Short-Term Effects of Hydrokinesiotherapy in Hospitalized Preterm Newborns

Background. In the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) environment, preterm newborns are subject to environmental stress and numerous painful interventions. It is known that hydrokinesiotherapy promotes comfort and reduces stress because of the physiological properties of water.Objective. To evaluate the short-term effects of hydrokinesiotherapy on reducing stress in preterm newborns admitted to the NICU.Materials and Methods. Fifteen preterm newborns underwent salivary cortisol measurement, pain evaluation using the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS), and heart rate, respiratory rate, and peripheral oxygen saturation measurements before and after the application of hydrokinesiotherapy.Results. The mean gestational age of the newborns was34.2±1.66weeks, and the mean weight was1823.3±437.4 g. Immediately after application of hydrokinesiotherapy, a significant reduction was observed in salivary cortisol(p=0.004), heart rate(p=0.003), and respiratory rate(p=0.004)and a significant increase was observed in peripheral oxygen saturation(p=0.002). However, no significant difference was observed in the NIPS score(p>0.05).Conclusion. In the present study, neonatal hydrotherapy promoted short-term relief from feelings of stress. Neonatal hydrokinesiotherapy may be a therapeutic alternative. However, this therapy needs to be studied in randomized, crossover, and blinded trials. This trial is registered withNCT02707731.

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Changes in the physiological parameters of newborns in the first one hour of life

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20192751 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 1533

Author(s):

Shasidhar Reddy Y. ◽

Abdul Mohid Syed ◽

Gangadhar B. Belavadi

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Oxygen Saturation ◽

Mode Of Delivery ◽

Physiological Parameters ◽

Peripheral Oxygen Saturation ◽

College Hospital ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean

Background: The transition from a fetus to a newborn is the most complex adaptation that occurs in human experience. This study assessed three physiological parameters viz. temperature (core and peripheral), oxygen saturation and heart rate so as to avoid the delay in normal transitional adaptation.Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was done at Narayana Medical College Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India. A total of 150 neonates born from June 2017 to February 2018 were monitored for heart rate, oxygen saturation, core and peripheral temperature from birth to 60 minutes.Results: Most of the mother’s (45.33%) were aged between 22 to 25 years and the mean age was 23.75±3.64 years. History of consanguineous marriage was noted in 33.33%. The mode of delivery was vaginal in 70.67% of the babies. The mean gestational age was 38.74±1.36 weeks. The birth weight among 62% of the babies was between 2.5 to 3.49 Kgs and mean birth weight was 2.81±0.49 kgs. The meconium stained liquor and requirement of resuscitation was noted in 9.33% and 10.67% respectively.Conclusions: Significant difference was noted with regard to heart rate in babies with active resuscitation, low birth weight (<2.5 kg), meconium stained liquor and warmer care compared to normal babies. There was variation in oxygen saturation in babies who required resuscitation and warmer care, and those who had low birth weight. The mean peripheral and core temperature were different in babies with abdominal care compared to warmer care.

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Biomarcadores de estresse em recém-nascidos pré-termos expostos ao banho: estudo piloto

Online Brazilian Journal of Nursing ◽

10.17665/1676-4285.20185920 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 12

Author(s):

Patrícia De Freitas ◽

Amélia Fumiko Kimura

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Oxygen Saturation ◽

Salivary Cortisol ◽

Cortisol Concentration ◽

Routine Practice ◽

Preterm Newborn ◽

Stress Biomarkers ◽

The Mean ◽

Preterm Newborns ◽

Mean Heart Rate

Introduction: the corporal hygiene of the preterm newborn, although it is a recommended and routine practice, requires caution and safety for provoking disorganization in the autonomic system and homeostasis imbalance. Aim: to evaluate the variation of heart rate, oxygen saturation and salivary cortisol levels of preterm newborns submitted to conventional immersion baths and swaddled in sheets. Method: this is a randomized, pilot, cross-over clinical trial with 15 clinically stable preterm newborns. Results: the mean heart rate and oxygen saturation after the conventional immersion bath and swaddled in sheet did not present significant clinical and statistical differences. There was an increase in the salivary cortisol concentration when comparing the pre and post-bath values in the two bath techniques. Conclusion: there were no significant differences in stress biomarkers when comparing the two bathing techniques.

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A Comparative study between Dexmedetomidine versus Propofol for sedation in upper GI endoscopy procedure considering effect on intraoperative vital data, patient amnesia and onset of recovery after the procedure

QJM ◽

10.1093/qjmed/hcab086.025 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Eslam Ahmed Mohamed Elsamahi ◽

Bassem P Ghobrail ◽

Ghada Mohamed Samir ◽

Hany Victor Zaki

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Oxygen Saturation ◽

Respiratory Rate ◽

Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽

Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽

Day Case ◽

Upper Gi ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Upper Gi Endoscopy ◽

Upper Gastrointestinal

Abstract Background In the modern medicine, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy has become a definitive tool for diagnosis and management of many diseases. It is usually preformed in separate unit as day-case procedure and for outpatient clinic. The search of a safe and effective sedation for these patients is still an open topic. Objective The aim of the study is to compare the use of propofol and dexmedetomedine in upper GI endoscopy regarding the hemodynamics, sedative effect and the patient satisfaction. Methods Double – blinded, randomized controlled trial with allocation ratio 1:1 arranged in two parallel groups. This study was conducted in the endoscopy unit of Ainshams University Hospital, Cairo, Egypt within a period of 6 months started from April 2019. All recruited patients were adults undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. They were included in the study according to the following criteria: Age 21-60 years; elective procedures under general anesthesia with patients who completed eight hours of fasting; and physical Status: ASA I and II Patients after taking written and informed consent. Results Concerning the results of the study, there was no statistically significant difference considering the heart rate in relation to base line readings. The changes of heart rate between the two groups were significantly different with dexmedetomidine associated with lower readings. Respiratory rate and oxygen saturation were insignificantly different in both groups. Time of induction was significantly shorter in propofol than dexmedetomidine (P < 0.001) and time to reach full recovery identified by modified Alderete’s score 10/10 was significantly shorter in dexmedetomidine than propofol (P < 0.014). There was a significant difference between the two dugs concerning the patients and endoscopists satisfaction. The patients were more satisfied with propofol (P 0.047), while the endoscopists were more satisfied with dexmedetomidine (P 0.034). Conclusion Dexmedetomidine and propofol are equally effective and safe to provide enough sedation for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in a day-case manner. Advantages of dexmedetomidine were providing analgesic effect, rapid recovery from sedation and stability of respiratory rate and oxygen saturation. However, there were some disadvantages such as the bradycardia and patient dissatisfaction although the bradycardia can be utilized in cardiac patients as a safety factor against myocardial ischemia. Other point noticed that using dexmedetomidine for sedation was more costly than propofol and requires the usage of a syringe pump for accurate dosing. On the contrary, propofol is cheap and available in all centers with rabid onset of induction but it causes hypotension and respiratory depression which might be risky in cardiac patients.

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Memperbaiki Saturasi Oksigen, Frekuensi Denyut Jantung, dan Pernafasan Neonatus yang Menggunakan Ventilasi Mekanik Dengan Terapi Musik

Jurnal Keperawatan Indonesia ◽

10.7454/jki.v16i3.324 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 154-160 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rahmadevita S.A.M ◽

Yeni Rustina ◽

Elfi Syahreni

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Mechanical Ventilation ◽

Music Therapy ◽

Oxygen Saturation ◽

Respiratory Rate ◽

T Test ◽

P Value ◽

Respiratory Disorder ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Paired T Test

AbstrakNeonatus yang menggunakan ventilasi mekanik akibat gangguan pernapasan mengalami masalah oksigenisasi dan frekuensi denyut jantung. Berbagai upaya perlu dilakukan agar neonates tenang sehingga kebutuhan oksigen dapat diminimalkan, salah satu upaya tersebut adalah terapi musik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh terapi musik terhadap saturasi oksigen, frekuensi denyut jantung dan frekuensi pernafasan neonatus yang menggunakan ventilasi mekanik. Penelitian kuasi eksperimen dengan rancangan pretest-posttest without control meibatkan 13 neonatus yang dipilih secara konsekutif. Intervensi yang diberikan adalah terapi musik dengan Brahm’s Lullaby selama 30 menit dengan headphone. Pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi dan dianalisis dengan Paired t test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan bermakna antara rerata saturasi oksigen, frekuensi denyut jantung dan frekuensi pernafasan sebelum dan setelah pemberian terapi musik. Pada saturasi oksigen terjadi peningkatan, sedangkan pada frekuensi denyut jantung dan pernapasan mengalami penurunan. Terapi musik dapat digunakan sebagai pendamping terapi medis untuk memperbaiki oksigenisasi pada neonatus yang menggunakan ventilasi mekanik.Kata kunci: denyut jantung neonatus, pernapasan, saturasi oksigen, terapi musik, ventilasi mekanikAbstractImproving Oxygen Saturation, Heart Rate, and Respiratory Rate of Neonates Using Mechanical Ventilation with Music Therapy. Neonates using mechanical ventilation cause of respiratory disorder experience oxygenation and heart rate problems. Interventions should be made in order to calm neonates so that the need of oxygen can be minimized, one of these interventions is music therapy. This study aimed to identify the effect of music therapy on oxygen saturation, heart rate and respiratory rate of neonates using mechanical ventilation. This quasi experiment study with a pretest-posttest design without control involved 13 neonates selected by consecutive sampling. Data collected through observation and analyzed by paired t test. There was a significant difference on the average of oxygen saturation, heart rate and respiratory rate of infants using mechanical ventilation before and after music therapy (p value <0,05). Music therapy can be used as a complementary medical therapies to improve oxygenation in neonates using mechanical ventilation.Key words: heart rate, mechanical ventilation, music therapy, neonate, oxygen saturation, respiratory rate

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Kangaroo position: Immediate effects on the physiological variables of preterm and low birth weight newborns

Fisioterapia em Movimento ◽

10.1590/1980-5918.030.s01.ao21 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (suppl 1) ◽

pp. 219-227

Author(s):

Érica Cesário Defilipo ◽

Paula Silva de Carvalho Chagas ◽

Caroline Chaves Lessa Nogueira ◽

Geisiane Pereira Ananias ◽

Andrea Januário da Silva

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Oxygen Saturation ◽

Respiratory Rate ◽

Minimum Weight ◽

Wilcoxon Test ◽

Axillary Temperature ◽

Peripheral Oxygen Saturation ◽

Physiological Variables

Abstract Introduction: The Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) method is a significant neonatal alternative that ensures better quality humanized care for preterm and low birth weight newborns. Objective: To analyze the immediate physiological effects of the kangaroo position in critically ill newborns. Methods: Open clinical trial with parallel interventions, involving preterm (up to 28 days old) low or very low birth weight newborns (minimum weight of 1,250 grams) of both sexes, that were clinically stable and undergoing enteral nutrition. The degree of respiratory distress was assessed and quantified using the Silverman-Anderson scoring system. Heart rate and peripheral oxygen saturation were collected using a pulse oximeter. Respiratory rate was determined by auscultation for one minute. The newborns were submitted to the kangaroo position once only, for 90 minutes. Results: Participants were 30 newborns, 56.7% of which were girls. Comparison of the variables before and after application of the kangaroo position using the Wilcoxon test showed a statistically significant reduction in respiratory rate (p = 0.02) and Silverman-Anderson score (p < 0.01). The remaining variables showed no significant differences: heart rate (p = 0.21), peripheral oxygen saturation (p = 0.26) and axillary temperature (p = 0.12). Conclusion: There was a decline in the respiratory rate and Silverman-Anderson score after application of the kangaroo position, while peripheral oxygen saturation, axillary temperature and heart rate remained stable.

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THE EFFECT OF EYEMASKS ON REDUCING DISTRESS ASSOCIATED WITH THE RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY EXAM

Paediatrics & Child Health ◽

10.1093/pch/pxy054.060 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (suppl_1) ◽

pp. e24-e24

Author(s):

Matthew Speckert ◽

Andrei-Alexandru Szigiato ◽

Jeanne zielonka ◽

Kathleen Hollamby ◽

Eugene Ng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Oxygen Saturation ◽

Respiratory Rate ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽

Stressful Events ◽

Control Group ◽

Ventilator Support ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Rop Screening

Abstract BACKGROUND Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a disorder of retinal development in the low birthweight preterm infant. Eye screening is routinely performed for infants at risk of developing this disorder. While these examinations help prevent blindness, they can be physiologically stressful for infants, with changes in oxygen saturation, blood pressure and heart rate occurring during the exam and increased apneic episodes reported the 24–48 hours period afterward. The cause of these increased apneic episodes is not currently known. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of decreasing light simulation during mydriasis on the frequency of stressful episodes after ROP screening. DESIGN/METHODS Multi-centre randomized study. This study was approved by hospital ethics boards at all sites. After informed consent was obtained, infants with a birthweight <1500g or gestational age of ≤32 weeks and scheduled for their first ROP screening were randomized to receive either standard of care or a phototherapy mask during pupil dilation, in addition to routine care. Dilated retinal exams were performed by retinal surgeons and fellows. The primary outcome was the frequency of any desaturation, bradycardic event, or apneic event 12 hours following the examination, compared to a baseline rate 12 hours prior to the exam. Heart rate, respiratory rate and oxygen saturation were recorded for up to 48 hours following the examination and compared to baseline. RESULTS A total of 51 infants were enrolled; 28 randomized to the masked group and 23 to the control group. 10 and 13 infants were on ventilator support at the time of examination in each group, respectively. There was a 57.7% decrease in the total number of all stressful events in the masked group compared to controls in the 12 hour post exam period (Rate Ratio 0.42, 95% CI 0.2–0.9, P=0.024). There was a 61.3% decrease in the number of bradycardic events in the masked group compared to controls (RR 0.39, 95% CI 0.2–1.0, P=0.042). Heart rate was significantly higher in both groups after the exam (Effect by time P=0.04), with no difference in between groups (Effect by group P=0.31). There was no significant difference seen in either group in respiratory rate or oxygen saturation at 2 or 4 hours after the ROP examination compared to baseline. Risk factors that were associated with increased stress included: younger gestational age (RR=1.32 95%CI [1.2–1.5] per week), lower birthweight (RR=1.39 [1.2–1.5] per 100g), ventilator support around the time of exam (RR=2.67 [1.3–5.6]), diagnosis of intraventricular hemorrhage (RR=3.78 [1.9–7.3]), and hyponatremia (RR=3.42 [1.8–6.6]). No adverse events occurred while using eye masks. CONCLUSION The infants who wore a phototherapy mask during pupillary dilation had lower rates of stressful episodes following screening for retinopathy of prematurity, particularly lower episodes of bradycardia.

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Audit on the Management of Bronchiolitis: A Single Centre Real World Experience in Bangladesh Can We do Better ?

Chattagram Maa-O-Shishu Hospital Medical College Journal ◽

10.3329/cmoshmcj.v14i1.22871 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 6-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Farzana Hamid ◽

Syed Moosa MA Quaium ◽

Azizur Rahman ◽

AT Reza Ahmad ◽

Shahariar Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Oxygen Saturation ◽

Hospital Stay ◽

Respiratory Rate ◽

P Value ◽

Supportive Treatment ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group A ◽

Syncytial Virus ◽

Group B

Background: Bronchiolitis is the most common reason for hospitalization of children in many countries.Though Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is the most common organism causing bronchiolitis, but antibiotics are used widely.So the aim of the present study is to establish whether antibiotic has any role in bronchiolitis management along with supportive treatment. Methods:This retrospective study included 100 infants and children between 2-24 months of age admitted with clear cut sign symptoms of bronchiolitis. Patients were divided into Group A (supportive + antibiotic Rx) comprised 72 patients and group B (supportive Rx only) comprised 28 patients.After 3-5 days of hospital stay, clinical responses were evaluated in terms of improvement in symptoms and clinical parameters- respiratory rate, heart rate and oxygen saturation. Results: Mean age of patients was 6.6 (±5.6) months in Group A and 6.3 (±4.8) months in Group B. Most of the patients in both study groups were male (M: F=1.6:1). All the cases in both groups presented with cough, running nose, and respiratory distress. Fever and feeding difficulty were present in 83.3% & 90.3% in Group A and 82.1% & 89.3% in Group B respectively. Majority of cases were from lower socioeconomic status and lived in urban area. In Group A, after therapy mean respiratory rate 53.7 (±4.3) and oxygen saturation 97.9 (±1.9) had significantly improved in comparison to respiratory rate 65.6 (±4.8) and oxygen saturation 89.7 (±4.4) before therapy (p=<.001 in all parameter). Heart rate also significantly increased after therapy (149.4 ±10.2 versus 104.5 ±8.7) (p=<.001). In Group B, after therapy mean respiratory rate 53.5 (±4.1) and oxygen saturation 97.8 (±1.7) had also significantly improved in comparison to respiratory rate 65.3 (±4.1) and oxygen saturation 88.8 (±2.8) before therapy (p=<.001 in all parameter). Heart rate also significantly increased after therapy (150.8 ±9.8 versus 105.0 ±6.2) (p=<.001). In comparison between two modalities of treatment, no significant difference was found (p value=>.05 in all parameters). No statistical significant difference was observed in the length of hospital stay in two groups. Conclusion: The study highlighted the importance of supportive treatment in bronchiolitis management. Antibiotics should not be used without clinical and laboratory evidence of bacterial infection. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cmoshmcj.v14i1.22871 Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.14 (1); Jan 2015; Page 6-10

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Short-Term Effects and Early Complications of Balloon-Occluded Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration for Gastric Varices

ISRN Gastroenterology ◽

10.5402/2012/919371 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Manabu Watanabe ◽

Kazue Shiozawa ◽

Takashi Ikehara ◽

Shigeru Nakano ◽

Michio Kougame ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pleural Effusion ◽

Esophageal Varices ◽

Gastric Varices ◽

Short Term ◽

Related Factors ◽

Venous Thrombus ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

The Mean ◽

Short Term Effects

The short-term effects of balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO) to treat gastric varices were evaluated by using computed tomography (CT) and gastroscopy (GF). The subjects were 77 patients who underwent BRTO to treat gastric varices. The short-term effects of BRTO were investigated with regard to ascites, pleural effusion, venous thrombus, and esophageal varices by comparing the findings of CT and GF performed within one month before and after BRTO. The mean duration of followup was 960.1 days. Ascites and pleural effusion were exacerbated after BRTO in 26 (33.8%) and 31 (40.3%), respectively. A significant difference in ascites exacerbation was noted in patients with hypoalbuminemia and a high Child-Pugh score, and a significant difference in exacerbation of pleural effusion was noted in patients with hypoalbuminemia. Venous thrombus was noted in 7 patients (9.1%). Esophageal varices were exacerbated in 14 (21.2%) of the 66 patients. The 2-year survival rate was 720 days, and significant differences were noted in the Child-Pugh classification and the concomitance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on multivariate analysis of prognosis-related factors. Conclusion. The frequencies of exacerbation of ascites, pleural effusion, and esophageal varices after BRTO were high but these may not be related to survival.

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Effects of three weeks of oxygen supplementation on oxygen saturation and recovery parameters of elite wrestlers

Archives of Biological Sciences ◽

10.2298/abs1403253d ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 66 (3) ◽

pp. 1253-1260

Author(s):

Bilal Demirhan

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Oxygen Saturation ◽

Control Group ◽

Oxygen Supplementation ◽

Short Term ◽

Before And After ◽

Fitness Parameters ◽

The Mean ◽

Lactate Levels ◽

Experimental Group

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of three weeks of oxygen supplementation on oxygen saturation, lactate level, and heart rate (HR) responses of elite wrestlers. The subjects included fourteen elite male wrestlers, mean age of the experimental group was 19.87?0.35; the mean age of the control group was 19.62?0.51. Both groups had similar height, weight and fitness parameters. Before and after training, the heart rates, lactate levels and oxygen saturation values were recorded. Consistent with our hypothesis, the oxygen saturation (SpO2) values of the experimental group increased significantly (p<0.05) while lactate and heart rate values decreased significantly. When the pre-exercise levels of oxygen saturation were compared, the oxygen supplementation group displayed significant differences in the 2nd and 3rd weeks (P<0.05). Pre-training HR and lactate levels in the three weeks did not differ significantly. The experiment group had higher measured SpO2 values immediately after exercise in the 3rd week (P<0.05); HR and lactate levels declined after oxygen supplementation (P<0.05). Only in the 2nd and 3rd week, the HR values were lower in favor of the experimental group (P<0.05). Our findings indicate that oxygen supplementation does not have a chronic effect in increasing oxygen saturation and reducing HR and lactate values; however, oxygen saturation was found to be effective during the short-term recovery periods.

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A comparison of administration of oral chloral hydrate with intranasal dexmedetomidine in sedation of children to perform electroencephalography

Medical Journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences and Health Services ◽

10.34172/mj.2021.022 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 16-21

Author(s):

Masoumeh Borhani ◽

Mohammadreza Habibzadeh ◽

Amir Shafa

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Mean Arterial Pressure ◽

Arterial Pressure ◽

Oxygen Saturation ◽

Respiratory Rate ◽

Chloral Hydrate ◽

Arterial Oxygen Saturation ◽

Arterial Oxygen ◽

P Value ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Electroencephalography is a record of the electrical activity of the brain that is used to diagnose brain dysfunction and to determine the location of brain injury and to determine seizure activity. There is. The sedative medication used should not only have an effect on the brain’s electrical activity, but it also calms the baby. Since there have been no studies to compare the effects of intranasal oral hydrate and dexmedetomidine on sedation in children for electroencephalography, this study aimed to compare the effects of intranasal intravenous dexmedetomidine with intramuscular dexmedetomidine on electroencephalography in children. Methods: This clinical trial study was performed on 62 children candidates for electroencephalography in Imam Hossein Pediatric Hospital in Isfahan. Age, weight, and clinical data including sedation score, mean arterial pressure, respiratory rate, arterial oxygen saturation, and heart rate at pre-medication times, 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes after drug administration. And analyzed. Results: The mean age of the children candidates for electroencephalography was 16.90 ± 1.32, out of which 35 (56.5%) were male. The results showed no significant difference between the two groups in terms of sedation, mean arterial pressure, respiratory rate, and percentage of arterial oxygen saturation (p> 0.05). But the difference between the two groups was statistically significant for the variable heart rate. Heart rate was significantly lower in group B (dexmedetomidine group) than in group A (oral chlorate hydrate group) (p-value = 0.032), and time as an influencing factor in changing mean sedimentation, mean arterial pressure, respiratory rate, and heart rate (p-value <0.05). But there was no significant effect on the change in arterial oxygen saturation percentage (p = 0.478). Conclusion: Chloral hydrate administration was more effective than intranasal dexmedetomidine treatment in maintaining heart rate but overall the results showed no significant difference between the two groups in terms of clinical data and child sedation score in the two groups. Was.

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