scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Nanofibrous Polymer Scaffolds for Cartilage Tissue Engineering

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarosław Markowski ◽  
Anna Magiera ◽  
Marta Lesiak ◽  
Aleksander L. Sieron ◽  
Jan Pilch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cartilage Tissue Engineering ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Biological Assessment ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Fibrous Membranes

Polymer substrates obtained from poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanofibres modified with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and gelatin (GEL) for cartilage tissue engineering are studied. The work presents the results of physical, mechanical, and biological assessment. The hybrid structure of PLA and gelatine nanofibres, carbon nanotubes- (CNTs-) modified PLA nanofibres, and pure PLA-based nanofibres was manufactured in the form of fibrous membranes. The fibrous samples with different microstructures were obtained by electrospinning method. Microstructure, physical and mechanical properties of samples made from pure PLA nanofibres, CNTs-, and gelatin-modified PLA-nanofibres were studied. The scaffolds were also testedin vitroin cell culture of human chondrocytes collected from patients. To assess the influence of the nanofibrous scaffolds upon chondrocytes, tests for cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were performed. The work reveals that the nanofibrous structures studied were neither genotoxic nor cytotoxic, and their microstructure, physical and mechanical properties create promising scaffolds for potential use in cartilage repairing.

Polyethylene glycol diacrylate scaffold filled with cell-laden methacrylamide gelatin/alginate hydrogels used for cartilage repair

2021 ◽  
pp. 088532822110448
Author(s):  
Xiang Zhang ◽  
Zhenhao Yan ◽  
Guotao Guan ◽  
Zijing Lu ◽  
Shujie Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Cartilage Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol Diacrylate ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Glycol Diacrylate

Natural cartilage tissue has excellent mechanical properties and has certain cellular components. At this stage, it is a great challenge to produce cartilage scaffolds with excellent mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Hydrogels are commonly used in tissue engineering because of their excellent biocompatibility; however, the mechanical properties of commonly used hydrogels are difficult to meet the requirements of making cartilage scaffolds. The mechanical properties of high concentration polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogel are similar to those of natural cartilage, but its biocompatibility is poor. Low concentration hydrogel has better biocompatibility, but its mechanical properties are poor. In this study, two different hydrogels were combined to produce cartilage scaffolds with good mechanical properties and strong biocompatibility. First, the PEGDA grid scaffold was printed with light curing 3D printing technology, and then the low concentration GelMA/Alginate hydrogel with chondral cells was filled into the PEGDA grid scaffold. After a series of cell experiments, the filling hydrogel with the best biocompatibility was screened out, and finally the filled hydrogel with cells and excellent biocompatibility was obtained. Cartilage tissue engineering scaffolds with certain mechanical properties were found to have a tendency of cartilage formation in in vitro culture. Compared with the scaffold obtained by using a single hydrogel, this molding method can produce a tissue engineering scaffold with excellent mechanical properties on the premise of ensuring biocompatibility, which has a certain potential application value in the field of cartilage tissue engineering.

Novel Biologically Inspired Nanostructured Scaffolds for Directing Chondrogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 1498 ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Holmes ◽  
Nathan J. Castro ◽  
Jian Li ◽  
Lijie Grace Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cartilage Tissue Engineering ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Biologically Inspired

ABSTRACTCartilage defects, which are caused by a variety of reasons such as traumatic injuries, osteoarthritis, or osteoporosis, represent common and severe clinical problems. Each year, over 6 million people visit hospitals in the U.S. for various knee, wrist, and ankle problems. As modern medicine advances, new and novel methodologies have been explored and developed in order to solve and improve current medical problems. One of the areas of investigation is tissue engineering [1, 2]. Since cartilage matrix is nanocomposite, the goal of the current work is to use nanomaterials and nanofabrication methods to create novel biologically inspired tissue engineered cartilage scaffolds for facilitating human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) chondrogenesis. For this purpose, through electrospinning techniques, we designed a series of novel 3D biomimetic nanostructured scaffolds based on carbon nanotubes and biocompatible poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) polymers. Specifically, a series of electrospun fibrous PLLA scaffolds with controlled fiber dimension and surface nanoporosity were fabricated in this study. In vitro hMSC studies showed that stem cells prefer to attach in the scaffolds with smaller fiber diameter or suitable nanoporous structures. More importantly, our in vitro differentiation results demonstrated that incorporation of the biomimetic carbon nanotubes and poly L-lysine coating can induce GAG and collagen synthesis that is indicative of chondrogenic differentiations of MSCs. Our novel scaffolds also performed better than controls, which make them promising for cartilage tissue engineering applications.

scholarly journals Development and Evaluation of Gellan Gum/Silk Fibroin/Chondroitin Sulfate Ternary Injectable Hydrogel for Cartilage Tissue Engineering

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1184
Author(s):  
Seongwon Lee ◽  
Joohee Choi ◽  
Jina Youn ◽  
Younghun Lee ◽  
Wooyoup Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Silk Fibroin ◽  
Articular Chondrocytes ◽  
Cartilage Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cell Encapsulation ◽  
Gellan Gum ◽  
Cartilage Tissue

Hydrogel is in the spotlight as a useful biomaterial in the field of drug delivery and tissue engineering due to its similar biological properties to a native extracellular matrix (ECM). Herein, we proposed a ternary hydrogel of gellan gum (GG), silk fibroin (SF), and chondroitin sulfate (CS) as a biomaterial for cartilage tissue engineering. The hydrogels were fabricated with a facile combination of the physical and chemical crosslinking method. The purpose of this study was to find the proper content of SF and GG for the ternary matrix and confirm the applicability of the hydrogel in vitro and in vivo. The chemical and mechanical properties were measured to confirm the suitability of the hydrogel for cartilage tissue engineering. The biocompatibility of the hydrogels was investigated by analyzing the cell morphology, adhesion, proliferation, migration, and growth of articular chondrocytes-laden hydrogels. The results showed that the higher proportion of GG enhanced the mechanical properties of the hydrogel but the groups with over 0.75% of GG exhibited gelling temperatures over 40 °C, which was a harsh condition for cell encapsulation. The 0.3% GG/3.7% SF/CS and 0.5% GG/3.5% SF/CS hydrogels were chosen for the in vitro study. The cells that were encapsulated in the hydrogels did not show any abnormalities and exhibited low cytotoxicity. The biochemical properties and gene expression of the encapsulated cells exhibited positive cell growth and expression of cartilage-specific ECM and genes in the 0.5% GG/3.5% SF/CS hydrogel. Overall, the study of the GG/SF/CS ternary hydrogel with an appropriate content showed that the combination of GG, SF, and CS can synergistically promote articular cartilage defect repair and has considerable potential for application as a biomaterial in cartilage tissue engineering.

Development of a Biomimetic Electrospun Microfibrous Scaffold With Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes for Cartilage Regeneration

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Holmes ◽  
Nathan J. Castro ◽  
Jian Li ◽  
Lijie Grace Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cartilage Tissue Engineering ◽  
Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Cartilage Regeneration ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Medical Problems

Cartilage defects, which are caused by a variety of reasons such as traumatic injuries, osteoarthritis, or osteoporosis, represent common and severe clinical problems. Each year, over 6 million people visit hospitals in the U.S. for various knee, wrist, and ankle problems. As modern medicine advances, new and novel methodologies have been explored and developed in order to solve and improve current medical problems. One of the areas of investigation that has thus far proven to be very promising is tissue engineering [1, 2]. Since cartilage matrix is nanocomposite, the goal of the current work is to use nanomaterials and nanofabrication methods to create novel biologically inspired tissue engineered cartilage scaffolds for facilitating human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) chondrogenesis. For this purpose, through electrospinning techniques, we designed a series of novel 3D biomimetic nanostructured scaffolds based on carbon nanotubes and biocompatible poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) polymers. Specifically, a series of electrospun fibrous PLLA scaffolds with controlled fiber dimension were fabricated in this study. In vitro hMSC studies showed that stem cells prefer to attach in the scaffolds with smaller fiber diameter. More importantly, our in vitro differentiation results demonstrated that incorporation of the biomimetic carbon nanotubes and poly L-lysine coating can induce more chondrogenic differentiations of MSCs than controls, which make them promising for cartilage tissue engineering applications.

scholarly journals Potential of 3-D tissue constructs engineered from bovine chondrocytes/silk fibroin-chitosan for in vitro cartilage tissue engineering

Biomaterials ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (25) ◽  
pp. 5773-5781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandana Bhardwaj ◽  
Quynhhoa T. Nguyen ◽  
Albert C. Chen ◽  
David L. Kaplan ◽  
Robert L. Sah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Silk Fibroin ◽  
Cartilage Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Tissue Constructs

scholarly journals Calcium/Cobalt Alginate Beads as Functional Scaffolds for Cartilage Tissue Engineering

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Focaroli ◽  
Gabriella Teti ◽  
Viviana Salvatore ◽  
Isabella Orienti ◽  
Mirella Falconi
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Cartilage Tissue Engineering ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Alginate Beads ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Tissue Replacement

Articular cartilage is a highly organized tissue with complex biomechanical properties. However, injuries to the cartilage usually lead to numerous health concerns and often culminate in disabling symptoms, due to the poor intrinsic capacity of this tissue for self-healing. Although various approaches are proposed for the regeneration of cartilage, its repair still represents an enormous challenge for orthopedic surgeons. The field of tissue engineering currently offers some of the most promising strategies for cartilage restoration, in which assorted biomaterials and cell-based therapies are combined to develop new therapeutic regimens for tissue replacement. The current study describes thein vitrobehavior of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) encapsulated within calcium/cobalt (Ca/Co) alginate beads. These novel chondrogenesis-promoting scaffolds take advantage of the synergy between the alginate matrix and Co+2ions, without employing costly growth factors (e.g., transforming growth factor betas (TGF-βs) or bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs)) to direct hADSC differentiation into cartilage-producing chondrocytes.

TRENDS AND CHALLENGES OF CARTILAGE TISSUE ENGINEERING

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsu-Wei Fang
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Cartilage Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Cartilage Tissue

Cartilage injuries may be caused by trauma, biomechanical imbalance, or degenerative changes of joint. Unfortunately, cartilage has limited capability to spontaneous repair once damaged and may lead to progressive damage and degeneration. Cartilage tissue-engineering techniques have emerged as the potential clinical strategies. An ideal tissue-engineering approach to cartilage repair should offer good integration into both the host cartilage and the subchondral bone. Cells, scaffolds, and growth factors make up the tissue engineering triad. One of the major challenges for cartilage tissue engineering is cell source and cell numbers. Due to the limitations of proliferation for mature chondrocytes, current studies have alternated to use stem cells as a potential source. In the recent years, a lot of novel biomaterials has been continuously developed and investigated in various in vitro and in vivo studies for cartilage tissue engineering. Moreover, stimulatory factors such as bioactive molecules have been explored to induce or enhance cartilage formation. Growth factors and other additives could be added into culture media in vitro, transferred into cells, or incorporated into scaffolds for in vivo delivery to promote cellular differentiation and tissue regeneration.Based on the current development of cartilage tissue engineering, there exist challenges to overcome. How to manipulate the interactions between cells, scaffold, and signals to achieve the moderation of implanted composite differentiate into moderate stem cells to differentiate into hyaline cartilage to perform the optimum physiological and biomechanical functions without negative side effects remains the target to pursue.

Application of Carbon Nanotubes in Cartilage Tissue Engineering

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadeen O. Chahine ◽  
Nicole M. Collette ◽  
Heather Thompson ◽  
Gabriela G. Loots
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cartilage Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cellular Systems ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Chondrocyte Viability ◽  
Structural Reinforcement ◽  
Surgical Implants ◽  
Novel Material

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are cylindrical allotropes of carbon that are nanometers in diameter and posses unique physical properties, positioning them as ideal materials for studying physiology at a single cell level. CNTs have the potential to become a very important component of medical therapeutics, likely acting as (a) drug delivery system [1], (b) existing as an interfacial layer in surgical implants [2,3], or (c) acting as scaffolding in tissue engineering [4,8]. While some studies have explored the use of CNTs as a novel material in regenerative medicine, they have not yet been fully evaluated in cellular systems. One major limitation of CNTs that must be overcome is their inherent cytotoxicity. The goal of this study is to assess the long-term biocompatibility of CNTs for chondrocyte growth. We hypothesize that CNT-based material in tissue engineering can provide an improved molecular sized substrate for stimulation of cellular growth, and structural reinforcement of the scaffold mechanical properties. Here we present data on the effects of CNTs on chondrocyte viability and biochemical deposition examined in composite materials of hydrogels + CNTs mixtures. Also, the effects of CNTs surface functionalization with polyethlyne glycol (PEG) or carboxyl groups (COOH) were examined.

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