scholarly journals Prevalence of HIV Antiretroviral Drug Resistance and Its Impacts on HIV-1 Virological Failures in Jiangsu, China: A Cross-Sectional Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zhou ◽  
Jing Lu ◽  
Jinge Wang ◽  
Hongjing Yan ◽  
Jianjun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Virological Failure ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Jiangsu Province ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv 1

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been shown to improve survival of patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection and to reduce HIV-1 transmission. Therefore, the Chinese central government initiated a national program to provide ART free of charge to HIV-1 patients. We conducted a cross-sectional survey in Jiangsu province to determine the level of drug resistance (DR) in HIV-1 infected patients and the correlates of DR in virological failures in 2012. Approximately 10.4% of the HIV-1 patients in the study experienced virological failure after one year of ART and were divided into drug sensitive and drug resistant groups based on genotype determination. The viral loads (VLs) in the drug resistant group were significantly lower than the drug sensitive group. There were two independent predictors of virological failure: male gender and increasing duration of treatment. The primary mutations observed in the study were against nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) which were M184V (79.45%) and K103N (33.70%) in nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). The overall rate of DR in Jiangsu province is still relatively low among treated patients. However, close monitoring of drug resistance in male patients in the early stages of treatment is vital to maintaining and increasing the benefits of HIV ART achieved to date.

scholarly journals Transmitted drug resistance and transmission clusters among HIV-1 treatment-naïve patients in Guangdong, China: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Lan ◽  
Linghua Li ◽  
Xiang He ◽  
Fengyu Hu ◽  
Xizi Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Transmitted Drug Resistance ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors ◽  
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Genetic Transmission ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract Background Transmitted drug resistance (TDR) that affects the effectiveness of the first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen is becoming prevalent worldwide. However, its prevalence and transmission among HIV-1 treatment-naïve patients in Guangdong, China are rarely reported. We aimed to comprehensively analyze the prevalence of TDR and the transmission clusters of HIV-1 infected persons before ART in Guangdong. Methods The HIV-1 treatment-naïve patients were recruited between January 2018 and December 2018. The HIV-1 pol region was amplified by reverse transcriptional PCR and sequenced by sanger sequencing. Genotypes, surveillance drug resistance mutations (SDRMs) and TDR were analyzed. Genetic transmission clusters among patients were identified by pairwise Tamura-Nei 93 genetic distance, with a threshold of 0.015. Results A total of 2368 (97.17%) HIV-1 pol sequences were successfully amplified and sequenced from the enrolled 2437 patients. CRF07_BC (35.90%, 850/2368), CRF01_AE (35.56%, 842/2368) and CRF55_01B (10.30%, 244/2368) were the main HIV-1 genotypes circulating in Guangdong. Twenty-one SDRMs were identified among fifty-two drug-resistant sequences. The overall prevalence of TDR was 2.20% (52/2368). Among the 2368 patients who underwent sequencing, 8 (0.34%) had TDR to protease inhibitors (PIs), 22 (0.93%) to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), and 23 (0.97%) to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). Two (0.08%) sequences showed dual-class resistance to both NRTIs and NNRTIs, and no sequences showed triple-class resistance. A total of 1066 (45.02%) sequences were segregated into 194 clusters, ranging from 2 to 414 sequences. In total, 15 (28.85%) of patients with TDR were included in 9 clusters; one cluster contained two TDR sequences with the K103N mutation was observed. Conclusions There is high HIV-1 genetic heterogeneity among patients in Guangdong. Although the overall prevalence of TDR is low, it is still necessary to remain vigilant regarding some important SDRMs.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing HIV Drug Resistance among Pregnant Women in Luanda, Angola: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Cruz S. Sebastião ◽  
Joana Morais ◽  
Miguel Brito
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Drug Resistance ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
High Educational

The increase in HIV infection and drug-resistant strains is an important public health concern, especially in resource-limited settings. However, the identification of factors related to the propagation of infectious diseases represents a crucial target offering an opportunity to reduce health care costs as well as deepening the focus on preventing infection in high-risk groups. In this study, we investigate the factors related to drug resistance among HIV-infected pregnant women in Luanda, the capital city of Angola. This was a part of a cross-sectional study conducted with 42 HIV-positive pregnant women. A blood sample was collected, and HIV-1 genotyping was carried out using an in-house method. Multivariate analyses were performed to determine the interaction between sociodemographic characteristics and drug resistance. HIV drug resistance was detected in 44.1% of the studied population. High probabilities of drug resistance were observed for HIV-infected pregnant women living in rural areas (AOR: 2.73; 95% CI: 0.50–14.9) with high educational level (AOR: 6.27; 95% CI: 0.77–51.2) and comorbidities (AOR: 5.47; 95% CI: 0.28–106) and infected with a HIV-1 non-B subtype other than subtype C (AOR: 1.60; 95% CI: 0.25–10.3). The present study reports high HIV drug resistance. Furthermore, older-age, rural areas, high educational levels, unemployed status, having comorbidities, and HIV-1 subtypes were factors related to drug resistance. These factors impact on drug susceptibility and need to be urgently addressed in order to promote health education campaigns able to prevent the spread of drug-resistant HIV strains in Angola.

scholarly journals Primary HIV drug resistance among newly HIV type-1 diagnosed patients in St. Petersburg

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-79
Author(s):  
Thierry Ingabire ◽  
A. V. Semenov ◽  
E. V. Esaulenko ◽  
E. B. Zueva ◽  
A. N. Schemelev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Direct Sequencing ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Virus ◽  
Primary Drug Resistance ◽  
Hiv 1

There is concern that the widespread use of antiretroviral drugs (ARV) to treat human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection may result in the emergence of transmission of drug-resistant virus among persons newly infected with HIV-1. Russia is one of a growing number of countries in the world where drug-resistant HIV is becoming a serious health problem because it has the potential to compromise the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy (ART) at the population level.Materials and methods. We performed a genetic analysis of the HIV-1 plasma derived pol gene among the newly diagnosed ART-naïve HIV-1 infected patients during the period from November 2018 to October 2019 in the St. Petersburg Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital named after S.P. Botkin. We used reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) followed by direct sequencing of PCR products to determine the prevalence of primary drug resistance (PDR) conferring mutations. HIV-1 genotypes were determined by phylogenetic analysis.Results. The predominant HIV-1 subtype was A1 (87.2%), followed by B (11.8%) and CRF06_cpx (1%). The overall prevalence of PDR was 11%. Virus with known resistance-conferring mutations to any nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) was found in 8 individuals, to any non NRTIs in 5 subjects, and to any protease inhibitors in 1 case. Multidrug-resistant virus was identified in 2 individuals (2%).Conclusion. The distribution of HIV-1 genotypes in St. Petersburg, Russia is diverse. The emerging prevalence of PDR in ART-naïve patients demonstrates the significance of constant monitoring due to the challenges it presents towards treatment.

scholarly journals HIV Drug Resistance Mutations in Patients with HIV and HIV-TB Coinfection After Failure of First-Line Therapy: A Prevalence Study in a Resource-Limited Setting

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 232595821984906
Author(s):  
Nawaid Hussain Khan ◽  
Mikashmi Kohli ◽  
Kartik Gupta ◽  
Bimal Kumar Das ◽  
Ravindra Mohan Pandey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors ◽  
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors ◽  
First Line Therapy ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Limited Setting

Introduction: The present study aimed to report the prevalent HIV-1 drug-resistant mutations in patients with HIV-1 alone and tuberculosis (TB) coinfection alone to improve our understanding of the mutation patterns and aid treatment decisions. Methods: Patients with HIV-1 and HIV-TB on treatment for more than 1 year with suspected failure were recruited. Sequencing of protease and two-thirds of the region of reverse transcriptase gene was done for drug-resistant mutations. Results: In the HIV-TB group (n = 25), 88%, 92%, and 12% had mutations to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), and protease inhibitors (PIs), respectively. In the HIV-alone group (n = 25), 84%, 100%, and 4% had mutations to NRTIs, NNRTIs, and PIs, respectively. M184V, M41L, D67N, G190A, A98G, and K103N were the most common mutations seen. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of drug-resistant mutations in HIV and HIV-TB coinfected patients.

scholarly journals Impact of pretreatment low-abundance HIV-1 drug-resistant variants on virological failure among HIV-1/TB-co-infected individuals

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 3319-3326
Author(s):  
Benjamin Chimukangara ◽  
Jennifer Giandhari ◽  
Richard Lessells ◽  
Nonhlanhla Yende-Zuma ◽  
Benn Sartorius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Virological Failure ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Ngs ◽  
Ngs Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Objectives To determine the impact of pretreatment low-abundance HIV-1 drug-resistant variants (LA-DRVs) on virological failure (VF) among HIV-1/TB-co-infected individuals treated with NNRTI first-line ART. Methods We conducted a case–control study of 170 adults with HIV-1/TB co-infection. Cases had at least one viral load (VL) ≥1000 RNA copies/mL after ≥6 months on NNRTI-based ART, and controls had sustained VLs <1000 copies/mL. We sequenced plasma viruses by Sanger and MiSeq next-generation sequencing (NGS). We assessed drug resistance mutations (DRMs) using the Stanford drug resistance database, and analysed NGS data for DRMs at ≥20%, 10%, 5% and 2% thresholds. We assessed the effect of pretreatment drug resistance (PDR) on VF. Results We analysed sequences from 45 cases and 125 controls. Overall prevalence of PDR detected at a ≥20% threshold was 4.7% (8/170) and was higher in cases than in controls (8.9% versus 3.2%), P = 0.210. Participants with PDR at ≥20% had almost 4-fold higher odds of VF (adjusted OR 3.7, 95% CI 0.8–18.3) compared with those without, P = 0.104. PDR prevalence increased to 18.2% (31/170) when LA-DRVs at ≥2% were included. Participants with pretreatment LA-DRVs only had 1.6-fold higher odds of VF (adjusted OR 1.6, 95% CI 0.6–4.3) compared with those without, P = 0.398. Conclusions Pretreatment DRMs and LA-DRVs increased the odds of developing VF on NNRTI-based ART, although without statistical significance. NGS increased detection of DRMs but provided no additional benefit in identifying participants at risk of VF at lower thresholds. More studies assessing mutation thresholds predictive of VF are required to inform use of NGS in treatment decisions.

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