scholarly journals Improving Lowland Rice (O. sativaL. cv. MR219) Plant Growth Variables, Nutrients Uptake, and Nutrients Recovery Using Crude Humic Substances

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perumal Palanivell ◽  
Osumanu Haruna Ahmed ◽  
Nik Muhamad Ab Majid ◽  
Mohamadu Boyie Jalloh ◽  
Kasim Susilawati
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Rice Plant ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Lowland Rice ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Nutrients Uptake ◽  
Nutrients Recovery

High cation exchange capacity and organic matter content of crude humic substances from compost could be exploited to reduce ammonia loss from urea and to as well improve rice growth and soil chemical properties for efficient nutrients utilization in lowland rice cultivation. Close-dynamic air flow system was used to determine the effects of crude humic substances on ammonia volatilization. A pot experiment was conducted to determine the effects of crude humic substances on rice plant growth, nutrients uptake, nutrients recovery, and soil chemical properties using an acid soil mixed with three rates of crude humic substances (20, 40, and 60 g pot−1). Standard procedures were used to evaluate rice plant dry matter production, nutrients uptake, nutrients recovery, and soil chemical properties. Application of crude humic substances increased ammonia volatilization. However, the lowest rate of crude humic substances (20 g pot−1) significantly improved total dry matter, nutrients uptake, nutrients recovery, and soil nutrients availability compared with crude humic substances (40 and 60 g pot−1) and the normal fertilization. Apart from improving growth of rice plants, crude humic substances can be used to ameliorate acid soils in rice cultivation. The findings of this study are being validated in our ongoing field trials.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Sumber Silikon pada Sifat Kimia dan Pertumbuhan Tanaman Padi pada Tiga Jenis Tanah

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 605-611
Author(s):  
Mirawanty Amin ◽  
Hartin Kasim ◽  
Faisal Faisal
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Rice Plant ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Affected Plant ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Main Plot

Silicon (Si) has an important role in the growth of rice plants and some soil chemical properties. However, Si still receives less attention, because there is still little information about the importance of Si for rice plants and not many researches have been done on the use of Si in rice plants. This condition causes the farmers do not practice the use of Si as a fertilizer that eventually removal or release of silica from the soil solum. One source of Si that can be used as a fertilizer is trass. Currently, the trass has been widely used by the community as the basic material for making bricks. However, the use of trass as a source of Si in agriculture is not widely known. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the effect of trass on rice plant growth and soil chemical properties. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of trass addition on soil chemical properties and rice growth. The experimental design used was a separate plot where three types of soil, namely oxisol, inceptisol, and vertisol as the main plot and seven doses of trass were 0 (D0); 1.25 (D1); 2.5 (D2); 3.75 (D3); 5 (D4); 7.5 (D5); and 10 (D6) g kg-1 of soil as sub-plots. The treatment was a combination of these two factors and was repeated 3 times to obtain 63 experimental units. The results showed that the administration of trass significantly increased pH, available P, Ca-dd, Mg-dd, and significantly decreased available Fe and Mn. Meanwhile, the provision of trass also significantly affected plant height, namely 91 cm, and the number of tillers, namely 21 stems.   Key words: chemical properties, rice, silicon, trass

scholarly journals Using Soil Water to Control Ammonia Emission from Acid Soils with and Without Chicken Litter Biochar

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Maru Ali ◽  
Ahmed Osumanu Haruna ◽  
Nik Muhamad Abd Majid ◽  
Walter Charles Primus ◽  
Nathaniel Maikol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Urea Hydrolysis ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Ammonia Loss ◽  
Chicken Litter

Although urea use in agriculture is on the increase, increase in pH at soil microsite due to urea hydrolysis which causes ammonia emission can reduce N use efficiency. Among the interventions used to mitigate ammonia loss include urease inhibitors, clinoptilolite zeolite, coated urea, and biochar but with little attention to the use of soil water levels to control ammonia volatilization. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of soil water levels on ammonia volatilization from soils with and without chicken litter biochar. Dry soils with and without chicken litter biochar were subjected to 0%, 25% 50%, 75%, 100%, and 125% soil water. There was no urea hydrolysis in the soil without water. Chicken litter biochar as soil amendment effectively mitigated ammonia loss at 1% to 32% and 80% to 115% field capacity. However, urea used on soil only showed lower ammonia loss at 33% to 79% and 116% to 125% field capacity compared with the soils with chicken litter biochar. At 50% field capacity ammonia loss was high in soils with and without chicken litter biochar. Although chicken litter biochar is reputed for improving soil chemical properties, water levels in this present study affected soil chemical properties differently. Fifty percent field capacity, significantly reduced soil chemical properties. These findings suggest that timely application of urea at the right field capacity can mitigate ammonia emission. Therefore, whether soils are amended with or without chicken litter biochar, urea application should be avoided at 50% field capacity especially in irrigated crops.

Factors associated with biological nitrogen fixation in dairy pastures in south-western Victoria

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penny A. Riffkin ◽  
Paul E. Quigley ◽  
Gavin A. Kearney ◽  
Fiona J. Cameron ◽  
Robert R. Gault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Nematode Density ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Western Victoria

A survey of 71 sites was conducted in the dairying districts of south-western Victoria in October 1994 to determine factors associated with nitrogen (N) fixation in white clover based pastures. Twenty-eight factors (environmental, microbiological, management, soil, and pasture) were considered in relation to 2 indicators of N fixation by white clover, %Ndfa (percentage of total plant N derived from the atmosphere, as determined by the 15N natural abundance method) and kg of N fixed per tonne herbage dry matter (legume and non-legume). On light-textured soils (sandy loams), soil potassium, rhizobia numbers, total soil N, and density of the nematode Pratylenchus sp. accounted for 72% of variation in %Ndfa. On medium-textured soils (clay loams), crude protein of perennial ryegrass and plant-available phosphorus in the soil accounted for 30% of variation in %Ndfa. The amount of N fixed was influenced by different factors, again depending on soil texture. Soil chemical properties accounted for 31% variation on the medium-textured soils with nematode density, pasture quality, and soil chemical properties accounting for 77% of variation on light-textured soils. Amounts of N fixed per tonne herbage dry matter produced averaged 8.2 kg on the light-textured soils and 7.3 kg on the medium-textured soils. Average %Ndfa values were 67% and 60% on light- and medium-textured soils, respectively. Effects of soil texture on N fixation were attributed to the different cation exchange and water-holding capacities of the soils and highlight the importance of considering soil type in N fixation studies.

scholarly journals Liming influence on soil chemical properties, nutritional status and yield of alfalfa grown in acid soil

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 1231-1239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adônis Moreira ◽  
Nand Kumar Fageria
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Base Saturation ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination

Alfalfa is an important forage crop with high nutritive value, although highly susceptible to soil acidity. Liming is one of the most efficient and prevailing practices to correct soil acidity and improve alfalfa yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate response to liming of alfalfa grown in a greenhouse on a Typic Quartzipsamment soil. The treatments consisted of four lime rates (0, 3.8, 6.6 and 10.3 Mg ha-1) and two cuts. Alfalfa dry matter increased quadratically with increasing lime rates. In general, dry matter yield was maximized by a lime rate of 8.0 Mg ha-1. Except for the control, the dry matter nutrient contents in the treatments were adequate. The positive linear correlation between root and nodule dry matter with lime rates indicated improvement of these plant traits with decreasing soil acidity. The soil acidity indices pH, base saturation, Ca2+ concentration, Mg2+ concentration, and H + Al were relevant factors in the assessment of alfalfa yield. The magnitude of influence of these soil acidity indices on yield as determined by the coefficient of determination (R²) varied and decreased in the order: base saturation, H + Al, pH, Ca and Mg concentrations. Optimum values of selected soil chemical properties were defined for maximum shoot dry matter; these values can serve as a guideline for alfalfa liming to improve the yield of this forage on acid soils.

Effect of digested slurry on the dry matter production and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization of two genotypes of Zoysia grass

2017 ◽  
Vol 155 (10) ◽  
pp. 1565-1576
Author(s):  
M. TOBISA ◽  
Y. UCHIDA ◽  
S. IWASA ◽  
T. TSUKIYAMA ◽  
Y. ASANO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Continuous Application

SUMMARYThe present study investigated the dry matter yield (DMY) and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization (internal hyphae, arbuscules, and vesicles) of two genotypes of zoysia grass (Zoysia japonica strain Aso and cv. Asagake) at three rates (10, 20 and 40 g N/m2/year) of application of digested slurry (DS) or mineral fertilizer. Soil chemical properties (available phosphorus concentration, pH and electrical conductivity (EC)) were also measured as factors associated with AM colonization. The fertilizer type (DS v. mineral fertilizer) had an effect on DMY depending on the plant genotypes but had little or no effect on AM colonization, and soil chemical properties, indicating that DS can be used as a substitute for mineral fertilizer; however, it is necessary to apply it taking into account the ratio of inorganic nitrogen (N). However, heavy DS application decreased colonization by internal hyphae. Furthermore, even at the lowest rate, the continuous application of DS decreased colonization by arbuscules and vesicles in both genotypes, which were associated with decreasing soil pH and increasing EC. The results suggest that zoysia grass should be fertilized with DS at a rate of <10 g N/m2/year in order to achieve a continuous association with AM fungi, although this range of N application is sub-optimal for zoysia grass production.

scholarly journals Interactions between leaf macronutrients, micronutrients and soil properties in pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) orchards

2013 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prodromos Koukoulakis ◽  
Christos Chatzissavvidis ◽  
Aristotelis Papadopoulos ◽  
Dimitrios Pontikis
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Leaf Analysis ◽  
Promote Plant Growth ◽  
Macro And Micronutrients ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Plant Available P ◽  
Pistachio Trees

Abstract - The interactions between: (i) leaf dry matter macronutrietns, micronutrients and soil chemical properties, (ii) leaf macro- and micronutrients, (iii) soil macro- and micronutrients and (iv) soil chemical properties, and soil micro- and macronutrients in 50 pistachio orchards were investigated in leaves and soils by means of regression analysis. Most of the soils were deficient in plant-available P, Zn, Mn, Fe, and B, while they were excessively supplied with Cu. Leaf analysis showed that most of the trees were sufficient in K, Mg, Mn and B, but deficient in N, P and Fe, and excessive in Zn and Cu. It was found that almost all the significant elemental interactions occurring in pistachio leaves or soils were synergistic, contributing considerable quantities of available nutrients and, therefore, improving the nutrient status of pistachio trees, and the level of soil fertility. On the other hand, the interactions between K and Mg in leaves, and between soil pH and leaf N or soil Fe, Mn and B, were antagonistic. It is suggested that these results must be taken into account during fertilization of pistachio trees, in order to avoid nutritional disorders and to promote plant growth, productivity and nut quality.

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