE CRANIUM AND ITS CORRELATION WITH CRANIAL HALO USE IN ADULTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
TIAGO FERREIRA DE ALMEIDA ◽  
HOMAR TOLEDO CHARAFEDDINE ◽  
FERNANDO FLORES DE ARAÚJO ◽  
ALEXANDRE FOGAÇA CRISTANTE ◽  
RAPHAEL MARTUS MARCON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Parietal Bone ◽  
Frontal Bone ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Parietal Bones

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate using tomographic study the thickness of the cranial board at the insertions points of the cranial halo pins in adults Methods: This is a retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive analysis of Computed Tomography (CT) scans of adult patients' crania. The study included adults between 20 and 50 years without cranial abnormalities. We excluded any exam with cranial abnormalities Results: We analyzed 50 CT scans, including 27 men and 23 women, at the original insertion points and alternative points (1 and 2 cm above the frontal and parietal bones). The average values were 7.4333 mm in the frontal bone and 6.0290 mm in the parietal bone Conclusion: There was no statistically significant difference between the classical and alternative points, making room for alternative fixings and safer introduction of the pins, if necessary. Level of Evidence II, Retrospective Study.

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