Multi-scalar data integration links glomerular angiopoietin-tie signaling pathway activation with progression of diabetic kidney disease

Diabetes is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease. Prognostic biomarkers reflective of underlying molecular mechanisms are critically needed for effective management of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). In the Clinical Phenotyping and Resource Biobank study, an unbiased, machine learning approach identified a three-marker panel from plasma proteomics which, when added to standard clinical parameters, improved the prediction of outcome of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) or 40% decline in baseline glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in a discovery DKD group (N=58) and was validated in an independent group (N=68) who also had kidney transcriptomic profiles available. Of the three markers, plasma angiopoietin 2 (ANGPT2) remained significantly associated with composite outcome in 210 Chinese Cohort Study of Chronic Kidney Disease participants with DKD. The glomerular transcriptional Angiopoietin/Tie (ANG-TIE) activation scores, derived from the expression of 154 literature-curated ANG-TIE signaling mediators, positively correlated with plasma ANGPT2 levels and outcome, explained by substantially higher TEK receptor expression in glomeruli and higher ANG-TIE activation scores in endothelial cells in DKD by single cell RNA sequencing. Our work suggests that activation of glomerular ANG-TIE signaling in the kidneys underlies the association of plasma ANGPT2 with disease progression, thereby providing potential targets to prevent DKD progression.

Ranking based RPL for Multipoint-to-Point Multi-modal Data Communication in IoT Network.

IPv6 Routing Protocol for low power and lossy networks (RPL) is a standardized and default routing protocol for low power lossy networks. However, this is basically designed for sensor networks with scalar data and not optimised for the networks with multi-modal sensors. The data rate of each multi-modal sensor varies based on various applications. RPL suffers from packet drops and re-transmissions which results in packet loss and energy consumption in case of multi-modal data transmission. Hence, the routing strategy implemented in RPL needs better scheduling strategy at parent node for forwarding packets based on various parameters. In this paper, relevant Objective Functions for multi-modal sensor data communication is proposed based on various parameters identified and a weighted ranking based scheduling strategy is proposed for multi-modal data communication called R-RPL. The goal of proposed ranking based RPL (R-RPL) is to increase the throughput and reduce the loss in terms of energy and delay based on proposed scheduling strategy for parent selection. The performance of the proposed R-RPL is evaluated in the contiki based Cooja simulator and compared with RPL protocol. The analysis shows that the R-RPL performs better compared to RPL with respect to packet delivery ratio and energy consumption.

What Can We Learn from the Functional Clustering of Mortality Data? An Application to the Human Mortality Database

This study analyzed whether there are different patterns of mortality decline among low-mortality countries by identifying the role played by all the mortality components. We implemented a cluster analysis using a functional data analysis (FDA) approach, which allowed us to consider age-specific mortality rather than summary measures, as it analyses curves rather than scalar data. Combined with a functional principal component analysis, it can identify what part of the curves is responsible for assigning one country to a specific cluster. FDA clustering was applied to the data from 32 countries in the Human Mortality Database from 1960 to 2018 to provide a comprehensive understanding of their patterns of mortality. The results show that the evolution of developed countries followed the same pattern of stages (with different timings): (1) a reduction of infant mortality, (2) an increase of premature mortality and (3) a shift and compression of deaths. Some countries were following this scheme and recovering the gap with precursors; others did not show signs of recovery. Eastern European countries were still at Stage (2), and it was not clear if and when they will enter Stage 3. All the country differences related to the different timings with which countries underwent the stages, as identified by the clusters.

Relação do uso e da ocupação do município de Águas Lindas e seus impactos ambientais

As mudanças no uso e cobertura da terra provocam impactos nas paisagens e gera problemas ambientais. Nesse sentido, considerando o município de Águas Lindas – GO, o objetivo deste trabalho é: analisar o uso e cobertura da terra; identificar as áreas suscetíveis a erosão e avaliar a perda de solos. Para a análise do uso e cobertura da terra utilizou-se a base digital do Projeto MapBiomas no período de 1985 a 2017. A suscetibilidade erosiva foi feita pelo método Analystic Hierarchy Process (AHP), onde se analisou as variáveis ambientais (uso e ocupação do solo, geologia, geomorfologia, classes de solo e declividade) com dados multi-escalar, obtidos no Sistema Estadual de Geoinformação de Goiás (SIEG). A equação universal de perdas de solo (USLE) foi utilizada para estimar as perdas provocadas pelas erosões laminar e em sulcos, em relação ao clima, solo, topografia, uso e manejo do solo. Os resultados mostram que o processo de conversão foi constante até 1995 com 49% de cobertura natural e 49% de antrópica. A partir de 1995 a perda anual de áreas naturais do município foi cerca de 3%. A análise da suscetibilidade erosiva do munícipio é muito forte. A perda de solos variaram de 0 a 135 ton/ha.ano no município (nula a forte). As atividades agropastoris e urbana se desenvolveram de forma que intensificaram o processo de degradação do solo. Entende-se que são necessárias mobilizações, fiscalizações e sensibilização nas formas de uso e ocupação do solo, contribuindo para o bem social e ambiental. Relationship to the use and occupation of Águas Lindas City and its environmental impacts A B S T R A C TChanges in land use and land cover impacts landscapes and environmental problems. In this sense, considering the municipality of Águas Lindas - GO, the objective of this paper is: to analyze land use and land cover; identify areas susceptible to erosion and assess soil loss. For the analysis of land use and land cover, the digital basis of the MapBiomas Project was used from 1985 to 2017. Erosion susceptibility was made by the Analystic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, which analyzed the environmental variables (land use and occupation). soil, geology, geomorphology, soil classes and slope) with multi-scalar data obtained from the Goiás State Geoinformation System (SIEG). The universal soil loss equation (USLE) was used to estimate the losses caused by laminar and furrow erosion in relation to climate, soil, topography, soil use and management. The results show that the conversion process was constant until 1995 with 49% of natural cover and 49% of anthropic. From 1995 the annual loss of natural areas of the municipality was about 3%. The analysis of the erosive susceptibility of the municipality is very strong. Soil loss ranged from 0 to 135 tons / ha. year in the municipality (zero to strong). Agropastoral and urban activities developed in a way that intensified the process of soil degradation. It is understood that mobilization, supervision and sensitization in the forms of land use and occupation are necessary, contributing to the social and environmental good.Keywords: Land use and land cover; erosive susceptibility; soil loss; mitigation environmental impacts.

WMSN: ANALYSIS OF AGRICULTURAL SOIL ENVIRONMENT MONITORING USING WIRELESS MULTIMEDIA SENSOR NETWORK

This paper proposes an environmental monitoring for agriculture soil using Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network. WMSN is used to monitor the agriculture soil environment. In order to ensure optimal use of the sensor nodes in WMSN and accurate access to the collected data, the routing protocols with both energy efficiency and quality of service ( QoS) properties are necessary for the transmission of photo, video and scalar data. This paper proposes a priority aware energy efficient QoS based data transmission for agriculture soil environment and also detects the pest. It utilizes the available bandwidth and data rate in the best way and in order to be more energy efficient during data transmission. For performance analysis, the proposed system is simulated using Java and the results of the experiments suggest that the proposed algorithm is more efficient compared to other methods in terms of delay and energy consumption. The sink node provides the solution based on these collected values.

AMS of strained shales fragments: a fast way to quantify the matrix damage

<p>With the objective of mapping strain on the footwall of a thrust in an orogenic context (Leyre thrust, South Pyrenean Range), more than 1500 unoriented shale fragments (0.7-6.2 g) have been collected. Scalar data (degree of anisotropy P and shape parameter T), together with ellipse of confidence of individual axes provide a proxy of strain acquired by shales in the footwall of the main thrust (Saur et al. 2020).</p><p>Normally, sampling is done by two methods: collecting oriented decimetric hand specimens; or drilling 2.5 cm diameter cylinders. This presents the advantage to deal with oriented samples. However, those techniques are time consuming and it is difficult to collect numerous samples in loose materials such as shales. On the contrary, collecting rock fragments presents the net advantage to provide a much better statistical characterization of the site.</p><p>All samples belong to the Eocene shaly formations from the Jaca Basin. Rock fragments are mostly fractured according to the bedding and/or cleavage surfaces. We demonstrate that the anisotropy parameters P and T maintain their values, regardless the shape and size of fragments. Rock magnetism indicates that AMS is primarily governed by illite, with little contribution of magnetite. AMS provides therefore a proxy of illite organisation within the matrix.</p><p>In the footwall of the Sierra de Leyre we have defined up to 7 parallel sampling sections, whose traces are perpendicular to the direction of the main thrust. On average, each section is made up of about 10 sampling sites and about 15 fragments are collected per site, covering a few square meters.</p><p>We are restricted by the dimensions of AGICO holders (8cm<sup>3</sup> for cubes, or 10 cm<sup>3</sup> for cylinders). It is possible to use an empty 10 cm<sup>3</sup> cylinder, which can be filled with smaller fragments of rock. The automatic rotator allows a fast and precise description of the AMS tensor. We removed from analysis low susceptibility, carbonate-rich samples, that show a higher variety of magnetic minerals. All sites present homogenous results at the site scale, but with significant differences with respect to strain. P and T parameters are very sensitive to strain as illite is the dominant carrier. In addition, the ellipse of confidence of the minimum AMS axis (K3) provides a sensitive proxy to characterize the competition between bedding and cleavage.</p><p>The comparison between the different sections allows to map the areas of damage linked to the propagation of faults associated with the folds. 5 stages of development of the magnetic fabric allows the detection of damage gradients. The mapping has allowed the identification of hidden faults.    </p><p>This new approach is very promising, and allows much more detailed samplings in difficult areas, providing more robust statistical description of scalar AMS data. This methodology could be useful for the study of outcrops that are difficult to access, and more interestingly, from borehole cuttings.</p>

Forest Fire Detection Using Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks and Image Compression

Recently, the issue of multimedia sensors received considerable critical attention, that led to the apparition of Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs) WMSN that different from wireless sensor networks (WSN) by using multimedia sensors that can process video, audio, image data besides scalar data and send it to station base (SB). Multimedia data have a big volume bigger than scalar data and need more resources and consumed more energy. The ideal solution to solve the problems of WMSN (big volume, energy consumption) is data compression. Forest plays a critical role in our daily life we can summarize the importance of forests in human life. Among the most dangerous events the forest fires that happen because of natural or Man-made. Many methods used to detect forest fires the newest are: wireless multimedia sensor networks. Our system of detecting forest fire has been developed using a wireless multimedia senor network with two types of sensors (scalar, images). In the first phase when the scalar sensors detected a high temperature its announced alarm to activate the image sensors. In the second phase for detecting fire the image sensors, we used image processing tools. When the zone of fire in the image captured was detected the phase of compression started using the down sampling method. the final phase is transmission data to the station base using the grid chain transmission protocol technique, which allows a critical optimization of energy consumption. So, maximizing network life. The competence of the proposed system is achieved by minimizing size of image transmitted with grid chain routing protocol.

A High-Speed, Light-Weight Scalar Magnetometer Bird for km Scale UAV Magnetic Surveying: On Sensor Choice, Bird Design, and Quality of Output Data

Magnetic surveying is a widely used and cost-efficient remote sensing method for the detection of subsurface structures at all scales. Traditionally, magnetic surveying has been conducted as ground or airborne surveys, which are cheap and provide large-scale consistent data coverage, respectively. However, ground surveys are often incomplete and slow, whereas airborne surveys suffer from being inflexible, expensive and characterized by a reduced signal-to-noise ratio, due to increased sensor-to-source distance. With the rise of reliable and affordable survey-grade Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), and the developments of light-weight magnetometers, the shortcomings of traditional magnetic surveying systems may be bypassed by a carefully designed UAV-borne magnetometer system. Here, we present a study on the development and testing of a light-weight scalar field UAV-integrated magnetometer bird system (the CMAGTRES-S100). The idea behind the CMAGTRES-S100 is the need for a high-speed and flexible system that is easily transported in the field without a car, deployable in most terrain and weather conditions, and provides high-quality scalar data in an operationally efficient manner and at ranges comparable to sub-regional scale helicopter-borne magnetic surveys. We discuss various steps in the development, including (i) choice of sensor based on sensor specifications and sensor stability tests, (ii) design considerations of the bird, (iii) operational efficiency and flexibility and (iv) output data quality. The current CMAGTRES-S100 system weighs ∼5.9 kg (including the UAV) and has an optimal surveying speed of 50 km/h. The system was tested along a complex coastal setting in Brittany, France, targeting mafic dykes and fault contacts with magnetite infill and magnetite nuggets (skarns). A 2.0 × 0.3 km area was mapped with a 10 m line-spacing by four sub-surveys (due to regulatory restrictions). The sub-surveys were completed in 3.5 h, including >2 h for remobilisation and the safety clearance of the area. A noise-level of ±0.02 nT was obtained and several of the key geological structures were mapped by the system.

Security Framework for Smart Visual Sensor Networks

Due to the significance of image data over the scalar data, the camera-integrated wireless sensor networks have attained the focus of researchers in the field of smart visual sensor networks. These networks are inexpensive and found wide application in surveillance and monitoring systems. The challenge is that these systems are resource deprived systems. The visual sensor node is typically an embedded system made up of a light weight processor, low memory, low bandwidth transceiver, and low-cost image sensor unit. As these networks carry sensitive information of the surveillance region, security and privacy protection are critical needs of the VSN. Due to resource limited nature of the VSN, the image encryption is crooked into an optimally lower issue, and many findings of image security in VSN are based on selective or partial encryption systems. The secure transmission of images is more trivial. Thus, in this chapter, a security frame work of smart visual sensor network built using energy-efficient image encryption and coding systems designed for VSN is presented.

Security Framework for Smart Visual Sensor Networks

Due to the significance of image data over the scalar data, the camera-integrated wireless sensor networks have attained the focus of researchers in the field of smart visual sensor networks. These networks are inexpensive and found wide application in surveillance and monitoring systems. The challenge is that these systems are resource deprived systems. The visual sensor node is typically an embedded system made up of a light weight processor, low memory, low bandwidth transceiver, and low-cost image sensor unit. As these networks carry sensitive information of the surveillance region, security and privacy protection are critical needs of the VSN. Due to resource limited nature of the VSN, the image encryption is crooked into an optimally lower issue, and many findings of image security in VSN are based on selective or partial encryption systems. The secure transmission of images is more trivial. Thus, in this chapter, a security frame work of smart visual sensor network built using energy-efficient image encryption and coding systems designed for VSN is presented.