scholarly journals Gang Reengagement Intentions among Incarcerated Serious Juvenile Offenders

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Boduszek ◽  
Katie Dhingra ◽  
Alexander Hirschfield
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Family Characteristics ◽  
Gang Membership ◽  
Young Offenders ◽  
Related Activity ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Pathways To Desistance ◽  
The Relationship

Research examining the factors that precipitate gang membership has contributed substantially to our understanding of gangs and gang-related activity, yet we know little about the factors influencing intentions to rejoin a gang after having being incarcerated. This study examines the relationship between gang characteristics, number of incarcerated friends, and family characteristics and gang reengagement intentions, while controlling for ethnicity. Participants were 206 male serious juvenile offenders interviewed as part of the Pathways to Desistance Study. The model explained between 35% and 47% of variance in gang reengagement intentions. However, only three variables made a unique statistically significant contribution to the model (punishment if gang rules are broken, importance of gang membership, and moral disengagement), with the strongest predictor being importance of gang membership. The results suggest that challenging young offenders’ perceptions about the importance of gang membership might be particularly effective in reducing gang reengagement intentions after incarceration.

scholarly journals Psychopathy, gang membership, and moral disengagement among juvenile offenders

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Dhingra ◽  
Agata Debowska ◽  
Kathryn Sharratt ◽  
Philip Hyland ◽  
Susanna Kola-Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Violence Exposure ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Gender Violence ◽  
Gang Membership ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pathways To Desistance ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of psychopathy factors and gang membership on moral disengagement while controlling for age, ethnicity, having run away from home, family member and/or friend arrests, substance misuse, parental physical fights, violence exposure (victimization and witnessing), and maternal warmth and hostility. Design/methodology/approach – The research is based on data collected from serious juvenile offenders (n=769) as part of the Pathways to Desistance Study. Findings – Six independent variables made a unique statistically significant contribution to the model: gang membership, age, gender, violence exposure, and psychopathy Factors 1 and 2. Psychopathy Factor 1 was the strongest predictor of moral disengagement. Originality/value – Results indicate that youth with heightened psychopathic traits make greater use of strategies to rationalize and justify their harmful behaviour against others. Implications in relation to theory and previous studies are discussed.

Psychopathic Traits and Victimization: What Mechanisms Mediate the Relationship?

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 886-904
Author(s):  
Leah E. Daigle ◽  
Michelle N. Harris ◽  
Brent Teasdale
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Psychopathic Traits ◽  
Violent Victimization ◽  
Control Variables ◽  
Maricopa County ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Pathways To Desistance ◽  
The Relationship

Psychopathy has been linked to a host of negative outcomes including victimization; yet, the mechanisms that may explain this relationship have not been identified. Using data from the Pathways to Desistance study, a longitudinal study of adolescents adjudicted for serious offenses ( N = 1,354) who had been adjudicated in either Maricopa County, AZ, or Philadelphia County, PA, we examine several mechanisms that may mediate the relationship between psychopathy and violent victimization. A 1 SD increase in psychopathy increases the risk of victimization by about 9.3%, net of control variables. Psychopathy is linked to violent victimization through its significant influences on engagement in risky behaviors, moral disengagement, motivations to succeed, and expectations for the future. These findings are striking given that they identify factors such as cognition and engagement in risky behavior that may be suitable targets for change in prevention or intervention efforts.

Does Future Orientation Moderate the Relationship Between Impulse Control and Offending? Insights From a Sample of Serious Young Offenders

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damon M. Petrich ◽  
Christopher J. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Impulse Control ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Future Orientation ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Young Offenders ◽  
Behavioral Strategies ◽  
Pathways To Desistance ◽  
The Relationship

Researchers have recently begun to examine motivational factors as moderators of the relationship between self-control and offending behavior. The current study extends prior work by investigating whether three aspects of future orientation (aspirations, expectations, and the use of future-oriented cognitive and behavioral strategies) play such a role. Drawing on 7 years of data from the Pathways to Desistance study ( N = 1,333), we use hybrid effects negative binomial regression models to assess how within-individual changes in future orientation and impulse control are independently and jointly related to the offending variety of serious young offenders. Although impulse control and three components of future orientation had significant main effects on offending, no interaction between these components emerged in our results. Implications for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Do Psychopathic Traits Distinguish Trajectories of Gang Membership?

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1337-1355
Author(s):  
Dena C. Carson ◽  
James V. Ray
Keyword(s):  
Psychopathic Traits ◽  
Gang Membership ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
Leadership Roles ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Pathways To Desistance ◽  
Gang Life ◽  
The Relationship

Prior work that examines different stages of gang membership (joining, time in gang, and leaving) indicates that the gang experience is unique to each individual member. However, we know little about what accounts for variations in the gang experience; particularly, with regard to the role of individual-level characteristics. This article helps to fill this gap by examining how trajectories of gang membership vary based on one multifaceted individual-level characteristic: psychopathy. Some prior work suggests that gang members high in psychopathic traits are attracted to gang life and more likely to hold leadership roles in the gang. Other work indicates that those high in psychopathy are not well suited for gang membership. We make use of the Pathways to Desistance data and group-based trajectory modeling to examine these relationships. Results indicate that the relationship between psychopathy and gang membership is dependent upon the distinct factors of psychopathy.

scholarly journals Maturation as a Promoter of Change in Features of Psychopathy Between Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood

2021 ◽  
pp. 154120402110309
Author(s):  
Evan C. McCuish ◽  
Kelsey Gushue
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Individual Change ◽  
Dynamic Panel ◽  
Panel Models ◽  
Pathways To Desistance ◽  
Dynamic Panel Models ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between psychopathy and negative behavioral, social, and health outcomes has lead to calls to identify factors that promote change in features of psychopathy. Given that maturation has important implications for changes in personality more broadly, it also may be informative of changes in specific personality traits associated with psychopathy. Rocque’s integrated maturation theory was used in the current study to guide the measurement of psychosocial, adult social role, and identity maturation domains among boys and girls from the Pathways to Desistance Study ( n = 1,354). Based on cross-lagged dynamic panel models, within-individual change in temperance (psychosocial maturation), work orientation and consideration of others (adult social role maturation), and moral disengagement (identity maturation) predicted within-individual change in features of psychopathy measured using the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory. Maturation may influence features of psychopathy directly or indirectly through changes in a person’s social environment. Understanding why features of psychopathy change is an important step for developing person-oriented intervention strategies.

Assessing Attitudes Toward Juveniles and Adults Adjudicated for Sexual Offenses in Canada: Does Offender Age Matter?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon Sparks
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Adolescent Development ◽  
Sentence Length ◽  
Juvenile Crime ◽  
Young Offenders ◽  
Moral Outrage ◽  
Sexual Offenses ◽  
The Past ◽  
Effect Of Age

Over the past several decades, societal responses to juvenile crime has evolved from harsh sentences (including death) to more lenient punishments in congruence with our greater understanding of adolescent development. However, some groups of young offenders, such as those convicted of sexual offenses, appear to have fallen victim to a more punitive zeitgeist, where the mitigating effect of age may be diminished. In a 3 x (2) design, participants were randomly assigned to one of three vignette conditions and completed several measures regarding both juveniles and adults adjudicated for sexual offenses, including attitudes, moral outrage, and recommendations for sentence length and registration. Results indicated that adjudicated juveniles are viewed more favourably than their adult counterparts, although both received relatively long sentences. Further, over 90% of participants endorsed some form of registration for juvenile offenders. Implications for offender reintegration and public policy are discussed below.

An Investigation on Extrinsic and Intrinsic Rewards on Employee Retention among Gen Y: A Study in Malaysian Manufacturing Companies

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Employee Retention ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Extrinsic Reward ◽  
Intrinsic Rewards ◽  
Gen Y ◽  
Intrinsic Reward ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between extrinsic and intrinsic reward on retention among Gen Y employees in Malaysian manufacturing companies. The data was collected from 113 respondents worked in manufacturing companies located in Seri Kembangan, Selangor using questionnaires. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to test the hypotheses. The results showed both extrinsic and intrinsic reward are the factors influencing retaining Gen Y in manufacturing companies. The discussion on the analysis, limitation of the study, recommendation for future research and conclusion were discussed at the end of this study. In a nutshell, it was proven extrinsic reward and intrinsic reward has contributed to the retention of Gen Y employees.

Who Will Become Productive Adults? Longitudinal Patterns of Gainful Activities Among Serious Adolescent Offenders

2021 ◽  
pp. 0044118X2199638
Author(s):  
JoAnn S. Lee ◽  
Faye S. Taxman ◽  
Edward P. Mulvey ◽  
Carol A. Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Adolescent Offenders ◽  
Monthly Data ◽  
Longitudinal Patterns ◽  
Institutional Placement ◽  
Pathways To Desistance ◽  
Multiple Domains ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Youth Behaviors

The juvenile justice system is charged with the welfare of the children it serves, yet less is known about the prosocial behaviors of adolescent youthful offenders. This study identifies patterns of prosocial behavior for 7 years among serious adolescent offenders, the correlates of each pattern, and associated patterns of secure placement. Using 7 years of monthly data from the Pathways to Desistance Study ( N = 1,354), we used group-based trajectory models to identify longitudinal patterns of positive youth behaviors related to school and work among serious adolescent offenders and a joint trajectory model to assess the relationship between trajectories of institutional placement and positive youth behaviors. Four groups were identified that demonstrated a high, low, medium, and dips-then-rises likelihood of gainful activities throughout the study period. Gainful activities were negatively associated with risk for delinquency across multiple domains. Juvenile justice interventions should consider prosocial promise in addition to risk for delinquency.

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