scholarly journals A Novel Application of Ti-Substituted Polyoxometalates: Anti-Inflammatory Activity in OVA-Induced Asthma Murine Model

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Li ◽  
Xiuzhu Gao ◽  
Jingmin Gu ◽  
Yuan Tian ◽  
Yaqing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Murine Model ◽  
Lung Inflammation ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Novel Approach

Objective. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder. Despite extensive researches into the treatment and management of it, current treatments and management strategies are still limited. The search for a novel approach to its treatments is urgently needed. Researches on the potential medical use of polyoxometalates (POMs) have already shown it has antiviral and antitumor bioactivities. But the effects of POM in immune systems are still largely unknown.Methods. In order to investigate the role of POM in the asthmatic disease, we used OVA-induced asthma murine model and observed the pathological changes between mice that received three different Ti-substituted POMs (0.3 μg per mouse per dose) when challenged with OVA. We also measured the type 2 cytokine expressions to reveal the potential mechanism.Results and Conclusions. Our results showed that two Ti-substituted POMs, K5H2[FeW11TiO40]·17H2O and K5H[H2ZnW11TiO40]·35H2O, could reduce OVA-induced lung inflammation, serum IgE level (around 2000 ng/mL to less than 1000 ng/mL), leukocytes infiltration in the lung, and cytokines levels (including IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and TNF-α) but Ti-centered POM K4[TiW12O40]·10H2O did not. Thus, Ti-substituted POMs may have pharmaceutical values especially in treatments for asthmatic diseases.

scholarly journals Imaging in polymyalgia rheumatica

Reumatismo ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Possemato ◽  
C. Salvarani ◽  
N. Pipitone
Keyword(s):  
Polymyalgia Rheumatica ◽  
Morning Stiffness ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Ct And Mri

Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is a chronic, inflammatory disorder of unknown cause clinically characterized by pain and prolonged morning stiffness affecting the shoulders and often the pelvic girdle and neck. Imaging has substantially contributed to defining PMR as a disease mainly involving extra-articular structures. This review article analyses the role of the different imaging techniques in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with PMR with particular emphasis on the role of ultrasound, PET/CT and MRI.

The Role of the Dental Professional in Diabetes Care

1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Varon ◽  
Lynn Mack-Shipman
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Dental Patient ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Dental Professional

Abstract Diabetes mellitus, specifically type 2 diabetes, is one of the major public health issues facing the world in the 21st Century. This article summarizes the rapid changes in the management of diabetes and its impact on dental practice. The reader will find many “hyperlinks” to other diabetes information on the Internet throughout this article as these links provide greater detail. The incidence of type 1 diabetes has increased slowly, while that of type 2 diabetes has increased explosively. The worldwide incidence of type 2 is likely to double by the year 2010 due in large part to changing lifestyles, longer life expectancy, and rapid growth of ethnic and racial populations that have high prevalence rates. There are 15.7 million people or 5.9% of the population in the United States who have diabetes. While an estimated 10.3 million have been diagnosed, it is unfortunate that 5.4 million people are not aware they have the disease. Diabetic dental patient management strategies are presented. Dental professionals are urged to remain current in their knowledge of this disease in order to provide proper care for their patients.

scholarly journals Ruxolitinib Ameliorates Airway Hyperresponsiveness and Lung Inflammation in a Corticosteroid-Resistant Murine Model of Severe Asthma

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hariharan Subramanian ◽  
Tanwir Hashem ◽  
Devika Bahal ◽  
Ananth K. Kammala ◽  
Kanedra Thaxton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Asthma ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Airway Hyperresponsiveness ◽  
Lung Inflammation ◽  
Janus Kinase ◽  
Asthma Prevalence ◽  
Asthma Patients ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Model Treatment

Asthma prevalence has increased considerably over the decades and it is now considered as one of the most common chronic disorders in the world. While the current anti-asthmatic therapies are effective for most asthma patients, there are 5-10% subjects whose disease is not controlled by such agents and they account for about 50% of the asthma-associated healthcare costs. Such patients develop severe asthma (SA), a condition characterized by a dominant Th1/Th17 cytokine response that is accompanied by Type 2 (T2)-low endotype. As JAK (Janus Kinase) signaling is very important for the activation of several cytokine pathways, we examined whether inhibition of JAKs might lessen the clinical and laboratory manifestations of SA. To that end, we employed a recently described murine model that recapitulates the complex immune response identified in the airways of human SA patients. To induce SA, mice were sensitized with house dust mite extract (HDME) and cyclic (c)-di-GMP and then subsequently challenged with HDME and a lower dose of c-di-GMP. In this model, treatment with the JAK inhibitor, Ruxolitinib, significantly ameliorated all the features of SA, including airway hyperresponsiveness and lung inflammation as well as total IgE antibody titers. Thus, these studies highlight JAKs as critical targets for mitigating the hyper-inflammation that occurs in SA and provide the framework for their incorporation into future clinical trials for patients that have severe or difficult-to manage asthma.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial peptides cause proinflammatory responses in the alveolar epithelium via FPR-1, MAPKs, and AKT: a potential mechanism involved in acute lung injury

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (5) ◽  
pp. L775-L786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Zhang ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Zhi-Cheng Yuan ◽  
Lu-Qi Dai ◽  
Ni Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Lung Inflammation ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Specific Inhibitor ◽  
Alveolar Epithelium ◽  
Formyl Peptide Receptor ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Alveolar Epithelial

Acute lung injury (ALI) is characterized by alveolar epithelial damage and uncontrolled pulmonary inflammation. Mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), including mitochondrial peptides [ N-formyl peptides (NFPs)], are released during cell injury and death and induce inflammation by unclear mechanisms. In this study, we have investigated the role of mitochondrial DAMPs (MTDs), especially NFPs, in alveolar epithelial injury and lung inflammation. In murine models of ALI, high levels of mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase 1 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were associated with lung injury scores and increased formyl peptide receptor (FPR)-1 expression in the alveolar epithelium. Cyclosporin H (CsH), a specific inhibitor of FPR1, inhibited lung inflammation in the ALI models. Both MTDs and NFPs upon intratracheal challenge caused accumulation of neutrophils into the alveolar space with elevated BALF levels of mouse chemokine KC, interleukin-1β, and nitric oxide and increased pulmonary FPR-1 levels. CsH significantly attenuated MTDs or NFP-induced inflammatory lung injury and activation of MAPK and AKT pathways. FPR1 expression was present in rat primary alveolar epithelial type II cells (AECIIs) and was increased by MTDs. CsH inhibited MTDs or NFP-induced CINC-1/IL-8 release and phosphorylation of p38, JNK, and AKT in rat AECII and human cell line A549. Inhibitors of MAPKs and AKT also suppressed MTD-induced IL-8 release and NF-κB activation. Collectively, our data indicate an important role of the alveolar epithelium in initiating immune responses to MTDs released during ALI. The potential mechanism may involve increase of IL-8 production in MTD-activated AECII through FPR-1 and its downstream MAPKs, AKT, and NF-κB pathways.

scholarly journals Role of epithelial ion transports in inflammatory bowel disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 310 (7) ◽  
pp. G460-G476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diogo Magalhães ◽  
José Miguel Cabral ◽  
Patrício Soares-da-Silva ◽  
Fernando Magro
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Ionic Transport ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Potassium Secretion ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder with a complex pathogenesis. Diarrhea is a highly prevalent and often debilitating symptom of IBD patients that results, at least in part, from an intestinal hydroelectrolytic imbalance. Evidence suggests that reduced electrolyte absorption is more relevant than increased secretion to this disequilibrium. This systematic review analyses and integrates the current evidence on the roles of epithelial Na+-K+-ATPase (NKA), Na+/H+ exchangers (NHEs), epithelial Na+ channels (ENaC), and K+ channels (KC) in IBD-associated diarrhea. NKA is the key driving force of the transepithelial ionic transport and its activity is decreased in IBD. In addition, the downregulation of apical NHE and ENaC and the upregulation of apical large-conductance KC all contribute to the IBD-associated diarrhea by lowering sodium absorption and/or increasing potassium secretion.

scholarly journals The role of lymphocyte-monocyte ratio on ankylosing spondylitis diagnosis and sacroiliac arthritis staging

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Yuan Yuan ◽  
Xiaxia Jin ◽  
Guoguang Lu
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disorder

Abstract Background: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS)is a chronic inflammatory disorder involving the sacroiliac joints, lumbar spine, thoracic spine and even cervical spine, and could leading to disability due to the failure of timely treatment. Therefore, early diagnosis is essential to for AS treatment. The lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR) is a systemic inflammatory and immunological indicator for prediction of disease development and progression. However, its role in AS remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of LMR in AS diagnosis, disease activity classification and sacroiliac arthritis staging. Methods: Seventy-eight AS patients and 78 sex-age-matched healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled in this study. The diagnosis of AS was performed according to the New York criteria, whereas the staging of sacroiliac arthritis of AS patients was determined by X-ray examination.Comparison of between AS patients and HCs and between patients with high and low stages on LMR levels and other laboratory indicators were carried out. Results: A higher level of NLR, RDW, PLR, MPV, ESR, CRP and lower level of RBC, Hb, Hct, LMR, ALT, AST, TBIL and A/G were noted in the AS patients compared to HCs. A positive correlation was observed between LMR and RBC, Hb, Hct and A/G, while negative correlation was found between LMR and NLR, PLR, AST, TBIL (P< 0.05). The ROC curve showed that the area under the curve of LMR was 0.803(95%CI =0.734-0.872), with a sensitivity and specificity of 62.8% and 87.2%,and the AUC (95%CI) for ESR, CRP and LMR in the combined diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis were 0.975(0.948-1.000),with the sensitivity and specificity of 94.9% and 97.4% .Levels of WBC and NLR were higher in high X-ray stage patients, whereas levels of LMR was lower (P<0.05) and statistical differences were observed of LMR values among different stages (P<0.05). Conclusions: Our study suggested that LMR is an important inflammatory marker that can be used to diagnosis AS and identify disease activity and X-ray stage of sacroiliac arthritis in AS patients.

scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory Treatment and Cardiovascular Outcomes: Results of Clinical Trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto J Lorenzatti
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Plaque Formation ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Phase Iii Clinical Trials ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the vasculature where cholesterol accumulates in the arterial wall stimulating infiltration of immune cells. This plays an important role in plaque formation, as well as complications caused by its build up. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines are implicated throughout the progression of the disease and different therapies that aim to resolve this chronic inflammation, reduce cardiovascular (CV) events and improve clinical outcomes have been tested. The results from the pivotal CANTOS trial show that targeting the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β successfully reduces the incidence of secondary CV events. This review briefly assesses the role of inflammation in atherosclerosis, providing a picture of the multiple players involved in the process and offering a perspective on targeting inflammation to prevent atherosclerotic CV events, as well as focusing on the results of the latest Phase III clinical trials.

scholarly journals Smoking and Periodontitis Can Play a Synergistic Role in the Development of Psoriasis: A Nationwide Cohort Study

Dermatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ju Hee Han ◽  
Jin Woo Park ◽  
Kyung Do Han ◽  
Jun Beom Park ◽  
Miri Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
National Health Insurance System ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Korean National Health Insurance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Increase In Risk

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder involving the periodontium. The precise nature of the association between periodontitis and psoriasis has not been determined. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> This nationwide population-based study investigated the relationship between periodontitis and the risk of psoriasis. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A health screening database, which is a sub-dataset of the Korean National Health Insurance System database, was used in this study. Subjects with (<i>n</i> = 1,063,004) and without (<i>n</i> = 8,655,587) periodontitis who underwent health examinations from January to December 2009 were followed for 9 years. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In multivariable analysis, compared to the non-periodontitis group, periodontitis patients had a significantly higher risk of developing psoriasis (hazard ratio 1.116, 95% confidence interval 1.101–1.13). Non-smokers with periodontitis had an 11% increase in risk of psoriasis and smokers with periodontitis had a 26.5% increase in risk of psoriasis compared to non-smokers without periodontitis. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Our study highlights periodontitis as a potential independent risk factor for psoriasis, increasing awareness of the synergistic role of smoking and periodontitis in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.

scholarly journals Diffusion Lung Capacity of Carbon Monoxide: A Novel Marker of Airways Remodeling in Asthmatic Children?

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. ar.2012.3.0033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio L. Piacentini ◽  
Giovanna Tezza ◽  
Elena Cattazzo ◽  
Ahmad Kantar ◽  
Vincenzo Ragazzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Asthmatic Children ◽  
Lung Capacity ◽  
Noninvasive Markers ◽  
Free Environment

Asthma is universally considered a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways. Several noninvasive markers, such as exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and exhaled breath temperature (PletM), have been proposed to evaluate the degree of airway inflammation and remodeling in asthmatic children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between diffusion lung capacity of carbon monoxide (DLCO) and these inflammatory markers in asthmatic children. We compared data of FeNO, PletM, and DLCO collected in 35 asthmatic children at admission (T0) and discharge (T1) after a period spent in a dust-mite–free environment (Misurina, Italian Dolomites, 1756 m). PletM showed a reduction from 29.48°C at T0 to 29.13°C at T1 (p = 0.17); DLCO passed from 93 to 102 (p = 0.085). FeNO mean value was 29.7 ppb at admission and 18.9 ppb at discharge (p = 0.014). Eosinophil mean count in induced sputum was 4 at T0 and 2 at T1 (p = 0.004). Spearman standardization coefficient beta was 0.414 between eosinophils and FeNO and −0.278 between eosinophils and DLCO. Pearson's correlation index between DLCO and PletM was −0.456 (p = 0.019). A negative correlation between DLCO and PletM was found. However, DLCO did not show a significant correlation with FeNO and eosinophils in the airways. Additional studies are needed to clarify the role of DLCO as a potential tool in monitoring childhood asthma.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document