Innate Immune Response of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Fibroblasts and Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Periodontopathogens

Periodontitis involves complex interplay of bacteria and host immune response resulting in destruction of supporting tissues of the tooth. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a role in recognizing microbial pathogens and eliciting an innate immune response. Recently, the potential application of multipotent stem cells and pluripotent stem cells including human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) in periodontal regenerative therapy has been proposed. However, little is known about the impact of periodontopathogens on hESC-derived progenies. This study investigates the effects of heat-killed periodontopathogens, namely,Porphyromonas gingivalisandAggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, on TLR and cytokine expression profile of hESC-derived progenies, namely, fibroblasts (hESC-Fib) and mesenchymal stem cells (hESC-MSCs). Additionally, the serotype-dependent effect ofA. actinomycetemcomitanson hESC-derived progenies was explored. Both hESC-Fib and hESC-MSCs constitutively expressedTLR-2andTLR-4. hESC-Fib upon exposure to periodontopathogens displayed upregulation of TLRs and release of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8). In contrast, hESC-MSCs were largely nonresponsive to bacterial challenge, especially in terms of cytokine production. Further, exposure of hESC-Fib toA. actinomycetemcomitansserotype c was associated with higher IL-8 production than serotype b. In contrast, the hESC-MSCs displayed no serotype-dependent response. Differential response of the two hESC progenies implies a phenotype-dependent response to periodontopathogens and supports the concept of immunomodulatory properties of MSCs.

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Peptidomimetic 1-Benzyl-5-methyl-4-(n-octylamino)pyrimidin-2(1H)-one Showed Cardioprotection Effect in a Myocardial Ischemia (MI) Mouse Model

Proceedings ◽

10.3390/proceedings2019022072 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 72

Author(s):

Lena Trifonov ◽

Vadim Nudelman ◽

Michael Zhenin ◽

Guy Cohen ◽

Krzysztof Jozwiak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Pattern Recognition ◽

Myocardial Ischemia ◽

Mouse Model ◽

Innate Immune Response ◽

Pattern Recognition Receptor ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Microbial Pathogens ◽

Toll Like Receptors ◽

Recognition Receptor

TLR4, a member of the toll-like receptors (TLRs) family, serves as a pattern recognition receptor in the innate immune response to different microbial pathogens. [...]

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The Regulation of the CNS Innate Immune Response Is Vital for the Restoration of Tissue Homeostasis (Repair) after Acute Brain Injury: A Brief Review

International Journal of Inflammation ◽

10.4061/2010/151097 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2010 ◽

pp. 1-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

M. R. Griffiths ◽

P. Gasque ◽

J. W. Neal

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Immune Response ◽

T Cell ◽

Innate Immune Response ◽

T Cell Activation ◽

Cell Activation ◽

Tissue Homeostasis ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Apoptotic Cells ◽

Treg Population

Neurons and glia respond to acute injury by participating in the CNS innate immune response. This involves the recognition and clearance of “not self ” pathogens and “altered self ” apoptotic cells. Phagocytic receptors (CD14, CD36, TLR–4) clear “not self” pathogens; neurons and glia express “death signals” to initiate apoptosis in T cells.The complement opsonins C1q, C3, and iC3b facilitate the clearance of apoptotic cells by interacting with CR3 and CR4 receptors. Apoptotic cells are also cleared by the scavenger receptors CD14, Prs-R, TREM expressed by glia. Serpins also expressed by glia counter the neurotoxic effects of thrombin and other systemic proteins that gain entry to the CNS following injury. Complement pathway and T cell activation are both regulated by complement regulatory proteins expressed by glia and neurons. CD200 and CD47 are NIRegs expressed by neurons as “don't eat me” signals and they inhibit microglial activity preventing host cell attack. Neural stem cells regulate T cell activation, increase the Treg population, and suppress proinflammatory cytokine expression. Stem cells also interact with the chemoattractants C3a, C5a, SDF-1, and thrombin to promote stem cell migration into damaged tissue to support tissue homeostasis.

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Irradiation Does Not Compromise or Exacerbate the Innate Immune Response in the Brains of Mice That Were Transplanted with Bone Marrow Stem Cells

Stem Cells ◽

10.1634/stemcells.2007-0508 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 25 (12) ◽

pp. 3165-3172 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Nicolas P. Turrin ◽

Marie-Michèle Plante ◽

Martine Lessard ◽

Serge Rivest

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Bone Marrow ◽

Immune Response ◽

Innate Immune Response ◽

Bone Marrow Stem Cells ◽

Innate Immune

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Obesity and COVID-19: Molecular Mechanisms Linking Both Pandemics

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21165793 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (16) ◽

pp. 5793 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Andreas Ritter ◽

Nina-Naomi Kreis ◽

Frank Louwen ◽

Juping Yuan

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Immune Response ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Systemic Inflammation ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Airway Epithelial Cells ◽

Metabolic Dysfunction ◽

Health Crisis ◽

Susceptible Population ◽

The Impact

The coronavirus disease 2019 COVID-19 pandemic is rapidly spreading worldwide and is becoming a major public health crisis. Increasing evidence demonstrates a strong correlation between obesity and the COVID-19 disease. We have summarized recent studies and addressed the impact of obesity on COVID-19 in terms of hospitalization, severity, mortality, and patient outcome. We discuss the potential molecular mechanisms whereby obesity contributes to the pathogenesis of COVID-19. In addition to obesity-related deregulated immune response, chronic inflammation, endothelium imbalance, metabolic dysfunction, and its associated comorbidities, dysfunctional mesenchymal stem cells/adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells may also play crucial roles in fueling systemic inflammation contributing to the cytokine storm and promoting pulmonary fibrosis causing lung functional failure, characteristic of severe COVID-19. Moreover, obesity may also compromise motile cilia on airway epithelial cells and impair functioning of the mucociliary escalators, reducing the clearance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Obese diseased adipose tissues overexpress the receptors and proteases for the SARS-CoV-2 entry, implicating its possible roles as virus reservoir and accelerator reinforcing violent systemic inflammation and immune response. Finally, anti-inflammatory cytokines like anti-interleukin 6 and administration of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells may serve as potential immune modulatory therapies for supportively combating COVID-19. Obesity is conversely related to the development of COVID-19 through numerous molecular mechanisms and individuals with obesity belong to the COVID-19-susceptible population requiring more protective measures.

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P67: The impact of triclocarban on oxidative stress and innate immune response in zebrafish embryos

American Journal of Reproductive Immunology ◽

10.1111/aji.66_12984 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 80 ◽

pp. 86-86

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Immune Response ◽

Innate Immune Response ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Zebrafish Embryos ◽

The Impact

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Bacterial lipids: powerful modifiers of the innate immune response

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.11388.1 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 1334 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Courtney E. Chandler ◽

Robert K. Ernst

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Immune System ◽

Innate Immune Response ◽

Lipoteichoic Acid ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Microbial Pathogens ◽

Host Immune System ◽

Receptor Proteins ◽

Bacterial Membranes ◽

Host Innate Immune Response

The innate immune system serves as a first line of defense against microbial pathogens. The host innate immune response can be triggered by recognition of conserved non-self-microbial signature molecules by specific host receptor proteins called Toll-like receptors. For bacteria, many of these molecular triggers reside on or are embedded in the bacterial membrane, the interface exposed to the host environment. Lipids are the most abundant component of membranes, and bacteria possess a unique set of lipids that can initiate or modify the host innate immune response. Bacterial lipoproteins, peptidoglycan, and outer membrane molecules lipoteichoic acid and lipopolysaccharide are key modulators of the host immune system. This review article will highlight some of the research emerging at the crossroads of bacterial membranes and innate immunity.

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Concise Review; Effects of Antibiotics and Antimycotics on the Biological Properties of Human Pluripotent and Multipotent Stem Cells

Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy ◽

10.2174/1574888x16999201203214425 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Author(s):

Maryam Farzaneh

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽

Disease Modeling ◽

Culture Media ◽

Embryonic Stem ◽

Great Promise ◽

Human Stem Cells ◽

Multipotent Stem Cells ◽

The Impact

Abstract:: Human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) including embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have the remarkable potential to self-renew and develop into various cell lineages. Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or multipotent stem cells that are present in various organs can self-renew and differentiate into multiple mesenchymal lineages. Both human PSCs and MSCs hold great promise in cell-based therapies, disease modeling, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine. Human stem cells must be cultured under the optimal conditions to use them in transplantology. Therefore, researchers must ensure the sterility of human stem cell lines. Bacterial contamination is a common problem in laboratories and major precautions are required to detect the types of microorganisms, eliminate, and prevent contamination in cell cultures. Stem cell culture media usually contains antibiotics and antimycotics such as penicillin-streptomycin (pen-strep), gentamicin, and amphotericin B (AmB) to avoid bacterial, fungal, and yeast contaminants. Numerous publications recognized the serious effect of antibiotics and antimycotics on in vitro properties of human stem cells, including proliferation, differentiation, survival, and genetic instability. This review study aimed to understand the impact of routinely used antibiotics and antimycotics such as pen-strep, gentamicin, and AmB on viability, proliferation, and functional properties (differentiation and pluripotency) of human PSCs and MSCs.

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