scholarly journals Community-Based Diabetes Screening and Risk Assessment in Rural West Virginia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjita Misra ◽  
Cindy Fitch ◽  
David Roberts ◽  
Dana Wright
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Family History ◽  
High Risk ◽  
West Virginia ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rural West Virginia

This project utilized a cross-sectional study design to assess diabetes risk among 540 individuals from 12 counties using trained extension agents and community organizations in West Virginia. Individuals were screened for diabetes using (1) the validated 7-item diabetes risk assessment survey and (2) hemoglobin A1c tests. Demographic and lifestyle behaviors were also collected. The average age, body mass index, and A1c were51.2±16.4,31.1±7.5, and5.8±0.74, respectively. The majority were females, Non-Hispanic Whites with no prior diagnosis of diabetes. Screenings showed that 61.8% of participants were at high risk for diabetes. Family history of diabetes (siblings or parents), overweight or obese status, sedentary lifestyle, and older age were commonly prevalent risk factors. Higher risk scores computed from the 7-item questions correlated positively with higher A1c (r=0.221,P<0.001). In multivariate logistic regression analyses, higher diabetes risk was predicted by obesity, older age, family history of hypertension, and gestational diabetes. Females were 4 times at higher risk than males. The findings indicated that community-based screenings were an effective way to assess diabetes risk in rural West Virginia. Linking diabetes screenings with referrals to lifestyle programs for high risk individuals can help reduce the burden of diabetes in the state.

scholarly journals Interaction Analysis of Lipid Accumulation Product and Family History of Diabetes on Impaired Fasting Glucose and Diabetes Risk in Population with Normotension in Eastern China: A Community-based Cross-sectional Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Shu ◽  
Yingying Zhao ◽  
Yanqi Shen ◽  
Xiaolu Li ◽  
Mengting Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Impaired Fasting Glucose ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
Lipid Accumulation Product ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background: Lipid accumulation product (LAP) is considered to be a new convenient useful indicator to assess the visceral fat. However, the association between LAP and family history of diabetes remains an undetermined concept. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the risk factors of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and diabetes, and explore the possible interacting influences of LAP with other factors on the risk of IFG and diabetes among Chinese normotension adults.Methods: A multistage stratified cluster sampling method was conducted to select urban residents aged 45-86 years in Bengbu, China. For each eligible participant, data on questionnaire survey, anthropometric measurements and laboratory tests were obtained. LAP was calculated and divided into four categories according to quartile. The effects of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist to height ratio (WHtR) and LAP for predicting IFG and diabetes were performed by multiple logistic regressions and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses. The interaction effects were evaluated by relative excess risk of interaction (RERI), attributable proportion due to interaction (AP) and synergy index (SI). If the 95% CI of RERI and AP do not include 0, the 95% CI of SI do not include 1, the interactions are statistically significant. Results: 6467 normotension subjects (2695 men and 3772 women) were enrolled in our study, the prevalence of IFG and diabetes were 9.37% and 14.33%, respectively. It was revealed that the prevalence rates of IFG and diabetes were gradually increased according to increasing LAP quartiles (P for trend <0.001). When assessed using ROC curve analysis, LAP exhibited higher diagnostic accuracy for identifying IFG and diabetes than BMI, the area under the AUC curve was 0.650 (95% CI: 0.637 to 0.662). After adjustment for age, sex, educational level and other confounding factors, multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that subjects with the fourth quartile of LAP were more likely to develop IFG (adjusted OR: 2.735, 95% CI: 1.794-4.170) and diabetes (adjusted OR: 1.815, 95% CI: 1.297-2.541) than those with the first quartile. A significant interaction between LAP and family history of diabetes was observed in participants (RERI=1.538, 95%CI: 0.167 to 3.612; AP=0.375, 95%CI: 0.118 to 0.631; SI=1.980, 95%CI: 1.206 to 3.251), but there is no statistically significant difference between LAP and general obesity. However, a significant interaction between LAP and abdominal obesity was indicated by the value of RERI (1.492, 95%CI: 0.087 to 3.723) and AP (0.413, 95%CI: 0.014 to 0.756), but not the value of SI (1.824, 95%CI: 0.873 to 3.526). Conclusion: LAP significantly associates with IFG and diabetes risk in the study population, it has better performance than BMI, WC and WHtR. Apart from that, our results also demonstrated that there might be synergistic effect between LAP and family history of diabetes on the risk of IFG and diabetes.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Diabetes and Its Determinants in the Young Adults Indian Population-Call for Yoga Intervention

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghuram Nagarathna ◽  
Parul Bali ◽  
Akshay Anand ◽  
Vinod Srivastava ◽  
Suchitra Patil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
Parental History ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
History Of

BackgroundThe young Indian population, which constitutes 65% of the country, is fast adapting to a new lifestyle, which was not known earlier. They are at a high risk of the increasing burden of diabetes and associated complications. The new evolving lifestyle is not only affecting people’s health but also mounting the monetary burden on a developing country such as India.AimWe aimed to collect information regarding the prevalence of risk of diabetes in young adults (&lt;35 years) in the 29 most populous states and union territories (7 zones) of India, using a validated questionnaire.MethodsA user-friendly questionnaire-based survey using a mobile application was conducted on all adults in the 29 most populous states/union territories of India, after obtaining ethical clearance for the study. Here, we report the estimation of the prevalence of the risk of diabetes and self-reported diabetes on 58,821 young individuals below the age of 35 years. Risk for diabetes was assessed using a standardized instrument, the Indian diabetes risk score (IDRS), that has 4 factors (age, family history of diabetes, waist circumference, and physical activity). Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used to check the correlations.ResultsThe prevalence of high (IDRS score &gt; 60), moderate (IDRS score 30–50), and low (IDRS &lt; 30) diabetes risk in young adults (&lt;35 years) was 10.2%, 33.1%, and 56.7%, respectively. Those with high-risk scores were highest (14.4%) in the Jammu zone and lowest (4.1%) in the central zone. The prevalence of self-reported diabetes was 1.8% with a small difference between men (1.7%) and women (1.9%), and the highest (8.4%) in those with a parental history of diabetes. The south zone had the highest (2.5%), and the north west zone had the lowest (4.4%) prevalence.ConclusionsIndian youth are at high risk for diabetes, which calls for an urgent action plan through intensive efforts to promote lifestyle behavior modifications during the pandemics of both communicable and noncommunicable diseases.

scholarly journals Prediction of the risk of developing diabetes mellitus among Bangladeshi adults by using risk assessment score

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Nazma Akter
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
History Of ◽  
Diabetes Risk Score

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered as one of the major health problems worldwide. The rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Bangladesh is primarily attributed to rapid urbanization and associated changes in lifestyle, such as sedentary lifestyle, higher calorie food intake and stressful life. Studies support the utilization of riskassessment scoring systems in quantifying individual’s risk for developing T2DM. Thus, a simple risk-assessment scoring system for early screening of T2DM among Bangladeshi adults will be beneficial to identify the high-risk adults and thus taking adequate preventive measures in combating DM.The purpose of the study was to calculate the risk assessment score of developing T2DM within 10 years among Bangladeshi adults. Methods: The cross-sectional observational study was carried out in the outpatient department (OPD) of Medicine, MARKS Medical College & Hospital, a tertiary care hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh from February 2018 to July 2018 among randomly sampled 205 adult subjects. Subjects undiagnosed with diabetes mellitus and had previous history of high blood glucose during pregnancy or other health examination (i.e. impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance or gestational diabetes mellitus) were included. From a review of literature regarding risk factors of developing DM in Bangladesh, the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) system was found to be more useful for the Bangladeshi adults. The Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) questionnaire was used to collect the data including demographic characteristics and different risk factors and to calculate total risk score for predicting the risk of developing T2DM within 10 years. Results: Among 205 subjects, male and female were 57.1% and 42.9% respectively. The Mean (±SD) age of the study subjects was 37.64±1.07 years. In this study, both non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors showed statistically significant association with the FINDRISC among Bangladeshi adults (p<0.05). There was a significant association among FINDRISC with history of previous high blood glucose, and treated hypertensive Bangladeshi adults.33.65% of the Bangladeshi adults had slightly elevated diabetes risk score (DRS). This study predicts that 17.55% of the Bangladeshi adults may have moderate to high risk to develop T2DM within the consecutive 10 years. Conclusion: This study provides a simple, feasible, non-invasive and convenient screening FINDRISC tool that identifies individuals at risk of having T2DM. People with high risk of DM should be referred for early intervention and changes to a healthy lifestyle and primary prevention to prevent or delay the onset of T2DM. Birdem Med J 2020; 10(1): 40-47

scholarly journals Importance of family history of diabetes in computing a diabetes risk score in Korean prediabetic population

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Morena Ustulin ◽  
Sang Youl Rhee ◽  
Suk Chon ◽  
Kyu Keung Ahn ◽  
Ji Eun Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Diabetes Risk Score

scholarly journals Adipocytokine Levels in Genetically High Risk for Type 2 Diabetes in the Indian Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Subhash Chandra Bose ◽  
Shachin K. Gupta ◽  
Prerna Vyas
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Family History ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Diabetes Group ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
History Of

Introduction. In view of the noteworthy role of adipocytokines in the onset of insulin resistance and diabetes in gene-knockout-rat-model-cell-line studies we aimed to study the influence of genetic predisposition for diabetes on adipocytokine levels and their role in building insulin-resistance-like environment well before the onset of diabetes; thus a hypothesis can be drawn on their role in developing diabetes in high risk population.Methods. Ages between 18 and 22 years were selected and divided into three groups. Group I(n=81): control group with no family history of diabetes. Group II(n=157): with one of their parents with history of type 2 diabetes. Group III(n=47): with both parents having history of type 2 diabetes. In all the groups we estimated fasting plasma glucose, insulin and adipocytokines like adiponectin, leptin, TNF-α, and IL-6.Results. Of all adipocytokines we observed significantly lower levels of adiponectin (8.7±1 μg/mL in group III and9.5±1.3 μg/mL group II) when compared to control (11.0±1.2 μg/mL;P<0.01)and it has strong correlation with family history of diabetes with Pearson’s coefficient of −0.502. Linear regression analysis showed significant negative association with HOMA-IR(P<0.01)and logistic regression analysis showed highest association with parental diabetes (P<0.01; OR .260, 95% CI .260–.468).Conclusion. Genetic predisposition for diabetes may influence adiponectin gene expression leading to decrease in its plasma concentration, which might play a key role in developing diabetes in near future.

scholarly journals Prevalence of pre-diabetes in adolescents aged 11-17 years with high risk factors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuppan Balamurugan ◽  
Rajangam Ponprabha ◽  
Veeramani Sivashankari
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Family History ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Acanthosis Nigricans ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mean Blood Glucose

Background: Obesity is a rising global epidemic in children which leads to pre-diabetes and overt diabetes. Identification at early stage helps in early intervention. This study was undertaken to study the prevalence of pre-diabetes in urban school going adolescents aged 11-17 years with high risk factors.Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted in Chennai, India between December 2011 and November 2012. Overweight or obese adolescents in the age group 11-17 years, either with family history of diabetes or acanthosis nigricans or both were included. After obtaining informed consent from parents, history was obtained in pre-tested questionnaire.Results: 148 adolescents were enrolled in the study (n=148), 71.62% were females, mean weight was 59.54±10.44 kg, mean height was 150.92±8.62 cm, mean BMI was 26.19±3.23 and mean blood glucose was 82.1 mg/dl. 60.81% of subjects were overweight and others obese. Girls had statistically significant higher mean weight and mean BMI than boys. 78.37% had acanthosis nigricans, 47.29% had family history of diabetes, 12.16% had pre-diabetes and the mean blood glucose in pre-diabetics was 104.9 mg/dl. Pre-diabetes was higher in adolescents with family history of diabetes (p=0.038).Conclusions: Recognition of risk of type 2 diabetes in the asymptomatic pre-diabetes phase needs to be emphasized and targeted screening of high risk children for pre-diabetes seems to be justified. The morbidity and mortality of youth onset type 2 diabetes can be reduced only by early detection and treatment.

scholarly journals Undiagnosed diabetes mellitus and related factors in East Gojjam (NW Ethiopia) in 2016: a community-based study

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amsalu Taye Wondemagegn ◽  
Habtamu Mellie Bizuayehu ◽  
Dagninet Derebe Abie ◽  
Getachew Mengistu Ayalneh ◽  
Tenaw Yimer Tiruye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Family History ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Undiagnosed Diabetes ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Undiagnosed Diabetes Mellitus

<em>Introduction</em>. Currently, diabetes is the second most common non-communicable disease (NCD) in Ethiopia. Its burden is 4.8% in this country, even though three quarter of its population live with undiagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM), which causes complications like heart failure, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys and nerves damages. Early detection of DM is vital for a timely intervention to prevent these life threatening complications. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of undiagnosed DM and related factors in East Gojjam, North West Ethiopia, in 2016. <br /><em>Materials and methods.</em> A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 757 individuals in East Gojjam from June to September 2016. The sampled population was selected using multi-stage cluster sampling method. Basic data were collected in Amharic (local language) and a pretested interviewer administered the questionnaire. Peripheral blood samples were collected by puncturing the ring finger in order to measure fasting blood glucose. Univarite and multivariate logistic regressions analysis were performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 20.0. <br /><em>Results</em>. The percentage of undiagnosed DM in the study area was 11.5% (95%CI=9.2, 13.7). The prevalence was 11.3% among male vs. 11.8% among female; 13.4% in urban areas vs. 10.3% in rural areas. The occurrence of undiagnosed DM was mainly associated with older age (AOR=5.99, 95%CI=1.54, 23.24), family history of diabetes (AOR=9.86, 95%CI=4.25, 22.89), history of gestational diabetes (AOR=3.01, 95%CI=1.17, 8.39) and sedentary behaviour &gt;4 hours per day (AOR=2.13, 95%CI=1.04, 4.34). Being non-smoker (AOR=0.05, 95%CI=0.01, 0.17) and unmarried (AOR=0.09, 95%CI=0.02, 0.42) were also predictive characteristics for undiagnosed DM in the study area. <br /><em>Conclusions</em>. In conclusion, this study revealed a relatively high prevalence of undiagnosed DM in the study area. The occurrence of undiagnosed DM was significantly higher when associated with the age of the participants, their marital status, history of hypertension, diabetes family history, history of gestational diabetes mellitus, current smoking practices and sedentary behaviour. Thus, efforts have to be made, particularly by the individuals involved in health practice, to early detect the disease and thereby initiate a suitable therapeutic service, before complications arise.

scholarly journals Community Based Screening for Diabetes and Prediabetes using the Indian Diabetes Risk Score among Adults in a Semi-Urban Area in Kathmandu, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
Vinutha Silvanus ◽  
N Dhakal ◽  
A Pokhrel ◽  
BK Baral ◽  
PP Panta
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Diabetes Risk Score

 Diabetes has been recognized as a “global health emergency” with an estimated 9% of adults being affected. However, about half of these adults remain undiagnosed. Conventional screening tools like fasting plasma glucose (FPG), oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT) and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) can be inconvenient and expensive in a community-based setting. The Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS) is a simple, non-invasive tool which has been validated for use in the Indian population. Age, abdominal obesity, family history of diabetes and physical activity levels have been weighted for a maximum score of 100. Persons with IDRS of <30 are categorized as low risk, 30-50 as medium risk and those with > 60 as high risk for diabetes. A community based, cross-sectional, analytical study was planned to assess the performance of IDRS among adults in a semi-urban area in Kathmandu, Nepal. A total of 256 (170 female, 86 male) persons without diabetes from 260 households were screened during the study period. A majority (46.09%) were classified as high risk, 44.53% as moderate risk and 9.38% as low risk for developing diabetes. Among them, 162 (63.28%) volunteered for definitive testing. The prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetes was 4.32% (95% CI: 1.75% to 8.70%) and 7.14% (95% CI: 3.89% to 12.58%) respectively. IDRS predicted the combined risk of diabetes and prediabetes with sensitivity of 84.21% and specificity of 55.24% in adults with score of 60 and above. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of IDRS for identifying diabetes and prediabetes was 0.69 as compared to the gold standard (2hour Plasma Glucose) AUC of 0.98. IDRS may be a suitable screening tool for diabetes and prediabetes in the adult Nepalese study population.

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