scholarly journals Assessment of Antifungal Activity of Bakuchiol on Oral-AssociatedCandidaspp.

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd-Al-Faisal Nordin ◽  
Fathilah Abdul Razak ◽  
Wan Harun Himratul-Aznita
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Cell Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Planktonic Cells ◽  
Specific Growth Rates

Bakuchiol is an active component ofPsoralea glandulosaandPsoralea corylifolia, used in traditional Chinese medicine. The study aimed at investigating the antifungal activity of bakuchiol on planktonic and biofilm forms of orally associatedCandidaspecies. The antifungal susceptibility testing was determined by the broth micro dilution technique. Growth kinetics and cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) ofCandidawere measured to assess the inhibitory effect of bakuchiol onCandidaplanktonic cells. Biofilm biomass and cellular metabolic activity were quantitatively estimated by the crystal violet (CV) and the 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide (XTT) assays. AllCandidastrains have been shown to be susceptible to bakuchiol with the MIC ranges from 12.5 to 100 μg/mL. Significant decrease in specific growth rates and viable counts demonstrates the inhibitory effect of bakuchiol onCandidaplanktonic cells. A brief exposure to bakuchiol also reduced CSH ofCandida(P<0.05), indicating altered surface properties of yeast cells towards hydrophobic interfaces. Biofilm biomass and cell metabolic activity were mostly decreased, except forC. glabrata(P=0.29). The antifungal properties of bakuchiol onCandidaspecies in thisin vitrostudy may give insights into the application in therapeutic strategy againstCandidainfections.

Antifungal activity of promethazine and chlorpromazine against planktonic cells and biofilms of Cryptococcus neoformans/Cryptococcus gattii complex species

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 906-912
Author(s):  
Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira Brilhante ◽  
Wilker Jose Perez Gotay ◽  
Vandbergue Santos Pereira ◽  
Jonathas Sales de Oliveira ◽  
Waldemiro Aquino Pereira-Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Cryptococcus Gattii ◽  
Planktonic Cells ◽  
Complex Species ◽  
Cryptococcus Spp

Abstract Cryptococcus neoformans/Cryptococcus gattii are fungal pathogens that affect the central nervous system, mainly in immunocompromised individuals. Due to the limited pharmacological arsenal available for the treatment of cryptococcosis associated with cases of antifungal resistance of Cryptococcus spp. reported in some studies, the search for new compounds with antifungal potential becomes relevant. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effect of phenothiazines (promethazine and chlorpromazine) on C. neoformans/C. gattii planktonic cells and biofilms. In vitro planktonic susceptibility testing was performed using the broth microdilution assay. The effect of phenothiazines was evaluated against biofilm formation and mature Cryptococcus biofilms. Biofilm morphology and ultrastructure were also evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Promethazine and chlorpromazine showed antifungal activity against planktonic cells, with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 8–32 μg/ml and 4–16 μg/ml, respectively. As for biofilm formation, phenothiazines reduced biomass by 60% and metabolic activity by 90% at 64 μg/ml; while in mature biofilms, reductions of 85% and 90% in biomass and metabolic activity, respectively, were observed at 1024 μg/ml. Promethazine and chlorpromazine were also able to disrupt and fragment biofilms. In conclusion, promethazine and chlorpromazine have antifungal activity against planktonic cells and biofilms of Cryptococcus spp. These data show the potential of promethazine and chlorpromazine as antibiofilm drugs.

scholarly journals Effects of changes in culture conditions on the virulence and antifungal susceptibility of dairy cow mastitis fungal isolates

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Yue ◽  
Shengyan Ma ◽  
Xiaoyu Wang ◽  
Xuezhang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Cell Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Phospholipase Activity ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility

Abstract Background: In recent years, the number of incidences of dairy cow mastitis caused by non-albicans Candida (NAC) have increased owing to the virulence factors, including cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) and phospholipase activity, of the causative agents, namely, Candida krusei and Candida parasitica. Temperature and pH changes in the cow's udder after fungal infection and unreasonable medication can affect the antifungal susceptibility of Candida spp. and their expression of virulence factors. Methods: In this study, the effects of different temperatures and pH on the virulence of NAC strains were tested, and the in vitro susceptibility of the fungal strains to Cu2+ and antibacterial agents were examined. Besides, the changes in the virulence factors of Candida spp., including biphasicity, hemolytic activity, CSH, and phospholipase activity under these test conditions were investigated, and the internal relationship between these factors was analyzed. Results: The results showed that the virulence factors and antifungal susceptibility of Candida spp. could be altered through changes in various physiological conditions. Both temperature and pH were noted to be important factors affecting Candida growth, antifungal susceptibility, and expression of virulence factors. Cu2+ inhibited the growth and virulence factors expression of Candida spp., whereas antibacterial agents directly promoted the growth of Candida spp., making them resistant, which is one of the reasons for breast inflammation symptoms in cows. Conclusions: These results on virulence factors, antifungal susceptibility, and physiological characteristics of NAC provide a theoretical basis for understanding and treating dairy cow mastitis caused by NAC.

scholarly journals In vitro inhibitory effect of statins on planktonic cells and biofilms of the Sporothrix schenckii species complex

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 838-843
Author(s):  
Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira Brilhante ◽  
Xhaulla Maria Quariguasi Cunha Fonseca ◽  
Vandbergue Santos Pereira ◽  
Géssica dos Santos Araújo ◽  
Jonathas Sales de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Sporothrix Schenckii ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Planktonic Cells ◽  
Complex Species ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Coa Reductase

Introduction. Sporotrichosis, caused by species of the Sporothrix schenckii complex, is the most prevalent subcutaneous mycosis in many areas of Latin America. Statins are a class of drugs widely used for lowering high sterol levels through their action on 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, a key enzyme in the synthesis of sterol. Aim. In this study, the antifungal activity of statins (simvastatin, atorvastatin, pravastatin) against planktonic cells and biofilms of S. schenckii complex species was evaluated, as well as the interaction of pravastatin with classical antifungals (amphotericin B, itraconazole, terbinafine). Methodology. Eighteen strains of Sporothrix species were used. The antifungal susceptibility assay was performed using the broth microdilution method. Mature biofilms were exposed to statins and metabolic activity was measured by the XTT reduction assay. Results. MICs of statins ranged from 8 to 512 μg ml−1 and from 8 to 256 μg ml−1 for filamentous and yeast forms, respectively. Regarding mature biofilms, MICs of 50 % inhibition (SMIC50) were 128 μg ml−1 for simvastatin and atorvastatin and >2048 μg ml−1 for pravastatin. MICs of 90 % inhibition (SMIC90) were 512 μg ml−1 for simvastatin and >2048 μg ml−1 for atorvastatin and pravastatin. Conclusion. These results highlight the antifungal and antibiofilm potential of statins against S. schenckii complex species.

scholarly journals In VitroAnalyses of the Effects of Heparin and Parabens on Candida albicans Biofilms and Planktonic Cells

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa H. Miceli ◽  
Stella M. Bernardo ◽  
T. S. Neil Ku ◽  
Carla Walraven ◽  
Samuel A. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Planktonic Cells ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Heparin Sodium ◽  
The Individual

ABSTRACTInfections and thromboses are the most common complications associated with central venous catheters. Suggested strategies for prevention and management of these complications include the use of heparin-coated catheters, heparin locks, and antimicrobial lock therapy. However, the effects of heparin onCandida albicansbiofilms and planktonic cells have not been previously studied. Therefore, we sought to determine thein vitroeffect of a heparin sodium preparation (HP) on biofilms and planktonic cells ofC. albicans. Because HP contains two preservatives, methyl paraben (MP) and propyl paraben (PP), these compounds and heparin sodium without preservatives (Pure-H) were also tested individually. The metabolic activity of the mature biofilm after treatment was assessed using XTT [2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide] reduction and microscopy. Pure-H, MP, and PP caused up to 75, 85, and 60% reductions of metabolic activity of the mature preformedC. albicansbiofilms, respectively. Maximal efficacy against the mature biofilm was observed with HP (up to 90%) compared to the individual compounds (P< 0.0001). Pure-H, MP, and PP each inhibitedC. albicansbiofilm formation up to 90%. A complete inhibition of biofilm formation was observed with HP at 5,000 U/ml and higher. When tested against planktonic cells, each compound inhibited growth in a dose-dependent manner. These data indicated that HP, MP, PP, and Pure-H havein vitroantifungal activity againstC. albicansmature biofilms, formation of biofilms, and planktonic cells. Investigation of high-dose heparin-based strategies (e.g., heparin locks) in combination with traditional antifungal agents for the treatment and/or prevention ofC. albicansbiofilms is warranted.

scholarly journals The "in vitro" antifungal activity evaluation of propolis G12 ethanol extract on Cryptococcus neoformans

2007 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrício Freitas Fernandes ◽  
Amanda Latercia Tranches Dias ◽  
Cíntia Lacerda Ramos ◽  
Masaharu Ikegaki ◽  
Antonio Martins de Siqueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Standard Strain ◽  
Antiviral Activities ◽  
Prolonged Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Activity

Cryptococcosis is a worldwide disease caused by the etiological agent Cryptococcus neoformans. It affects mainly immunocompromised humans. It is relatively rare in animals only affecting those that have received prolonged antibiotic therapy. The propolis is a resin that can present several biological properties, including antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activities. The standard strain C. neoformans ATTC 90112 was used to the antifungal evaluation. The tests were realized with propolis ethanol extract (PEE) G12 in concentrations from 0.1 to 1.6 mg mL-1. The evaluation of MIC and MFC were done according to DUARTE (2002)5. The inhibitory effect of PEE G12 on the fungal growing was seen at the concentration of 0.2 mg mL-1 and 1.6 mg mL-1 was considered a fungicidal one.

scholarly journals Probiotic potential and safety characterization of Enterococcus hirae G24 isolated from indigenous raw goat milk

2020 ◽  
pp. 218-226
Author(s):  
Kamni Rajput ◽  
Ramesh Chandra Dubey
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Cell Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Enterococcus Hirae ◽  
Bacterial Cultures ◽  
Probiotic Potential

In this paper, an investigation on lactic acid bacterial isolates from ethnic goat raw milk samples were examined for their probiotic potential and safety parameters. For this purpose, isolated bacterial cultures were screened based on certain parameters viz., sugar fermentation, tolerance to temperature, salt, low pH, bile salts, and phenol resistance. After that, these bacterial cultures were more estimated in vitro for auto-aggregation, cell surface hydrophobicity, response to simulated stomach duodenum channel, antibiotic resistance, and antimicrobial activity. Besides, probiotic traits show the absence of gelatinase and hemolytic activity supports its safety. The isolate G24 showed good viability at different pH, bile concentration, phenol resistance and response to simulated stomach duodenum passage but it did not show gelatinase and hemolytic activities. Isolate G24 was susceptible to amikacin, carbenicillin, kanamycin, ciprofloxacin, co-trimazine, nitrofurantoin, streptomycin, and tetracycline. Isolate G24 also exhibited antimicrobial action against five common pathogenic bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Listeria monocytogens, and Salmonella typhimurium. It displayed the maximum auto-aggregation, cell surface hydrophobicity to different hydrocarbons. Following molecular characterization the isolate G24 was identified as Enterococcus hirae with 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogeny. E. hirae G24 bears the excellent properties of probiotics.

Inhibitory activity of isoniazid and ethionamide against Cryptococcus biofilms

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
pp. 827-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossana de Aguiar Cordeiro ◽  
Rosana Serpa ◽  
Francisca Jakelyne de Farias Marques ◽  
Charlline Vládia Silva de Melo ◽  
Antonio José de Jesus Evangelista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Cell Membrane Permeability ◽  
Planktonic Cells ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Antituberculosis Drugs ◽  
Opportunistic Mycoses ◽  
Cryptococcus Spp

In recent years, the search for drugs to treat systemic and opportunistic mycoses has attracted great interest from the scientific community. This study evaluated the in vitro inhibitory effect of the antituberculosis drugs isoniazid and ethionamide alone and combined with itraconazole and fluconazole against biofilms of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. Antimicrobials were tested at defined concentrations after susceptibility assays with Cryptococcus planktonic cells. In addition, we investigated the synergistic interaction of antituberculosis drugs and azole derivatives against Cryptococcus planktonic cells, as well as the influence of isoniazid and ethionamide on ergosterol content and cell membrane permeability. Isoniazid and ethionamide inhibited both biofilm formation and viability of mature biofilms. Combinations formed by antituberculosis drugs and azoles proved synergic against both planktonic and sessile cells, showing an ability to reduce Cryptococcus biofilms by approximately 50%. Furthermore, isoniazid and ethionamide reduced the content of ergosterol in Cryptococcus spp. planktonic cells and destabilized or permeabilized the fungal cell membrane, leading to leakage of macromolecules. Owing to the paucity of drugs able to inhibit Cryptococcus biofilms, we believe that the results presented here might be of interest in the designing of new antifungal compounds.

scholarly journals Chrysin-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles Potentiates Antibiofilm Activity against Staphylococcus aureus

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Busi Siddhardha ◽  
Uday Pandey ◽  
K. Kaviyarasu ◽  
Rajasekharreddy Pala ◽  
Asad Syed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Cell Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Growth Curve Analysis ◽  
Biofilm Development

The application of nanotechnology in medicine is gaining popularity due to its ability to increase the bioavailability and biosorption of numerous drugs. Chrysin, a flavone constituent of Orocylumineicum vent is well-reported for its biological properties. However, its therapeutic potential has not been fully exploited due to its poor solubility and bioavailability. In the present study, chrysin was encapsulated into chitosan nanoparticles using TPP as a linker. The nanoparticles were characterized and investigated for their anti-biofilm activity against Staphylococcus aureus. At sub-Minimum Inhibitory Concentration, the nanoparticles exhibited enhanced anti-biofilm efficacy against S. aureus as compared to its bulk counterparts, chrysin and chitosan. The decrease in the cell surface hydrophobicity and exopolysaccharide production indicated the inhibitory effect of the nanoparticles on the initial stages of biofilm development. The growth curve analysis revealed that at a sub-MIC, the nanoparticles did not exert a bactericidal effect against S. aureus. The findings indicated the anti-biofilm activity of the chrysin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles and their potential application in combating infections associated with S. aureus.

scholarly journals New Assay for Measuring Cell Surface Hydrophobicities of Candida dubliniensis andCandida albicans

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Jabra-Rizk ◽  
W. A. Falkler ◽  
W. G. Merz ◽  
T. F. Meiller
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Anaerobic Bacterium ◽  
Hydrophobic Interactions ◽  
Cell Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Pathogenic Yeast ◽  
Yeast Cell Surface ◽  
The Many

ABSTRACT Hydrophobic interactions, based on cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH), are among the many and varied mechanisms of adherence deployed by the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans. Recently it was shown that, unlike C. albicans, C. dubliniensisis a species that exhibits an outer fibrillar layer consistent with constant CSH. Previously, C. dubliniensis grown at 25 or 37°C was shown to coaggregate with the oral anaerobic bacteriumFusobacterium nucleatum. C. albicans, however, demonstrated similar coaggregation only when hydrophobic or grown at 25°C. This observation implied that coaggregation of Candida cells with F. nucleatum is associated with a hydrophobic yeast cell surface. To test this hypothesis, 42 C. albicans and 40 C. dubliniensis clinical isolates, including a C. albicans hydrophobic variant, were grown at 25 and 37°C and tested with the established hydrophobicity microsphere assay, which determines CSH levels based on the number of microspheres attached to the yeast cells. The coaggregation assay was performed in parallel experiments. All C. dubliniensis isolates grown at either temperature, hydrophobic 25°C-grown C. albicans isolates, and the C. albicans hydrophobic variant, unlike the 37°C-hydrophilic C. albicans isolates, exhibited hydrophobic CSH levels with the microsphere assay and simultaneously showed maximum, 4+, coaggregation with F. nucleatum. The parallel results obtained for C. dubliniensis using both assays support the use of the CoAg assay both as a rapid assay to determine CSH and to differentiate between C. dubliniensisand C. albicans.

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