Epidemiological aspects of influenza A related to climatic conditions during and after a pandemic period in the city of Salvador, northeastern Brazil

Some epidemiological aspects of leishmaniasis in the municipality of Formiga, Brazil, an important touristic site, were evaluated. Those included phlebotomine sand fly vectors, canine infection, and geoprocessing analysis for determining critical transmission areas. Sand flies (224 insects) belonging to ten different species were captured. The most captured species includedLutzomyia longipalpis(35.3%),Lutzomyia cortelezzii(33.5%), andLutzomyia whitmani(18.3%). A significant correlation between sand fly densities and climatic conditions was detected. Serological diagnosis (DPP and ELISA) was performed in 570 dogs indicating a prevalence of 5.8%. After sequencing the main species circulating in the area wereLeishmania infantumandLeishmania braziliensis. Spatial analysis demonstrated that vegetation and hydrography may be related to sand fly distribution and infected dogs. The municipality of Formiga has proven leishmaniasis vectors and infected dogs indicating the circulation of the parasite in the city. Correlation of those data with environmental and human cases has identified the critical areas for control interventions (south, northeast, and northwest). In conclusion, there is current transmission of visceral and canine human cases and the city is on the risk for the appearance of cutaneous cases.

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A PROMISING ASSORTMENT OF TREES AND SHRUBS FOR LANDSCAPING IN VOLGOGRAD CITY

Landscape architecture in the globalization era ◽

10.37770/2712-7656-2021-2-5-18 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 5-18

Author(s):

E.N. Tyukhtina ◽

Keyword(s):

Negative Impact ◽

Ornamental Plants ◽

Botanical Garden ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Green Spaces ◽

Ecological Situation ◽

High Concentration ◽

High Level ◽

The City ◽

Trees And Shrubs

The article deals with one of the most relevant topics of the modern city and ecology - the problem of landscaping in Volgograd. The city is characterized by an industrial urbanism, with a high concentration of population, saturation of production facilities and vehicles, which contributes to a high level of negative impact on the environment. The pace of greening of the city lags behind the pace of construction of the residential sector, and the existing green spaces do not meet the sanitary and hygienic, aesthetic requirements. The prospects of this problem are determined, the existing green spaces are considered, data on the climatic conditions of the city and the ecological situation are given. Improvement in the field of landscaping is associated with the scientifically sound placement of green spaces, taking into account all the factors that affect the growth and development of plants in the urban environment. Unfortunately, due to the uneven distribution of the assortment of trees and shrubs, the species composition of the central streets and squares of the city is extremely poor. The study focuses on the role of the botanical garden in urban landscaping and aims to create recommendations for the sorting of tree and shrub plants for urban landscaping. As a result of the analysis of the assortment of ornamental plants of the open ground of the botanical garden, the article proposed species and varieties of woody and shrubby plants that have passed the introduction tests for more than 5-10 years. Recommendations for sorting are aimed at improving the ecological situation of the city and greening the recreation areas of citizens. The proposed list of tree and shrub species cannot fully solve the problem of greening the city, but it will help to significantly enrich the composition of tree and shrub plants.

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The conﬂict between attempts to green arid cities and urban livelihoods The case of Dodoma, Tanzania

Journal of Political Ecology ◽

10.2458/v10i1.21650 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 25 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aldo Lupala ◽

John Lupala

Keyword(s):

Climatic Conditions ◽

Capital City ◽

Local Context ◽

City Development ◽

Local Conditions ◽

Master Plans ◽

Contributory Factors ◽

Urban Livelihoods ◽

Planning Concepts ◽

The City

One of the features that characterise the designated capital city of Dodoma is the limited green landscape element as a result of semiarid climatic conditions of the whole central region of Tanzania. Besides concerted efforts by the Dodoma urban authorities to develop greenery landscape within the city through the Capital City Development Programme, such efforts have fallen into conﬂict with people’s livelihood activities. In this paper, it is argued that the gap between identiﬁcation of appropriate landscape features that are not consistent with people's lifestyles and the local conditions are the contributory factors to the observed conﬂicts between attempts to green the city and livelihoods of the residents. Borrowed planning concepts in the masterplans thatwere imposed on the contextof Dodoma do not reﬂectthe realityof thepeople's needs and priorities as regards their livelihoods. These concepts have to the greatest extent failed to integrate livelihood activities and greening initiatives. This paper underscores the need for developing locally based planning considerations that take cognisance of all stakeholders and the local context as a way towards harmonising greening initiatives while accommodating people's livelihood needs and activities.Key Words: greening initiatives, livelihood activities, semi-arid cities, urban planning, master plans, Dodoma, Tanzania.

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Phenology, reproductive biology and growing degree days of the grapevine ‘Isabel’ (Vitis labrusca, Vitaceae) cultivated in northeastern Brazil

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/1519-6984.05315 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 76 (4) ◽

pp. 975-982 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

N. A. S. Nunes ◽

A. V. Leite ◽

C. C. Castro

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Biology ◽

Pollen Viability ◽

Floral Biology ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Growing Degree Days ◽

Base Temperature ◽

Vitis Labrusca ◽

Degree Days ◽

Inflorescence Development

Abstract Phenology and reproductive biology of cultivated species are important for the comprehension of the requirements for fruit and seed production and the management of pollinators. This study aimed to characterise the phenology, reproductive biology and growing degree days of the grapevine ‘Isabel’ (Vitis labrusca) in northeastern Brazil during January 2011 (P1), Augst 2011 (P2), April 2012 (P3) and August 2012 (P4). We recorded the duration (days) of the phenological stages, pruning (P), woolly bud (W), budburst (B), inflorescence development (ID), flowering (F), ripening (R) and harvest (H). We analysed the floral biology, the sexual system and the breeding system. We measured the growing degree days (GDD) required to reach the subperiods P-B, B-F and F-H. The periods P1, P2, P3 and P4 lasted for 116, 125, 117 and 130 days, respectively. The number of days of harvest were similar in the same dry (P1 and P3) and rainy (P2 and P4) periods. All the periods that we recorded were shorter than those observed in other regions of Brazil, which may be attributable to the mean temperature and carbohydrate metabolism. The flowers are green, hermaphroditic, with an odour of mignonette, low pollen viability and autogamous. The base temperature of 10°C was considered the most adequate for the subperiods as has been documented for other grape varieties in Brazil. Thus, temperature was also the most adequate for the cycles, presenting a smaller standard deviation (0.119, 0.147, 0.156 and 0.153 to P1, P2, P3 and P4, respectively) when compared to a base temperature of 12°C (0.122, 0.158, 0.165 and 0.160 to P1, P2, P3 and P4, respectively). The higher and the lower observed GDD were 1972.17 and 1870.05, respectively, both above the values recorded in other parts of Brazil for same variety. The phonological results, including knowledge of growing degree days, are important to the planning of cultures at the study site and in other regions that have similar climatic conditions and make it possible to pre-determine the harvest.

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Cetaceans registered on the coast of Ilhéus (Bahia), northeastern Brazil

Biota Neotropica ◽

10.1590/s1676-06032012000100003 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 31-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Renata Lúcia Guedes Batista ◽

Alexandre Schiavetti ◽

Urânia Amaral dos Santos ◽

Maria do Socorro Santos dos Reis

Keyword(s):

Municipal Government ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Orcinus Orca ◽

Physeter Macrocephalus ◽

Downtown Area ◽

Sotalia Guianensis ◽

Fire Stations ◽

Scientific Value ◽

The City ◽

Environmental Agency

Stranded cetaceans have scientific value and may confirm the occurrence of some species or indicate their geographical distribution in an area. The collection of biological material can also contribute to improve the knowledge of the species or populations inhabiting certain areas. This study aimed to record live or dead cetaceans found ashore along the coast of Ilhéus, Bahia State, northeastern Brazil. Data were collected through a campaign called "SOS strandings, whales, porpoises and dolphins." Between 1997 and 1999 three hundred posters and five hundred folders were distributed to beach huts, shops, fishing associations and settlements, the city's municipal government, the Brazilian Environmental Agency (IBAMA) and fire stations. During this campaign, which lasted until 2007 it was possible to record 38 cetaceans of ten species on the coast of Ilhéus: Physeter macrocephalus, Megaptera novaeangliae, Globicephala macrorhynchus, Orcinus orca, Peponocephala electra, Stenella clymene, Feresa attenuata, Ziphius cavirostris, Steno bredanensis and Sotalia guianensis. The greatest numbers of records were observed between 2000 and 2003, which was the period after the distribution of banners and posters. The majority of the carcasses were recovered near the city downtown area (<10 km) and there was not a relationship between the state of the carcasses and the distance from that area.

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Building The Tree Inventory Application for City of East Jakarta

10.31224/osf.io/a5d3z ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Bambang Sulistyantara ◽

Imawan W. Hidayat ◽

A. Nasirudin Taher ◽

Hendrawan

Keyword(s):

Urban Space ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Urban Ecosystem ◽

Essential Elements ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Easy Access ◽

Fundamental Function ◽

Tree Inventory ◽

The Impact ◽

The City

Trees are essential elements of an urban space. The presence of trees in urban areas is not only appreciated as physical attribute, but beyond this, it serves a fundamental function in balancing and conserving urban ecosystem. Especially in tropical countries like Indonesia which receive high levels of solar radiation, trees contribute to the protection of urban areas from the impact of excessive micro-climatic conditions. But, the presence of trees sometimes resulted in the accidents for the residences because of broken branches and human injuries. This situation leads the city to prepare a tree inventory system, which is beneficial in giving the information about tree conditions and thus the information that would be useful for tree maintenance activities. The tree inventory on application for the city of East Jakarta was built for this purpose, comprising a tree inventory and easy access to the database. The application connects the database source with the GIS map, so that the users could retrieve information for each kind of data.

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Population dynamics of spotted wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) in orchards in the Zagreb area

Pomologia Croatica ◽

10.33128/pc.23.3-4.2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (3-4) ◽

pp. 91-102

Author(s):

Ivana Pajač Živković ◽

Irena Brlić Puškarić ◽

Darija Lemić

Keyword(s):

Invasive Species ◽

Population Dynamics ◽

Overlapping Generations ◽

Host Plants ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Spotted Wing Drosophila ◽

Drosophila Suzukii ◽

Research Population ◽

Zagreb Area ◽

The City

The invasive species Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931), the spotted wing drosophila, was first recorded in Croatia in 2010. Since then, it has spread on Croatian territory but its presence has not yet been confirmed in the City of Zagreb. In this research population dynamics of D. suzukii was investigated in three orchards in Zagreb (Maksimir, Jelenovac, Zelenjak) in the period from 20th of March to 27th of November 2017. Feeding traps with apple vinegar were used for catching D. suzukii. The flight began in the period from 27th of June to 11th of July and lasted until 27th of November. The total pest catches were 874 specimens (Jelenovac 187, Maksimir 232 and Zelenjak 455). From September to November there was a continuous flight and a large increase in the number of caught flies, suggesting the presence of more overlapping generations. Besides the host plants, the development of the pest in this area is also enabled by suitable climatic conditions. The present population in the City of Zagreb County poses a danger to fruit producers in the Zagreb County. The results of this research are a contribution to better understanding of the population and the spread of the pest in Croatia.

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A new clustering and visualization method to evaluate urban energy planning scenarios

10.31224/osf.io/b9znk ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Sara Torabi Moghadam ◽

Silvia Coccolo ◽

Guglielmina Mutani ◽

Patrizia Lombardi ◽

Jean Louis Scartezzini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Planning Process ◽

Energy Transition ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Energy Planning ◽

Transition Strategies ◽

Urban Energy ◽

The City

The spatial visualization is a very useful tool to help decision-makers in the urban planning process to create future energy transition strategies, implementing energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies in the context of sustainable cities. Statistical methods are often used to understand the driving parameters of energy consumption but rarely used to evaluate future urban renovation scenarios. Simulating whole cities using energy demand softwares can be very extensive in terms of computer resources and data collection. A new methodology, using city archetypes is proposed, here, to simulate the energy consumption of urban areas including urban energy planning scenarios. The objective of this paper is to present an innovative solution for the computation and visualization of energy saving at the city scale.The energy demand of cities, as well as the micro-climatic conditions, are calculated by using a simplified 3D model designed as function of the city urban geometrical and physical characteristics. Data are extracted from a GIS database that was used in a previous study. In this paper, we showed how the number of buildings to be simulated can be drastically reduced without affecting the accuracy of the results. This model is then used to evaluate the influence of two set of renovation solutions. The energy consumption are then integrated back in the GIS to identify the areas in the city where refurbishment works are needed more rapidly. The city of Settimo Torinese (Italy) is used as a demonstrator for the proposed methodology, which can be applied to all cities worldwide with limited amount of information.

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MODERN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN IN CITY FURNITURE

IEDSR Association ◽

10.46872/pj.220 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (11) ◽

pp. 47-54

Author(s):

Aysu SARI ÇETİN

Keyword(s):

Cultural Values ◽

Social Life ◽

Architectural Design ◽

Holistic Approach ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Negative Effects ◽

The People ◽

Unique Identity ◽

Materials Used ◽

The City

Cities have different architectural features in terms of cultural, historical, geographical and social life. It is seen that each city has a unique identity over time. The reason for this is that the people living in the city have lifestyle, social behaviors and cultural values. Many cities have architectural symbols that symbolize that city. Functional use should be prioritized in the design phase of urban furniture, aesthetics is of course an important detail, but in order for the community to be together in the city, urban furniture should be ergonomic and functionality within certain standards in terms of different physical features. The climatic conditions of that city should be taken into consideration in the selection of materials for urban furniture. Lighting elements, plant elements, recreational elements, signs and information signs, floor coverings, artistic objects, including waste bins should be considered together. Urban furniture should complement each other with a holistic approach. It is seen that the materials used in the design have positive and negative effects on people psychologically. Wooden designs using natural materials give the feeling of calmness and rest. It is seen that concrete and iron materials give a sense of strength. In the use of artificial materials, there is a feeling of anxiety. The phenomenon of color in designed urban furniture causes a sense of dynamism or calmness. Remarkable designs are often made for symbolic purposes. It is an important detail for urban furniture that it is sometimes criticized and attracted attention instead of being liked.

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Niède Guidon: a cientista brasileira responsável pelo tesouro arqueológico nacional

História da Ciência e Ensino construindo interfaces ◽

10.23925/2178-2911.2018v18i1p76-87 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 ◽

pp. 76

Author(s):

Jéssica Da Silva Gaudêncio

Keyword(s):

Scientific Journal ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Archaeological Sites ◽

São Paulo ◽

Archaeological Remains ◽

Land Bridge ◽

Unesco World Heritage ◽

Carbon 14 ◽

The City

ResumoO presente artigo aborda a trajetória científica da arqueóloga Niède Guidon, brasileira nascida no interior de São Paulo e Doutora em Pré-História pela Université Paris I Pantheon-Sorbonne. Chegou na cidade de São Raimundo Nonato (Piauí) em 1970 em busca de vestígios arqueológicos provenientes daquela região. Ao deparar-se com resultados de análises enviadas à laboratórios franceses, no qual datavam através da técnica com Carbono-14 artefatos e vestígios arqueológicos com mais de 18 mil anos BP[1], Niède ampliou suas pesquisas e reuniu esforços pela preservação do local que hoje é conhecido como Parque Nacional da Serra da Capivara, patrimônio cultural da humanidade pela Unesco. Em 1986, publicou suas descobertas na prestigiada revista científica britânica Nature, dando destaque internacional para os sítios arqueológicos do nordeste brasileiro. A partir daí Guidon continuou seu trabalho e suas descobertas arqueológicas constataram artefatos com datações de 100 mil anos BP, desenvolvendo novas teorias para a origem do homem americano, refutando assim a teoria mais aceita do Estreito de Bering. Isto causou a indignação de diversos arqueólogos internacionais e nacionais que questionavam a veracidade de suas pesquisas. Mesmo com todas essas polêmicas, Niède Guidon e demais pesquisadores seguem com seus estudos nos mais de 1300 sítios arqueológicos da região do Piauí, sugerindo que mais resultados ainda estão por vir.Palavras-chave: Niède Guidon; Arqueologia; Pré-história brasileira.AbstractThis article deals with the scientific accomplishments of the archaeologist Niède Guidon, a Brazilian born in the interior of São Paulo who earned a Ph.D. in Prehistory from the Université Paris I Pantheon-Sorbonne. He arrived in the city of São Raimundo Nonato (Piauí) in 1970 in search of archaeological remains from that region. When he first received the results from French laboratories of Carbon-14 analyses, a method capable of dating artifacts that are at least eighteen thousand years old, Niède expanded his research and joined efforts to preserve the location now known such as Serra da Capivara National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Center. In 1986, he published his findings in the prestigious British scientific journal Nature, gaining international prominence for the archeological sites of northeastern Brazil. From there Guidon continued his work and his archaeological discoveries, finding artifacts dating to 100,000 years before the present (BP), developed new theories for the origin of American humankind, thus refuting the more accepted theory of the humankind’s migration across the land bridge between Asia and North America. This caused indignation among several international and national archaeologists who questioned the veracity of his research. Even with controversies, Niède Guidon and other researchers have continued their studies in more than 1300 archaeological sites in the Piauí region, which suggests that more findings can be expected.Keywords: Niède Guidon; Archeology, Brazilian Prehistory.[1] Before the Present – Antes do Presente – escala utilizada pelas disciplinas científicas na datação de eventos do passado em relação à data presente.

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