Design and Analysis of Thinned Array Pattern Reconfigurable Antenna to Enlarge the Scanning Range

A novel thinned array with symmetric distribution along the array center is proposed in this paper. The proposed symmetric thinned array is based on the theory of unequally spaced array and the amplitude of each element in the array can be changed by introducing the weighted function. The pattern of the proposed array can be properly adjusted by changing the weighted function and the amplitude of the weighted factor, which obviously releases new degrees of freedom in array design. It has advantages such as low side lobe level (SLL) in the visible region, no grating lobes, and low nearby side lobe level (NSL), which has good potential for wide-angle scanning. Both simulation and experiment have been done; the experiment results show that, by applying this novel symmetric thinned array with pattern reconfigurable quasi-Yagi antenna, the scanning range of the array is −70°~70° inH-plane with SLL almost −10 dB below the maximum of the main beam. The 3 dB beam-width coverage is −86°~86°, which means that the proposed array can realize the entire upper-space beam coverage and restrain the SLL at the same time.

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On the Trade-Off between the Main Parameters of Planar Antenna Arrays

Electronics ◽

10.3390/electronics9050739 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 739

Author(s):

Daniele Pinchera

Keyword(s):

Antenna Arrays ◽

Beam Width ◽

Side Lobe ◽

Side Lobe Level ◽

Planar Antenna ◽

Trade Off ◽

Planar Arrays ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Level Number ◽

Scanning Range

The aim of this paper is two-fold. First, the trade-off between directivity, beam-width, side-lobe-level, number of radiating elements, and scanning range of planar antenna arrays is reviewed, and some simple ready-to-use formulas for the preliminary dimensioning of equispaced planar arrays are provided. Furthermore, the synthesis of sparse planar arrays, and the issue of their reduction in directivity, is analyzed. Second, a simple, yet effective, novel approach to overcome the directivity issue is proposed. The presented method is validated by several synthesized layouts; the examples show that it is possible to synthesize sparse arrays, able to challenge with equispaced lattices in terms of directivity, with a significant reduction of the number of radiators.

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Conformal Array Pattern Synthesis Using a Hybrid WARP/2LB-MOPSO Algorithm

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation ◽

10.1155/2012/202906 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Roghieh Karimzadeh Baee ◽

Keyvan Forooraghi ◽

Somayyeh Chamaani

Keyword(s):

Degrees Of Freedom ◽

Mutual Coupling ◽

Side Lobe ◽

Penalty Functions ◽

Main Beam ◽

Side Lobe Level ◽

Initial Population ◽

Pattern Synthesis ◽

Conformal Array ◽

Multiobjective Particle Swarm Optimization

This paper addresses conformal array synthesis as a constrained multiobjective optimization problem. Simultaneous reduction of side lobe level (SLL) and cross-polarization (XPL) level is aimed with a constraint on main beam direction. A hybrid of weighted alternating reverse projection (WARP) and two local best multiobjective particle swarm optimization (2LB-MOPSO) is proposed to optimize the pattern. First, the WARP method finds a moderate and feasible solution. Second, 2LB-MOPSO begins with an initial population including the solution of WARP and penalty functions for constraint handling. Involving WARP result in the initial population of 2LB-MOPSO leads to higher convergence rate, avoiding local extermum traps and less sensitivity to penalty functions. Compared to WARP method which stagnates rapidly, the proposed hybrid method gives better SLL and XPL after adequate iterations. In addition, as 2LB-MOPSO offers a set of optimum solutions (Pareto front) instead of a single solution, this method provides more degrees of freedom in selection of proper practical arrays. Finally, to examine the mutual coupling consideration in array design, the same procedure was applied ignoring the mutual coupling between elements. The results show that the SLL and XPL strongly depend on mutual coupling.

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Investigation on SIW Slot Antenna Array with Beam Scanning Ability

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation ◽

10.1155/2019/8293624 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yanfei Li ◽

Yang Li

Keyword(s):

Genetic Algorithm ◽

Antenna Array ◽

Antenna Arrays ◽

Beam Width ◽

Side Lobe ◽

Slot Antenna ◽

Main Beam ◽

Side Lobe Level ◽

Substrate Integrated Waveguide ◽

Beam Scanning

A sparse substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) slot antenna array and its application on phase scanning are studied in this paper. The genetic algorithm is used to optimize the best arrangement for 8-element and 7-element sparse arrays over an aperture of 4.5λ0. Antenna arrays with feeding networks, for steering the main beam pointing to 0° and −15°, are demonstrated with the SIW technology. The comparison between the sparse array and the conventional uniformly spaced array with the same aperture are presented, which suggest that the same beam width can be obtained with the gain decreased by 0.5 or 1 dBi and the number of element reduced by 2 or 3, respectively. The sparse antenna array with beam scanning ability presented in this paper shows that, while the beam scanning in the range of ±15°, the gain fluctuation is less than 0.3 dBi and the side lobe level is lower than −10 dB.

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Design and Analysis of Novel Fractal Linear and Planar Array Antennas for Satellite Applications

Advanced Electromagnetics ◽

10.7716/aem.v5i3.400 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 56 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

V. A. Sankar ◽

P. V. Y. Jayasree

Keyword(s):

Design Methodology ◽

Beam Width ◽

Side Lobe ◽

Circular Ring ◽

Geometric Design ◽

Side Lobe Level ◽

Array Antennas ◽

Repetitive Nature ◽

Satellite Applications ◽

Planar Array

This article proposed a new geometric design methodology for the systematic expansion of fractal linear and planar array antennas. Using this proposed geometric design methodology any deterministic polygon shape can be constructed. In this article, two element fractal linear and triangular array antennas are examined using proposed methodology up to four iterations of two expansion factors. Due to the repetitive nature of the proposed geometric design methodology, both linear and planar fractal arrays shows multi-beam behavior with excellent array factor properties. The behavior of the proposed arrays shows better performance than linear and planar fractal array antennas generated by concentric circular ring sub array geometric generator. Triangular planar fractal array of expansion factor two at fourth iteration achieved a single valued beam width of 3.80 with -31.6 side lobe level. The suggested fractal arrays are analyzed and simulated by MATLAB-13 programming.

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A Comparison of Swarm-Based Optimization Algorithms in Linear Antenna Array Synthesis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-233415/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ali Durmus ◽

Rifat KURBAN ◽

Ercan KARAKOSE

Keyword(s):

Antenna Array ◽

Radiation Pattern ◽

Antenna Arrays ◽

Heuristic Algorithms ◽

Beam Width ◽

Side Lobe ◽

Side Lobe Level ◽

Linear Antenna ◽

Half Power ◽

Antenna Array Synthesis

Abstract Today, the design of antenna arrays is very important in providing effective and efficient wireless communication. The purpose of antenna array synthesis is to obtain a radiation pattern with low side lobe level (SLL) at a desired half power beam width (HPBW) in far-field. The amplitude and position values of the array elements can be optimized to obtain a radiation pattern with suppressed SLLs. In this paper swarm-based meta-heuristic algorithms such as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Artificial Bee Colony (ABC), Mayfly algorithm (MA) and Jellyfish Search (JS) algorithms are compared to realize optimal design of linear antenna arrays. Extensive experiments are conducted on designing 10, 16, 24 and 32-element linear arrays by determining the amplitude and positions. Experiments are repeated 30 times due to the random nature of swarm-based optimizers and statistical results show that performance of the novel algorithms, MA and JS, are better than well-known methods PSO and ABC.

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QPSO for Synthesis of Scanned Linear Array Antenna for Fixed Side Lobe Level and First Null Beam Width Including Wide Null Placement

Intelligent Computing and Applications - Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing ◽

10.1007/978-81-322-2268-2_21 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 197-204

Author(s):

Hemant Patidar ◽

Gautam Kumar Mahanti

Keyword(s):

Linear Array ◽

Beam Width ◽

Side Lobe ◽

Array Antenna ◽

Side Lobe Level ◽

Null Placement

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Synthesis of linear array antenna for fixed level of side lobe level and first null beam width using particle swarm optimization

2013 International Conference on Communication and Signal Processing ◽

10.1109/iccsp.2013.6577058 ◽

2013 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shishir Kumar Singh ◽

Vavilapalli B. Chandrudu ◽

G. K. Mahanti

Keyword(s):

Particle Swarm Optimization ◽

Linear Array ◽

Particle Swarm ◽

Beam Width ◽

Side Lobe ◽

Array Antenna ◽

Side Lobe Level ◽

Swarm Optimization ◽

Fixed Level

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Low Side Lobe Tapered Slot Antenna with High Gain Using Gradient Refractive Index Metamaterial for Ultra Wideband Application

Advanced Electromagnetics ◽

10.7716/aem.v6i4.575 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 63-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. Singha ◽

D. Vakula

Keyword(s):

Refractive Index ◽

Beam Width ◽

Parallel Line ◽

Side Lobe ◽

High Gain ◽

Ultra Wideband ◽

Slot Antenna ◽

Side Lobe Level ◽

Beam Focusing ◽

Gradient Refractive Index

A broadband gradient refractive index (GRIN) metamaterial is used to improve the gain of the tapered slot antenna. The proposed metamaterial is capable of reducing the side lobe level of the antenna. The gradient refractive index (GRIN) metamaterial is constructed by using non-resonant parallel-line unit cells with different refractive index. Due to the non-resonant structure, the proposed unit cell exhibits low loss and large frequency bandwidth. The metamaterial, whose effective refractive index is lower than that of the substrate on which the antenna is printed. Therefore, the proposed metamaterial is act as a regular lens in beam focusing. The GRIN metamaterial is integrated in front of the antenna which has the capability to manipulate electromagnetic wave accurately. The measurement results indicate that the reflection coefficient of the antenna is below -10 dB over the frequency band from 3 to 11 GHz. The radiation pattern of the antenna shows the beam width becomes narrow and directive with low side lobe level. The peak gain is increased by 2.1 dB at 9.5 GHz.

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