scholarly journals Vibrio alginolyticusAssociated Chronic Myringitis Acquired in Mediterranean Waters of Turkey

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burak Ekrem Citil ◽  
Serhan Derin ◽  
Funda Sankur ◽  
Murat Sahan ◽  
Mahmut Ugur Citil
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Vibrio Alginolyticus ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
External Ear ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Ear Infections

Vibrio alginolyticuswas originally classified as biotype 2 ofVibrio parahaemolyticus. Most clinical isolates are recovered from superficial wounds or the external ear infections.V. alginolyticusis acknowledged to be nearly nonpathogenic in humans. The reason for presence ofV. alginolyticus’s virulence is uncertain. We describe a chronic myringitis case in a 47-year-old female due toV. alginolyticus. According to her anamnesis, it was detected that she had sea bathing history in Mugla Coast in Turkey. Pure isolation ofV. alginolyticuswas obtained from external auditory canal’s culture. Investigation and antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolate were performed by the automatized BD Phoenix system and Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, respectively. The bacteria were sensitive to all antibiotics. This case was presented to pay attention toVibrio alginolyticusinfections.

Activity of Caspofungin and Voriconazole against Clinical Isolates of Candida and Other Medically Important Yeasts by the CLSI M-44A Disk Diffusion Method with Neo-Sensitabs Tablets

Chemotherapy ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J. Carrillo-Muñoz ◽  
G. Quindós ◽  
O. del Valle ◽  
P. Santos ◽  
G. Giusiano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method

scholarly journals Streptococcus agalactiae in pregnant women: serotype and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns over five years in Eastern Sicily (Italy)

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 2387-2396
Author(s):  
Carlo Genovese ◽  
Floriana D’Angeli ◽  
Valentina Di Salvatore ◽  
Gianna Tempera ◽  
Daria Nicolosi
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Defibrinated Sheep Blood ◽  
Disk Diffusion Test

AbstractStreptococcus agalactiae (also known Group B Streptococcus or GBS) represents the main pathogen responsible for early- and late-onset infections in newborns. The present study aimed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and the capsular serotypes of GBS isolated in Eastern Sicily over 5 years, from January 2015 to December 2019. A total of 3494 GBS were isolated from vaginal swabs of pregnant women (37–39 weeks), as recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Capsular polysaccharide’s typing of GBS was determined by a commercial latex agglutination test containing reagents to serotypes I–IX. The antimicrobial resistance pattern of GBS was determined through the disk diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer) and the double-disk diffusion test on Mueller-Hinton agar plates supplemented with 5% defibrinated sheep blood, according to the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Serotypes III (1218, 34.9%) and V (1069, 30.6%) were the prevalent colonizers, followed by not typable (570, 16.3%) and serotypes Ia (548, 15.7%), Ib (47, 1.3%), II (40, 1.1%), and IV (2, 0.1%). All 3494 clinical isolates were susceptible to cefditoren and vancomycin. Resistance to penicillin, ampicillin, levofloxacin, clindamycin, and erythromycin was observed in 6 (0.2%), 5 (0.1%), 161 (4.6%), 1090 (31.2%), and 1402 (40.1%) of the strains, respectively. Most of erythromycin-resistant GBS (1090/1402) showed the cMLSB phenotype, 276 the M phenotype, and 36 the iMLSB phenotype. Our findings revealed a higher prevalence of serotype III and a relevant resistance rate, among GBS strains, to the most frequently used antibiotics in antenatal screening.

scholarly journals Categorizing susceptibility of clinical isolates of Candida auris to amphotericin B, caspofungin, and fluconazole utilizing the CLSI M44-A2 disk diffusion method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie S. Nunnally ◽  
Tajah Damm ◽  
Shawn R. Lockhart ◽  
Elizabeth L. Berkow
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Candida Auris ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method

We evaluated the CLSI M44ed3E disk diffusion method in comparison with the CLSI M27ed4 broth microdilution method for caspofungin and fluconazole and the Etest method for amphotericin B to categorize susceptibility of 347 clinical isolates of Candida auris. Utilizing the zone diameter cutoffs established here we observed the overall categorial agreement between the two methods. For caspofungin, concordant results were observed for 98% of isolates with <1% very major and 1% major errors. For fluconazole, concordant results were observed for 91% of isolates with 1% very major and 8% major errors. For amphotericin B, concordant results were observed for 74% of isolates with <1% very major errors and 25% major errors. The disk diffusion approach provides an accurate method for determining the susceptibility of C. auris for caspofungin and fluconazole, and for identification of at least 75% of amphotericin B-susceptible isolates.

scholarly journals A study of inducible clindamycin resistance in erythromycin resistant clinical isolates of Staphylococcus species

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
Fatima Khan ◽  
Sana Ali ◽  
Asfia Sultan ◽  
Meher Rizvi ◽  
Abida Khatoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Failure ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Inducible Clindamycin Resistance

Introduction: Erythromycin resistant Staphylococcus isolates with inducible resistance appear sensitive to clindamycin in in?vitro sensitivity testing. If clindamycin is used for treatment of such isolates, selection for constitutive mutants may lead to clinical failure. Current study was conducted to detect the presence of inducible clindamycin resistance in erythromycin resistant Staphylococcus isolates by disk diffusion method (D test). To correlate clindamycin resistance phenotypes with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of clindamycin, erythromycin, oxacillin and vancomycin among the isolates. To correlate various resistance phenotypes with methicillin resistance. Material and Methods: 150 non duplicate isolates of Staphylococcus species were identified and antibiotic susceptibility testing was done using Kirby Bauer’s disc diffusion method. MICs were determined using E?test for oxacillin, vancomycin, clindamycin and erythromycin using E?test strips (Himedia) Results: Among 150 staphylococcus clinical isolates, 96 were of S. aureus and 54 were coagulase negative Staphylococci (CONS). About 81.2% of the S.aureus isolates and 72.2% of the CONS were found to be methicillin resistant. Inducible clindamycin resistance was found in 39.3% of the isolates, constitutive resistance phenotype in 48% while 12.7% demonstrated MS phenotype. 18% and 11.3% of all the isolates had MICs for clindamycin between 0.01?0.06 μg/ml and 0.06?0.1 respectively. 12.5% had MIC ranging from 4?8 μg/ml while 58% had MIC > 8 μg/ml. Constitutive resistant phenotype (cMLS) was the predominant phenotype in methicillin resistant isolates. MS phenotype was the predominant among MSSA (methicillin sensitive S. aureus) while MSCNS (methicillin sensitive CONS) cMLS (46.7%) predominated. MIC of all erythromycin resistant isolates were ≥ 240 μg/ml. Nearly 16.7% of the cMLS and 57.9% of MS isolates were found to be oxacillin sensitive and 83% of iMLS and 83.3% of MS phenotype isolates were oxacillin resistant on MIC testing. 47.2% of cMLS and 73.6% of MS isolates had MIC ≤ 2 μg/ml for vancomycin and 52.7% of cMLS and 26.3% of MS isolates had MICs in intermediate range for vancomycin. Conclusions: D?testing might help clinicians to decide whether to use clindamycin in Staphylococcal infections when erythromycin resistance is present. Determination of MICs help to identify exact sensitivity profile of isolates in cases where clinical failure occurs due to misleading disk diffusion tests.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i6.11811 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(6) 2015 48-52

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of BD Phoenix NMIC-413 Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Panel for Imipenem, Meropenem, and Ertapenem Against Clinical Carbapenem-Resistant and Carbapenem-Susceptible Enterobacterales

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjia Zhang ◽  
Peiyao Jia ◽  
Ying Zhu ◽  
Ge Zhang ◽  
Yingchun Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Major Error ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant

Purpose: The infection of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) has become a major clinical and healthcare problem worldwide. The screening methods of CRE have been extensively developed but still need improving [e.g., tests with accurate and simple minimum inhibitory (MICs)]. In this study, the performance of the BD Phoenix NMIC-413 AST panel was evaluated against clinical CRE and carbapenem-susceptible Enterobacterales (CSE) in China. The panel was first evaluated in the Chinese clinical lab.Methods: Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of 303 clinical Enterobacterales isolates were conducted by broth microdilution (BMD), Phoenix NMIC-413 AST panel, and disk diffusion method for imipenem, ertapenem, and meropenem. Considering BMD is a gold standard, essential agreement (EA), categorical agreement (CA), minor error (MIE), major error (ME), and very major error (VME) were determined according to CLSI guidelines. CA and EA &gt; 90%, ME &lt;3%, and VME &lt;1.5% were considered as acceptable criteria. Polymerase chain reaction and sanger sequencing were performed to determine the β-lactamase genotypes of CRE isolates.Results: Three hundred and three isolates included 195 CREs and 108 CSEs were enrolled according to the BMD-MIC values of three carbapenems. Tested CREs showing 100 blaKPC−2-positive organisms, 31 blaIMP-positive organisms, 28 blaNDM-positive organisms, 5 blaVIM-positive organisms, 2 both blaIMP and blaVIM-positive organisms, 2 blaOXA−48-positive organisms, and 27 isolates without carbapenemase genes. For the Phoenix NMIC-413 method, CA and EA rates &gt;93%, MIE rates &lt;5%, ME rates &lt;1.75%, and VME rates were 0%, across the three drugs. For the disk diffusion method, the CA rates for three drugs were all &gt;93%, while the MIE and ME rates were all &lt;5 and &lt;3%, respectively. VME rate was 3.28% for imipenem, exceeded the cut-off value specified by CLSI M52, 0 and 0.56% for ertapenem and meropenem, separately.Conclusion: Based on the genomic data, the detection of CRE and CSE was more reliable using the BD Phoenix NMIC-413 panel compared to the BMD and disk approaches. Therefore, our study supports the use of BD Phoenix NMIC-413 panel as a suitable alternative to BMD for the detection of carbapenem resistant isolates in a clinical setting.

scholarly journals Levonadifloxacin: A Novel Approved Drug Exhibiting Potent In vitro Activity against Gram Positive Bacterial Isolates from Patients Admitted in Intensive Care Units

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tasneem Siddiqui ◽  
Rafat Shamim ◽  
Sangram Singh Patel ◽  
Chinmoy Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

Introduction: Levonadifloxacin is a novel antibiotic belonging to the benzoquinolizine subclass of fluoroquinolone with potent activity against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Quinolone Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (QRSA). Both intravenous levonadifloxacin and its oral formulation have recently been approved in India for the treatment of acute bacterial skin related infections. Aim: To assess the activity of levonadifloxacin against gram positive clinical isolates collected from Intensive Care Units (ICUs) using the disk-diffusion method. Materials and Methods: The present descriptive study where non duplicate isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and other gram positive isolates from various clinical samples from all Intensive Care Units (ICUs) were collected from June to December 2020 and subjected to levonadifloxacin susceptibility testing (disk diffusion method) as per the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines, 2020. Data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 25.0. Results: A total of 142 gram positive clinical isolates collected from all ICUs of the hospital were analysed. These isolates included coagulase negative S. aureus 109 (76.8%), S. aureus 21 (14.8%) and Enterococcus faecalis 12 (8.4%). All the gram positive isolates of the study were susceptible to levonadifloxacin as per the prespecified interpretive criteria identified based on population pharmacokinetic model and Monte Carlo simulation enabled probability of pharmacodynamic target attainment analysis. Conclusion: Results of this in vitro study shows good activity of levonadifloxacin against gram positive isolates including difficult to-treat methicillin resistant staphylococcal isolates collected from ICU patients.

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