scholarly journals Trends in Summer Season Climate for Eastern Europe and Southern Russia in the Early 21st Century

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria G. Lebedeva ◽  
Olga V. Krymskaya ◽  
Anthony R. Lupo ◽  
Yury G. Chendev ◽  
Alexandr N. Petin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Recent Decade ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Circulation Types ◽  
Central Chernozem Region ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
Central Chernozem

The goal of this research is to evaluate changes in temperature and precipitation in the Central Chernozem Region of southwestern Russia during the summer and relate these to large-scale circulation types and synoptic circulation processes. Some of these circulation regimes result in extreme weather conditions over the region. Using a classification system for Northern Hemisphere large-scale flow regimes and observations of weather within the Central Chernozem Region, the role of individual synoptic patterns in the formation of weather anomalies was identified. Also, comparing the periods 1981–2010 and 1971–2000, the mean summer temperatures increased by 0.6°C regionally. During the most recent decade the increase was 1.3°C. Total precipitation for the summer increased over the 20th century and was characterized by less variability during the second half when compared to the first half. However, in the beginning of the 21st century, precipitation has decreased during the growing season, but variability has increased. The increase in summer temperatures and increased variability in precipitation were then linked to an increase in the occurrence of weather regimes associated with warm anomalies and blocking. Finally, the results of this study can be used to translate larger-scale seasonal or climate forecasts to the regional scale.

scholarly journals A High-Speed, Light-Weight Scalar Magnetometer Bird for km Scale UAV Magnetic Surveying: On Sensor Choice, Bird Design, and Quality of Output Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 649
Author(s):  
Arne Døssing ◽  
Eduardo Lima Simoes da Silva ◽  
Guillaume Martelet ◽  
Thorkild Maack Rasmussen ◽  
Eric Gloaguen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Output Data ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Flexible System ◽  
Scalar Data

Magnetic surveying is a widely used and cost-efficient remote sensing method for the detection of subsurface structures at all scales. Traditionally, magnetic surveying has been conducted as ground or airborne surveys, which are cheap and provide large-scale consistent data coverage, respectively. However, ground surveys are often incomplete and slow, whereas airborne surveys suffer from being inflexible, expensive and characterized by a reduced signal-to-noise ratio, due to increased sensor-to-source distance. With the rise of reliable and affordable survey-grade Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), and the developments of light-weight magnetometers, the shortcomings of traditional magnetic surveying systems may be bypassed by a carefully designed UAV-borne magnetometer system. Here, we present a study on the development and testing of a light-weight scalar field UAV-integrated magnetometer bird system (the CMAGTRES-S100). The idea behind the CMAGTRES-S100 is the need for a high-speed and flexible system that is easily transported in the field without a car, deployable in most terrain and weather conditions, and provides high-quality scalar data in an operationally efficient manner and at ranges comparable to sub-regional scale helicopter-borne magnetic surveys. We discuss various steps in the development, including (i) choice of sensor based on sensor specifications and sensor stability tests, (ii) design considerations of the bird, (iii) operational efficiency and flexibility and (iv) output data quality. The current CMAGTRES-S100 system weighs ∼5.9 kg (including the UAV) and has an optimal surveying speed of 50 km/h. The system was tested along a complex coastal setting in Brittany, France, targeting mafic dykes and fault contacts with magnetite infill and magnetite nuggets (skarns). A 2.0 × 0.3 km area was mapped with a 10 m line-spacing by four sub-surveys (due to regulatory restrictions). The sub-surveys were completed in 3.5 h, including >2 h for remobilisation and the safety clearance of the area. A noise-level of ±0.02 nT was obtained and several of the key geological structures were mapped by the system.

Native Americans and Cities

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas G. Rosenthal
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
American Indians ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Monumental Architecture ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Indian Country ◽  
Important Relationship ◽  
The Early 21St Century

An important relationship has existed between Native Americans and cities from pre-Columbian times to the early 21st century. Long before Europeans arrived in the Americas, indigenous peoples developed societies characterized by dense populations, large-scale agriculture, monumental architecture, and complex social hierarchies. Following European and American conquest and colonization, Native Americans played a crucial role in the development of towns and cities throughout North America, often on the site of former indigenous settlements. Beginning in the early 20th century, Native Americans began migrating from reservations to U.S. cities in large numbers and formed new intertribal communities. By 1970, the majority of the Native American population lived in cities and the numbers of urban American Indians have been growing ever since. Indian Country in the early 21st century continues to be influenced by the complex and evolving ties between Native Americans and cities.

Future changes of circulation types associated with extremes over Sweden

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicitas Hansen ◽  
Danijel Belusic ◽  
Klaus Wyser
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Global Climate Model ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Circulation Types ◽  
Precipitation And Temperature

<p>The large-scale atmospheric circulation is one of the most important factors influencing weather and climate conditions on different timescales. Its short- and long-term changes considerably determine both mean and extreme values of surface parameters like temperature or precipitation rates. Future changes of circulation patterns are of particular interest as these may significantly alter or amplify the expected thermodynamic changes due to changing concentrations of greenhouse gases, albedo and land use. We analyse both historical as well as future climate simulations of the SMHI large ensemble (S-LENS) performed with the EC-Earth3 global climate model to examine large-scale circulation situations and their association to extremes in precipitation and temperature over Sweden. Various methods exist to classify mostly sea level pressure or geopotential height fields into characteristic circulation types, and we compare several of these methods for their applicability to represent precipitation and temperature variability over our region of interest. S-LENS consists of a 50-member ensemble for a historical period (1970-2014) and four 50-member climate change scenario ensembles covering the 21st century differing in terms of assumptions made for future radiative forcing development. We study the efficiency of circulation types in the historical period to give rise to extremes, and examine further the frequency and within-type changes of those circulation types associated with extremes by the middle and the end of the 21st century under the different climate change scenarios. S-LENS with its comparatively large number of both multi-decadal scenarios and realizations for each scenario serves as a perfect testbed to study potential changes in events of low frequency within the environment of a single model.</p>

scholarly journals Female festive costume of the Khanty and Mansi in the late 20th — early 21st century: dynamics and functions

2021 ◽  
pp. 162-172
Author(s):  
A.A. Bogordayeva
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
West Siberia ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Common Elements ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
North West ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
The Common

In order to determine dynamics and causes of transformation of everyday dress into a festive costume, specifics and functions of the women’s costume of the Khanty and Mansi have been studied. Towards this, the comparative-typological method was employed to study the costume composition, its local features, and differences with respect to the traditional everyday dresses, and the functions of the costume were determined. The study is based upon the materials of ethnographic expeditions carried out in the 1990s–2010s in the regions occupied by the Ob Ugric population (North-West Siberia and Northern Trans-Urals). It has been ascertained that the festive costume commonly comprised a dress, a breast decoration, and a shawl, and in its local variants it was complemeted by other items. The costume was all-season and had common and local elements. The common elements include multi-completeness (it consists of several items), variability according to weather conditions, use of silk and woolen fabrics and beads. The local specifics are manifetsed in the costume composition, silhouette variability, and techniques of decoration. In the end of the 20th — beginning of the 21st century, traditional clothing of the Khanty and Mansi changed in the appearance due to the use of modern synthetic materials (it changed the colour, sillhuette, means and techniques of decoration) and became merely festive. To the large extent those changes were caused by the industrial development on the territory occupied by the Ob Ugric population in the last quarter of the 20th century, and later by the cultural, social, and economic transformations in Russia. The range of use of the traditional clothing shrank due to the spread of factory-made clothing. The growing interest to the ethnic culture stimulated demand for the national costume. It has become made from import synthetic fabrics, because the home-produced cotton fabrics disappeared from the shops. New fabrics changed the appearance of the clothing and its function, as it became merely festive.

scholarly journals Delineating Efficient Cropping Zones of Potato and Chilli in Tamilnadu

2020 ◽  
pp. 143-154
Author(s):  
T. Sankar ◽  
N. Kowshika
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Cultivable Land ◽  
Relative Spread

Potato and Chilli are the most significant horticultural vegetable crops commercially cultivated in both field level and homestead gardening. India is leading producer of chilli and 2nd leading of potato in the world, but inadequate storage and huge unpredictable weather  conditions leads to loses. This study was done to analyse trend changes in area, production and productivity over 30 years study period (1985-2015) and also identify Efficient Cropping zones of potato and chillies, at district level for Tamil Nadu during 2000-2015, in order to venture the hotspots of 21st century. Results of trend analysis revealed   that potato production was decreasing till early 21st century and thereafter increasing gradually   with respect to cropping area and chilli showed reduction in production over the years. Relative Yield Index (RYI) and Relative Spread Index (RSI) were used to figured out potential cropping districts for both crops over Tamil Nadu. Dindigul, Erode and Krishnagiri    districts were found to be efficient cropping zone, while Nilgiris is sole district of Most Efficient Cropping Zone (MECZ) for potato. Virudhunagar district has been the Most Efficient  Cropping Zone for chilli crop, while Ramanathapuram, Sivagangai, Tirunelveli, and Thoothukkudi districts were identified as potential efficient zone (ECZs) in Tamil Nadu. Hence, this paper attempts to identify the hotspot area and to study the deviation in cultivable land, production and productivity of the crops where farmers are facing most of the problems. The climate change scenarios could influence crop cultivation, and this paper is evident on the changes in efficient cropping zones.

scholarly journals ATHENA PASHKO. UNUSUAL THOUGHTS ABOUT UNUSUAL WORLDVIEW AND POETRY OF PASSIONARY PERSONALITY

2021 ◽  
pp. 214-229
Author(s):  
Pavlo Yamchuk
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
State Building ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Terra Incognita ◽  
Conceptual Connection ◽  
Artistic Image ◽  
Poetic Visions ◽  
The Universe

The proposed article outlines the multifold semiosphere of understanding the worldview and poetics of the bright creator of the figurative word of the second half of the 20th – early 21st century – Athena Pashko. In the universe of her personality, the deep rootedness in the whole worldview-aesthetic discourse is organically combined with the specific need and ability to actualize this discourse in the Ukrainian semiosphere. The images and poetic visions created by the poetess pave a unique bridge from the «past to the future» (D. Humenna’s statement). The actual dominant of the proposed study is the study in the phenomenon of Athena Pashko specific ancient union of artistic image-meaning with the universe of the author’s personality. This dichotomous unity is recorded in the reflections and memories of contemporaries about her extraordinary personality. Attention is paid to the musicality of A. Pashko’s works and their agreement with the musicality of P. Tychyna’s poetics. Such harmony is based on the medieval-baroque aesthetics of Ukrainian music by D. Bortnyanskyi, A. Wedel and large-scale perspectives in the 21st century. A special dominant of the article, which determines the worldview-poetic universals relevant for the present and prospects, is the discourse of concordances between spiritual-intellectual phenomena of V. Svidzinskyi, P. Tychyna, V. Stus and A. Pashko. The outlined multidimensional discourse is still terra incognita in philosophical-Ukrainian studies and in particular literary studies. The article notes that the world of ideas and actions of A. Pashko as a passionary person is an unknown perspective field in the context of understanding the prospects for the revival of the Ukrainian state and the semiosphere of state formation as its ideological basis. In conceptual connection, the ideological world of A. Pashko is studied, which appears in correspondence with her husband V. Chornovil, analytical memoirs of M. Kotsiubynska, S. Kyrychenko, where philosophical and state-building dominants of the «Sixtiers» are interpreted as sources of poetics of their work and worldview.

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