The Influence of Metabolic Factors for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Women

Background/Aims. Women after menopause have increased insulin resistance and visceral fat, which may increase the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the pathogenesis of NAFLD in women has not been clearly defined. In this study, we aimed to determine the risk factors for NAFLD in women.Methods. A retrospective cohort study was conducted. Women who underwent abdominal ultrasonography and blood sampling for routine health check-ups were recruited.Results. Among 1,423 subjects, 695 women (48.9%) were in a menopausal state. The prevalence of NAFLD was higher in postmenopausal women than in premenopausal women (27.2% versus 14.4%,P<0.001). In premenopausal women, low HDL-cholesterol, central obesity, and homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance showed a significant association with the increased risk of NAFLD in multivariate analysis. In postmenopausal women, the presence of diabetes, triglyceridemia, and central obesity showed a significant association with the risk of NAFLD. The presence of menopause and hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women were not risk factors for NAFLD.Conclusions. Our findings showed different metabolic factors for NAFLD in pre- and postmenopausal women. However, the key issues are the same: central obesity and insulin resistance. These results reemphasize the importance of metabolic factors irrespective of menopausal status in the pathogenesis of NAFLD in women.

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Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease among Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women in Ho Municipality: A Cross-Sectional Study

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2020/2168381 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Anita Mawuse Setroame ◽

Patrick Kormla Affrim ◽

Albert Abaka-Yawson ◽

Precious Kwablah Kwadzokpui ◽

Felicia Eyram Adrah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Premenopausal Women ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

Background and Objectives. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing worldwide. MetS-affected individuals stand the risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and increased cardiovascular mortality while NAFLD results in advanced liver diseases, such as liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, if not diagnosed and treated on time. This study is aimed at determining the prevalence of MetS and NAFLD among premenopausal and postmenopausal women in Ho Municipality. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 185 participants: 88 premenopausal and 97 postmenopausal women obtaining healthcare service from Ho Teaching Hospital (HTH) and Ho Municipal Hospital from November 2018 to January 2020. Questionnaires were administered, and direct anthropometric measurements were taken. Blood samples were collected between 8:00 am and 10:00 am after overnight fast (12 to 18 hours; ≥8 hours) to assess fasting blood glucose, fasting lipids, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) concentrations at HTH laboratory using standard measuring procedures. This study in diagnosing metabolic syndrome and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease employed the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATPIII) criteria and the Bedogni fatty liver index algorithm, respectively. Results. The overall prevalence of MetS and NAFLD was 24.86% and 40.00% using NCEP-ATPIII and Bedogni fatty liver index algorithm, respectively. The prevalence of MetS and NAFLD among postmenopausal women was 32.99% and 49.48%, respectively, higher than 15.91% and 29.55%, respectively, observed among premenopausal women. The most prevalent MetS component among the study population was abdominal obesity (68.65%) which was significantly higher among the postmenopausal women (82.47%) than premenopausal women (53.41%) (<0.001). Hyperglycemia and hypertension were the major significant risk factors for developing MetS among premenopausal women whereas high triglyceride was the highest risk factor found among the postmenopausal women. Obesity and abdominal obesity were the most likely risk factors for developing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease among both premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Comorbidities of MetS and NAFLD were significant risk factors for developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD) (OR=5.2, 95%CI=2.2-12.4; p<0.001). Conclusion. This study established a significant association between coronary artery disease and comorbidities of MetS and NAFLD among the studied participants. Both conditions were found to be more prevalent among postmenopausal women compared to premenopausal women. Abdominal obesity was the most prevalent MetS component among the population. Women should be monitored for the two conditions and be educated on adopting healthy lifestyles to minimize the incidence of these conditions.

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Cholecystectomy versus central obesity or insulin resistance in relation to the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: the third US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

BMC Endocrine Disorders ◽

10.1186/s12902-019-0423-y ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wenzhu Yue ◽

Xingxing Sun ◽

Tingting Du

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Central Obesity ◽

Nutrition Examination Survey ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

The Third ◽

Health And Nutrition

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NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY DISEASE FROM A BRAZIL NORTHEAST AREA

Arquivos de Gastroenterologia ◽

10.1590/s0004-28032015000200007 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 111-116 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Consuêlo Padilha VILAR ◽

Helma Pinchemel COTRIM ◽

Gesira Soares Assis FLORENTINO ◽

Gerson BRAGAGNOLI ◽

Paulo Adriano SCHWINGEL ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

The Relationship

Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most frequent chronic liver injury around the world. It is associated with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. Objective To evaluate the frequency and relevance of NAFLD in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods Patients from a Brazil Northeast area, who underwent elective coronary angiography (CAG) from 2009 to 2010 were included. All of them had suspicion of CAD. Criteria to CAD: presence of obstructive lesions in the epicardial coronary arteries, or in their major branches. NAFLD criteria: presence of hepatic steatosis on ultrasound; exclusion of other liver diseases; ethanol intake ≤ 20g/day. Statistics analysis included Independent t-test, Mann-Whitney and Pearson’s chi-squared test. Multivariate regression analysis measured the relationship between the risk factors and the concomitant presence of CAD and NAFLD. Results A total of 244 patients were evaluated: 63.5% had CAD and 42.2% had NAFLD. NAFLD was observed in 43.9% of the CAD patients. The regression analysis showed that the relationship between CAD and NAFLD was positively correlated with HOMA-IR ≥3.0 or insulin resistance and overweight/obesity. Conclusion NAFLD was frequent among CAD patients; insulin resistance and overweight/obesity were the most relevant risk factors related to the association NAFLD and CAD. The results suggest that patients with CAD should be evaluated for NAFLD.

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NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE IN MENOPAUSAL WOMEN

Arquivos de Gastroenterologia ◽

10.1590/s0004-28032013000200032 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 50 (3) ◽

pp. 180-185 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Gesira Soares de Assis FLORENTINO ◽

Helma Pinchemel COTRIM ◽

Consuelo Padilha VILAR ◽

Andre Vinicius de Assis FLORENTINO ◽

Geruza Maria Almeida GUIMARAES ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Replacement Therapy ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Hormone Replacement ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

Context Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is common in postmenopausal women. It is associated with metabolic syndrome. However, the influence of hormone replacement therapy in NAFLD development in these women needs to be investigated. This study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of NAFLD in postmenopausal women, and the relationship between hormone replacement therapy and this disease. Methods From April 2009 to April 2011, 292 postmenopausal women from National Health System from Northeast of Brazil were selected, and 251 were included in this study. Menopause was defined as the absence of menstruation for 12 consecutive months in otherwise healthy women. Criteria to NAFLD included: presence of steatosis on abdominal ultrasound; history of alcohol consumption less than 20 g/day and exclusion of other liver diseases. All women underwent a clinical evaluation. Standard univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the results. Results The mean age was 56.5 ± 6.7 years. Hormone replacement therapy was referred by 21.1% (53) women and 78.9% (198) was not. Prevalence of NAFLD was 37.1% (93/251) in postmenopausal women, 26,4% (14/53) in the group with hormone replacement therapy and 39,9% (79/198) without hormone replacement therapy. Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (P = 0.001), alanine transaminase (P<0.01), ferritin (P<0.001) and insulin resistance (homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance ≥3) (P<0.001) were higher in the group of women with NAFLD diagnosis who did not referred the use of hormone replacement therapy. Metabolic syndrome was also more frequent in women with NAFLD, who did not refer hormone replacement therapy. Conclusion In conclusion this data suggests elevated prevalence of NAFLD in postmenopausal women; negative association of hormone replacement therapy and NAFLD.

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Diagnostic performance of non-invasive markers for the presence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in premenopausal women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome

Endocrine Abstracts ◽

10.1530/endoabs.49.ep1139 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Evangeline Vassilatou ◽

Sophia Lafoyianni ◽

Dimitra-Argyro Vassiliadi ◽

Dimitrios Ioannidis ◽

Stavroula Paschou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Disease ◽

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Diagnostic Performance ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Premenopausal Women ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Non Invasive

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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of prostatic diseases: Roles of insulin resistance

Andrologia ◽

10.1111/and.14060 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shankun Zhao ◽

Yaoyao Wang ◽

Weizhou Wu ◽

Suqing Yang ◽

Lili Feng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Prostatic Diseases

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Clinical characteristics and risk factors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in children with obesity

BMC Pediatrics ◽

10.1186/s12887-021-02595-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Luting Peng ◽

Su Wu ◽

Nan Zhou ◽

Shanliang Zhu ◽

Qianqi Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Liver Enzymes ◽

Early Stage ◽

Prevention Strategies ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Nash Group

Abstract Background With the increasing number of children with obesity worldwide, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common liver disease among children. It is necessary to recognize the risk factors of NAFLD for prevention in childhood since NAFLD is asymptomatic in the early stage. Objectives. The objective of this study was to investigate possible risk factors of NAFLD in children with obesity, providing evidence for monitoring and prevention strategies at an early stage for obese children with NAFLD. Methods Data were collected from 428 children and adolescents aged 6-16 years recruited from the Children’s Hospital at Nanjing Medical University from September 2015 to April 2018 and analyzed. Based on a combination of ultrasound results and alanine transaminase levels, subjects were divided into three groups: simple obesity (SOB), simple steatosis (SS), and nonalcoholic fatty hepatitis (NASH). Blood biochemical examination included glucose, insulin, uric acid, lipid profile and liver enzymes. Results Among 428 children with obesity, 235 (54.9%) had SS and 45 (10.5%) had NASH. Body mass index, body mass index standard deviation score (BMI-SDS), waist circumference, body fat, liver enzymes, uric acid and HOMA-IR level were significantly higher in the NASH group than in the SS and SOB groups (p < 0.001). 53.3% of the SS group and 49.8% of the NASH group had metabolic syndrome, significantly more than in the SOB group (19.6%, p < 0.001). After adjustment for confounding factors, logistic regression models revealed that NASH was associated with BMI-SDS ≥ 3, gender, hyperuricemia and insulin resistance. Conclusions The prevalence of NASH in children with obesity is closely related to high BMI-SDS, gender, insulin resistance and hyperuricemia. These findings provide evidence that monitoring risk factors of childhood obesity can assist in developing prevention strategies for liver disease at an early stage.

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