scholarly journals The Effect of Cataract on Eye Movement Perimetry

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Thepass ◽  
J. J. M. Pel ◽  
K. A. Vermeer ◽  
O. Creten ◽  
S. R. Bryan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Sensitivity Threshold ◽  
Peripheral Stimulus ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Change In Mean ◽  
Cataract Patients ◽  
Eye Movement Perimetry

Purpose. To determine how different grades of cataract affect sensitivity threshold and saccadic reaction time (SRT) in eye movement perimetry (EMP).Methods. In EMP, the visual field is tested by assessing the saccades that a subject makes towards peripheral stimuli using an eye tracker. Forty-eight cataract patients underwent pre- and postoperative EMP examination in both eyes. The subjects had to fix a central stimulus presented on the eye tracker monitor and to look at any detected peripheral stimulus upon its appearance. A multilevel mixed model was used to determine the factors that affected the sensitivity threshold and the SRT as a function of cataract grade.Results. We found no effect of cataract severity (LOCS III grades I through IV) on SRT and the sensitivity thresholds. In cataract of LOCS III grade V, however, we found an increase by 27% and 21% (p<0.001), respectively, compared to the SRT and the sensitivity threshold in LOCS III grade I. Eyes that underwent cataract surgery showed no change in mean SRTs and sensitivity thresholds after surgery in LOCS III grade IV and lower.Conclusion. The present study shows that EMP can be readily used in patients with cataract with LOCS III grade IV and below.

scholarly journals Development of a test grid using Eye Movement Perimetry for screening glaucomatous visual field defects

2017 ◽  
Vol 256 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. S. Kadavath Meethal ◽  
D. Mazumdar ◽  
R. Asokan ◽  
M. Panday ◽  
J. van der Steen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Visual Field Defects ◽  
Test Grid ◽  
Field Defects ◽  
Eye Movement Perimetry

scholarly journals Effect of Age, Sex, Stimulus Intensity, and Eccentricity on Saccadic Reaction Time in Eye Movement Perimetry

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepmala Mazumdar ◽  
Najiya S. Kadavath Meethal ◽  
Manish Panday ◽  
Rashima Asokan ◽  
Gijs Thepass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Stimulus Intensity ◽  
Saccadic Reaction Time ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Eye Movement Perimetry

Change Detection on Periphery and Dual-Task Performance

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (17) ◽  
pp. 1645-1648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mon-Chu Chen ◽  
Filipe Fortes ◽  
Roberta Klatzky ◽  
William Long
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Change Detection ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Peripheral Vision ◽  
Primary Task ◽  
Peripheral Stimulus ◽  
Dual Task Performance

A variation of the Wickens' Task was performed to examine the assumption that people can detect certain stimuli on their periphery without decreasing the performance of the primary task. Participants were instructed to respond to a change in a peripheral stimulus without shifting their gaze from a primary task in the center of their visual field. Our data suggests that both type and magnitude of change have a significant effect on detection rate and reaction time. The data also suggests that the performance of the primary task did not decay after the change of the stimuli occurred. Based on these findings, we argue that people can detect various types of changes without shifting gaze and without degrading task performance. Therefore, an interface particularly designed for peripheral vision is possible, and it will potentially provide benefits to both productivity and safety.

scholarly journals Slowed Saccadic Reaction Times in Seemingly Normal Parts of Glaucomatous Visual Fields

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gijs Thepass ◽  
Hans G. Lemij ◽  
Koenraad A. Vermeer ◽  
Johannes van der Steen ◽  
Johan J. M. Pel
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Generalized Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Total Deviation ◽  
Sensitivity Loss ◽  
Field Sensitivity ◽  
Advanced Glaucoma ◽  
Eye Movement Perimetry

Purpose: In eye movement perimetry, peripheral stimuli are confirmed by goal-directed eye movements toward the stimulus. The saccadic reaction time (SRT) is regarded as an index of visual field responsiveness, whereas in standard automated perimetry (SAP), the visual field sensitivity is tested. We investigated the relation between visual field sensitivity and responsiveness in corresponding locations of the visual field in healthy controls and in patients with mild, moderate and advanced glaucoma.Materials and Methods: Thirty-four healthy control subjects and 42 glaucoma patients underwent a 54-point protocol in eye movement perimetry (EMP) and a 24-2 SITA standard protocol in a Humphrey Field Analyzer. The visual field points were stratified by total deviation sensitivity loss in SAP into 6 strata. A generalized linear mixed model was applied to determine the influence of the various factors.Results: The generalized linear mixed model showed that the mean SRT increased with increasing glaucoma severity, from 479 ms in the control eyes to 678 ms in the eyes of patients with advanced glaucoma (p &lt; 0.001). Mean SRTs significantly increased with increasing SAP sensitivity loss. Even at the locations where no sensitivity loss was detected by SAP (total deviation values greater or equal than 0 dB), we found lengthened SRTs in mild, moderate and advanced glaucoma compared to healthy controls (p &lt; 0.05) and in moderate and advanced glaucoma compared to mild glaucoma (p &lt; 0.05). At locations with total deviation values between 0 and −3 dB, −3 and −6 dB and −6 and −12 dB, we found similar differences.Conclusions: The lengthened SRT in areas with normal retinal sensitivities in glaucomatous eyes, i.e., planning and execution of saccades to specific locations, precede altered sensory perception as assessed with SAP. Better understanding of altered sensory processing in glaucoma might allow earlier diagnosis of emerging glaucoma.

scholarly journals Validity and Repeatability of Saccadic Response Times Across the Visual Field in Eye Movement Perimetry

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan J. M. Pel ◽  
Michel C. M. van Beijsterveld ◽  
Gijs Thepass ◽  
Johannes van der Steen
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Saccadic Response ◽  
Eye Movement Perimetry

scholarly journals Saccadic reaction time in mirror image sectors across horizontal meridian in eye movement perimetry

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepmala Mazumdar ◽  
Najiya S. Kadavath Meethal ◽  
Ronnie George ◽  
Johan J. M. Pel
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Saccadic Reaction Time ◽  
Automated Perimetry ◽  
Standard Automated Perimetry ◽  
Evaluation Phase ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Eye Movement Perimetry

AbstractIn eye movement perimetry (EMP), the saccadic reaction time (SRT) to ‘seen’ visual stimuli are delayed in glaucoma. Evaluating SRT behaviour in hemi-field sectors could refine its clinical implication. The development phase included 60 controls retrospectively and for the test cohort in evaluation phase, another 30 healthy subjects and 30 glaucoma patients were recruited prospectively. The SRTs were used to calculate the normative limits within 5 predefined hemi-field sectors. Scores were assigned to probabilities for SRT at the level of 5%, 2.5% 1% and 0.5%. Per sector pair, a probability score limit (PSL) was calculated at each of the four levels and were compared with the scores obtained from the test cohort. The classification accuracy ‘normal versus abnormal’ was assessed for PSL in EMP and compared with glaucoma hemi-field test in standard automated perimetry. We found no statistically significant differences in SRTs between the mirror sectors in healthy subjects. The PSL at 2.5% had moderate classification accuracy with a specificity of 77% and sensitivity 70%. This could be suggestive of an SRT delay in the overall visual field in glaucoma.

scholarly journals Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis Presenting with Bilateral Orbital Apex Syndrome

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-40
Author(s):  
Yusuke Murai ◽  
Takuji Kurimoto ◽  
Sotaro Mori ◽  
Kaori Ueda ◽  
Mari Sakamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Endoscopic Sinus Surgery ◽  
Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
Orbital Apex ◽  
Orbital Apex Syndrome ◽  
Initial Examination ◽  
Steroid Pulse

We report a rare case of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) presenting with bilateral orbital apex syndrome (OAS). A 73-year-old woman with a history of endoscopic sinus surgery for ethmoidal sinusitis experienced a sudden decrease in visual acuity (VA) of both eyes. At the initial examination, her VA had decreased to 0.01 in the right eye and 0.03 in the left eye, and eye movement in both eyes was mildly limited in all directions. Visual field tests of both eyes showed a large central scotoma. Laboratory tests revealed an elevation of myeloperoxidase-anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody. Facial computed tomography demonstrated a thickened mucosal membrane in the entire ethmoidal sinus, and the posterosuperior walls of Onodi cells filled with infiltrative lesions had thinned. Orbital magnetic resonance imaging showed severe inflammation in the orbital apex. From these clinical findings, the patient was diagnosed with GPA presenting with OAS associated with ethmoid sinusitis. Emergent endoscopic sinus surgery was performed for biopsy and debridement of the ethmoidal and sphenoid sinusitis to decompress the optic nerve. One day after endoscopic sinus surgery, the patient’s VA and visual field were improved, and steroid pulse therapy was commenced postoperatively. Four days later, VA had recovered to 1.0 in both eyes, and eye movement and visual field had were improved. Although OAS is a rare manifestation, early surgical treatment should be considered when the orbital lesion presents as risk of rapid deterioration of visual function in patients with GPA.

Visual Field Accuracy and Eye Movement Direction: A Child's Eye View

1980 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 631-636
Author(s):  
Evans Mandes
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Movement Direction

Post-exposural eye movements were studied in 32 adults and 24 7-yr.-old children. Stimuli were binary figures exposed tachistoscopically in both visual fields simultaneously. The data showed significant correlations between direction of eye movement and locus of recognition for both children and adults. No significant differences were found in frequencies of eye movements of children and adults. The data are interpreted in terms of the facilitative effects of post-exposural eye movements upon perception for both groups.

scholarly journals What do patients with glaucoma see: a novel iPad app to improve glaucoma patient awareness of visual field loss

2020 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2020-317034
Author(s):  
Meghal Gagrani ◽  
Jideofor Ndulue ◽  
David Anderson ◽  
Sachin Kedar ◽  
Vikas Gulati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Peripheral Vision ◽  
Glaucoma Patient ◽  
Visual Field Loss ◽  
Sensitivity Threshold ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ipad App ◽  
Field Defects

PurposeGlaucoma patients with peripheral vision loss have in the past subjectively described their field loss as ‘blurred’ or ‘no vision compromise’. We developed an iPad app for patients to self-characterise perception within areas of glaucomatous visual field loss.MethodsTwelve glaucoma patients with visual acuity ≥20/40 in each eye, stable and reliable Humphrey Visual Field (HVF) over 2 years were enrolled. An iPad app (held at 33 cm) allowed subjects to modify ‘blur’ or ‘dimness’ to match their perception of a 2×2 m wall-mounted poster at 1 m distance. Subjects fixated at the centre of the poster (spanning 45° of field from centre). The output was degree of blur/dim: normal, mild and severe noted on the iPad image at the 54 retinal loci tested by the HVF 24-2 and was compared to threshold sensitivity values at these loci. Monocular (Right eye (OD), left eye (OS)) HVF responses were used to calculate an integrated binocular (OU) visual field index (VFI). All three data sets were analysed separately.Results36 HVF and iPad responses from 12 subjects (mean age 71±8.2y) were analysed. The mean VFI was 77% OD, 76% OS, 83% OU. The most common iPad response reported was normal followed by blur. No subject reported dim response. The mean HVF sensitivity threshold was significantly associated with the iPad response at the corresponding retinal loci (For OD, OS and OU, respectively (dB): normal: 23, 25, 27; mild blur: 18, 16, 22; severe blur: 9, 9, 11). On receiver operative characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, the HVF retinal sensitivity cut-off at which subjects reported blur was 23.4 OD, 23 OS and 23.3 OU (dB).ConclusionsGlaucoma subjects self-pictorialised their field defects as blur; never dim or black. Our innovation allows translation of HVF data to quantitatively characterise visual perception in patients with glaucomatous field defects.

scholarly journals A Fast and Effective System for Analysis of Optokinetic Waveforms with a Low-Cost Eye Tracking Device

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Chong-Bin Tsai ◽  
Wei-Yu Hung ◽  
Wei-Yen Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Slow Phase ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Tracking Device ◽  
Traditional Approaches

Optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) is an involuntary eye movement induced by motion of a large proportion of the visual field. It consists of a “slow phase (SP)” with eye movements in the same direction as the movement of the pattern and a “fast phase (FP)” with saccadic eye movements in the opposite direction. Study of OKN can reveal valuable information in ophthalmology, neurology and psychology. However, the current commercially available high-resolution and research-grade eye tracker is usually expensive. Methods & Results: We developed a novel fast and effective system combined with a low-cost eye tracking device to accurately quantitatively measure OKN eye movement. Conclusions: The experimental results indicate that the proposed method achieves fast and promising results in comparisons with several traditional approaches.

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