Histogenesis of the Oesophagus of Guinea Fowl (Numida meleagris) at Prehatch and Posthatch

The histogenesis of the primordial oesophagus was studied to determine the period in which the tunics of the oesophagus developed and became functional in the helmeted guinea fowl (Numida meleagris). Eighteen embryos and nine keets were studied at prehatch and posthatch, respectively. Simple columnar epithelium surrounded by mesenchymal cells was obvious at the 8th day of embryonic development. By the 19th day of embryonic development, the four tunics, tunica mucosa, submucosa, tunica muscularis, and tunica adventitia/serosa, were beginning to differentiate from the mesenchymal cells and also the primordial oesophageal glands appeared as clusters of cells that invaginate from the epithelium. By the 27th day, the tunics were clearly differentiated and the primordial glands were fully developed as evident with positive reaction to Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS). The tunics of the muscularis were not well developed till at posthatch. This study therefore concludes that the primordial oesophagus is active at the late incubation due to mucin secretion by mucous glands but fully functional at posthatch since the tunica muscularis is completely developed at posthatch.

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Differences in mucin expression in the submandibular glands of rats during peridontitis induction

Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) ◽

10.20473/j.djmkg.v51.i2.p52-56 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 52

Author(s):

Nunuk Purwanti ◽

Banun Kusumawardhani ◽

Kwartarini Murdiastuti

Keyword(s):

Submandibular Gland ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Daily Injection ◽

Bacterial Invasion ◽

Mucin Secretion ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

Periodontal Tissues ◽

Mucin Expression ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Induced Apoptosis

Background: Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) produces lipopolysacharide (LPS) which acts as a stimulator of inflammation in periodontal tissues. Periodontitis-induced apoptosis and vacuolation of the salivary gland, therefore, causes hyposalivation. Mucin secretion is produced by the submandibular gland under stimulation by the cholinergic and adrenergic receptors. Both forms of stimulation influence the volume of mucin secretion. Mucin saliva plays an important role in the early stages of Pg colonization in the oral cavity. On the other hand, it serves to protect against bacterial invasion. Purpose: The aim of this research was to identify differences in mucin expression in the submandibular gland during periodontitis induction. Methods: 32 male Wistar rats were assigned to either a sham periodontitis or a periodontitis group. The former group received a daily injection of a vehicle solution (n = 16), while members of the periodontitis induction group (n=16) were injected each day with 500 µL of Pg 108 into the mesial area of the upper molar. Mucin in the submandibular gland was analyzed at the 7th, 14th, 21th and 28th days after injection by means of periodic acid schiff (PAS) staining. Results: 28 days after injection mild gingivitis was developed in the periodontitis experiment group. Junctional epithelium (JE) thickness decreased gradually following the increase of PG injection periods (p<0.05). However, mucin expression increased prominently at 7th, 14th, and 21th days after injection and decreased on day 28th after PG injection. Mucin was expressed in the duct cells of the submandibular gland. Conclusion: The result of this study suggests that there are different levels of mucin expression in the submandibular gland during periodontitis induction.

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Purification and properties of plaice metallothionein, a cadmium-binding protein from the liver of the plaice (Pleuronectes platessa)

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj1830277 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 183 (2) ◽

pp. 277-283 ◽

Cited By ~ 75

Author(s):

J Overnell ◽

T L Coombs

Keyword(s):

Positive Reaction ◽

Binding Protein ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Amino Acid Residues ◽

Thiol Groups ◽

Single Chain ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

Pleuronectes Platessa ◽

Mammalian Metallothioneins

A low-molecular-weight protein induced in the liver of the plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) by exposure to cadmium was purified and characterized. It is closely similar to mammalian metallothioneins in all of its properties in that it is a single-chain cadmium-binding protein of approx. 7000 mol.wt. with a high cysteine content (31 mol%) and no aromatic amino acid residues. The thiol groups of the cysteine residues complex with the cadmium in a SH/Cd molar ratio of 3:1 and produce a characteristic absorption maximum at 250 nm. Unlike the mammalian metallothioneins, however, metal analyses reveal only traces of zinc and copper in addition to cadmium. The presence of carbohydrate previously assumed from a positive reaction with periodic acid/Schiff reagent has now been disproved, and the positive reaction attributed to interaction with the thiol groups in the protein.

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A physiological, biochemical and histological study of goose tracheal mucin and its secretion

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rstb.1977.0097 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 279 (969) ◽

pp. 513-540 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Keyword(s):

Sialic Acid ◽

Nerve Stimulation ◽

Histological Study ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Gel Filtration ◽

Goblet Cells ◽

Mucin Secretion ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

Tracheal Mucus

Tracheal mucin secretion has been measured from a segment of trachea, isolated in situ , in anaesthetized geese by a method that involves radioactive labelling of tracheal mucus glycoproteins (Gallagher et al. 1975). Goose tracheal mucus comes entirely from goblet cells, since the goose trachea does not contain submucosal mucous or serous glands, and this method has been used to investigate the nervous and pharmacological control of the mucin secretion from these epithelial goblet cells. The mucins secreted have been collected, fractionated, and chemically analysed. Intracellular mucin has been examined histochemically, and the results of electron microscopic observations of epithelial cells and nerves are presented. Acetylcholine increased tracheal mucin secretion, and this effect was completely blocked by atropine. Neither α- nor β-stimulant sympathomimetic amines affected tracheal mucin secretion. Stimulation of the peripheral cut ends of the descending oesophageal nerves increased tracheal mucin secretion and the majority of this response, approximately three-quarters, appeared to be cholinergic since this proportion was blocked by atropine. The mediator for the atropine-resistant part of the response is not known, but it appears not to be a β-adrenoreceptor stimulant since the response to nerve stimulation was unaffected by propranolol given at 34 μm intrasegmentally. Other possibilities are discussed. Atropine itself decreased the resting level of tracheal mucin secretion. The local anaesthetic, lignocaine, increased tracheal mucin secretion, while at the same time blocking the responses to acetylcholine and descending oesophageal nerve stimulation. The implications of this are discussed. The electrophoretic, gel filtration and ion-exchange properties of goose tracheal mucins showed that they represented high molecular mass, negatively charged glycoproteins which could be labelled biosynthetically with [ 35 S]sulphate, [ 3 H]- and [ 14 C]glucose. These mucins could be stained with Alcian blue or periodic acid Schiff reagent. The carbohydrate composition was unusual for an epithelial glycoprotein in that fucose was absent and mannose was present in small quantities. The monosaccharides present in larger quantity were galactose, N -acetylglucosamine, N -acetylgalactosamine and sialic acid. Histochemical analysis of tissue sections of gosling tracheas demonstrated that nearly all of the glycoprotein in epithelial goblet cells contained both sialic acid and sulphate residues. Sialated mucin was present also, but to a lesser extent, and many cells contained a mixture of sialated and sulphated mucins. The adult goose trachea had a high proportion of sialated glycoprotein. Electron microscopy showed a range of epithelial cell types and intra-epithelial nerves also. Many of the nerves had neurosecretory vesicles suggestive of motor function and some were near to goblet cells.

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Acid mucopolysaccharides in the development of the Pacific great skate, Raja binoculata

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.16.1.17 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 17-28

Author(s):

P. R. McConnachie ◽

P. Ford

Keyword(s):

Embryonic Development ◽

Chondroitin Sulphate ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Extracellular Material ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

Pyridinium Bromide ◽

The Pacific ◽

Cetyl Pyridinium ◽

Schiff Reaction ◽

Chondroitin Sulphate A

Existing histochemical techniques permit the identification of AMPS (Dorfman, 1963; Saunders, 1964; Scott, Quintarelli & Dellova, 1964; Spicer, 1960, 1963; Szirmai, 1963; Yamada, 1963a, b, 1964; Zugibe, 1962, 1963) and considerable information is available on the AMPS constitution of specific tissues in adult organisms (Anno, Seno & Kawaguchi, 1963; Mathews & Hinds, 1962; Szabo & Roboz-Einstein, 1962). However, it has not yet been shown that it is possible to characterize AMPS specifically by histochemical methods in embryos or that the chain of events leading to specific AMPS localization in adult organisms can be ascertained histochemically during embryonic development. In this paper the following abbreviations are used: AMPS, acid mucopolysaccharide; CPB, cetyl-pyridinium bromide; PAS, periodic acid-Schiff reaction; C-S-A/C, chondroitin sulphate A and/or chondroitin sulphate C; C-S-B, chondroitin sulphate B; ABPAS, combined Alcian blue-PAS stain; ECM, extracellular material. Previous observations in this laboratory of embryo Raja binoculata yolk stalks indicated that sufficient AMPS are present to permit such a study (McConnachie & Ford, 1964).

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Immunohistochemical Study of the Goat Ductus deferens

Folia Veterinaria ◽

10.2478/fv-2018-0002 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

pp. 11-17

Author(s):

E. Marettová ◽

M. Maretta

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

Positive Reaction ◽

Immunohistochemical Study ◽

Smooth Muscle Actin ◽

Elastic Fibers ◽

Cytokeratin 18 ◽

Ductus Deferens ◽

Blood Capillaries ◽

Tunica Adventitia ◽

Tunica Muscularis

Abstract Ductus deferens plays an important role in sperm transport and participates in the preservation of structure, maturation, and viability of sperm. In this study, we have immunohistochemically examined the ductus deferens in the goat. For immunohistochemical study the following monoclonal antibodies were used: cytokeratin 18, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), vimentin and elastin. Morphologically, three distinct layers were identified in the goat ductus deferens — tunica mucosa, tunica muscularis and tunica adventitia. The epithelium of the mucosa was intensely stained with cytokeratin 18 (CK 18). The fibroblasts in the lamina propria and blood capillaries in the muscle layer showed positive reaction for vimentin. A positive reaction for α-SMA was observed in the smooth muscle cells of the tunica muscularis in the internal, middle and outer sublayers. An intense positive reaction for α-SMA was observed in the wall of the blood vessels. Elastic fibers in the form of a loose meshwork were present in all three layers. The high density of elastic fibers were found in the tunica adventitia.

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Studies upon the Gram Reaction of the Basiphil Cells of the Anterior Pituitary

Journal of Cell Science ◽

10.1242/jcs.s3-93.22.147 ◽

1952 ◽

Vol s3-93 (22) ◽

pp. 147-155

Author(s):

C. L. FOSTER ◽

R. R. WILSON

Keyword(s):

Bile Salt ◽

Positive Reaction ◽

Anterior Pituitary ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Point Of View ◽

Methyl Green ◽

Pituitary Cells ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

Human Anterior Pituitary ◽

Micro Organisms

The basiphil cell granules of the human anterior pituitary react positively with Gram's stain, but no specific differentiation of these granules occurs when the iodine treatment is omitted. The granules of the acidophil cells are Gram-negative. Various workers have suggested a connexion between the Gram reaction of various micro-organisms and the presence of ribonucleoprotein, and the pituitary cells were investigated from this point of view. Pyronin methyl green staining demonstrates what is probably ribonucleoprotein material in the cytoplasm of both chromophobes and chromophils, but not in the granules of either kind of chromophil. As with micro-organisms, the Gram reaction is destroyed by treating the sections with hot oxygenated bile salt, which has a detergent action upon the ribonucleic acids, but, unlike micro-organisms, the reaction remains unaffected by digestion with a buffered solution of crystalline ribonuclease, although this treatment destroys the nucleic acid, as demonstrated by the loss of pyronin basiphilia in the cytoplasm. Bile salt also diminishes the strong positive reaction of the basiphil cell granules to the periodic acid Schiff (P.A.S.)test--a reaction which probably indicates the presence of intragranular mucoprotein. It seems unlikely that the Gramn-positive reaction of the basiphil cell granules of the human anterior pituitary is due simply to the presence of ribonucleoprotein. We have employed the term ribonucleic acid, bearing in mind that this is a generic term and not the name of a single molecular species (cf. Davidson, 1950).

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Histochemistry of the developing notochord, perichordal sheath and vertebrae in Danforth's short-tail (Sd) and normal C57BL/6 mice

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.55.1.227 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 227-245

Author(s):

Laurie G. Paavola ◽

Doris B. Wilson ◽

Elizabeth M. Center

Keyword(s):

Extracellular Matrix ◽

Alcian Blue ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Mesenchymal Cell ◽

Mesenchymal Cells ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

Short Tail ◽

Cell Organization ◽

Typical Distribution ◽

Relationship Of

The development of the notochord, perichordal sheath and vertebrae was studied in C57BL/6 and Danforth's short-tail (Sd) mutant mice on days 9–14 of gestation, using histochemical stains to detect possible extracellular matrix (ECM) components or precursors. Stains used were periodic-acid Schiff (PAS) after diastase treatment (glycoproteins, neutral polysaccharides) and alcian blue (glycosaminoglycans). Embryos from C57BL/6Sfd mice were analyzed to establish a normal baseline. In 9-day normal (C57BL/6Sfd; + / + ) embryos the notochord is an uninterrupted structure and contains PAS-positive, diastaseresistant granules, whereas in abnormals (Sd/ + Sd/Sd) the notochord is discontinuous and exhibits few, if any, granules. A notochordal sheath is present in normal and abnormal embryos on day 10 and stains with PAS, alcian blue and aniline blue; subsequently, it increases in thickness in normal, but not defective, embryos. In normal embryos, the notochord shows dilatations, and notochordal cells become vacuolated from 13 to 14 days. In contrast, the notochordal fragments of abnormals never develop dilatations, nor do the cells vacuolate. Organization of mesenchymal cells into specific patterns is observed initially in 11-day normal embryos; further mesenchymal organization into vertebral and intervertebral disc analgen occurs during days 12–14. In abnormal embryos, disturbance of mesenchymal cell organization is evident as early as day 11, and by day 12 aberrant patterns of organization have emerged. Mesenchymal cells of abnormal embryos also lack the typical distribution of PAS-positive, diastase-resistant granules that occurs in normal specimens. The possible relationship of these granules in notochordal and mesenchymal cells to ECM materials is discussed.

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Embryonic development of the domestic guinea fowl(Numida meleagris)

Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1111/j.1469-7998.1995.tb01773.x ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 235 (4) ◽

pp. 621-634 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A. Ancel ◽

S. Liess ◽

H. Girard

Keyword(s):

Embryonic Development ◽

Guinea Fowl ◽

Numida Meleagris

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Influence of Dietary Protein on Embryonic Development and Hatching Traits of Indigenous Guinea Fowl (Numida meleagris) Breeders in Togo

Journal of World's Poultry Research ◽

10.36380/jwpr.2021.50 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 422-430

Author(s):

Lamboni Lare ◽

Essodina Talaki ◽

Koffi Francois-Xavier Dzogbema ◽

Comla Sodjedo ◽

Yao Lombo

Keyword(s):

Embryonic Development ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Guinea Fowl ◽

Numida Meleagris

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Macroscopic, Histomorphological and Histochemical Studies on the Kidneys of Guinea Fowl (Numida meleagris)

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.b-4196 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gajendra Singh ◽

Balwant Meshram ◽

Hemant Joshi

Keyword(s):

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Basement Membrane ◽

Mesangial Cells ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽

Guinea Fowl ◽

The Body ◽

Staining Procedure ◽

Numida Meleagris ◽

Intense Activity

Background: Kidneys, the paired organ which essentially plays for excreting nitrogenous wastes, excessive water, inorganic salts and toxic substances produced during the process of body metabolism. Maintenance of osmotic regulation and homeostatic fluid balance of the body has also be performed by kidneys. Each of the kidneys filtrate carried to cloaca by respective ureter from where the urine leaves the body. The present macroscopic, histomorphological and histochemical studies undertaken on the Kidneys of Guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) is nothing but the attempt to widen our thrust area for that bird which is nonexistent as on documentation.Methods: The present studies were carried upon 12 pairs of in-vitro kidney samples in Guinea fowl. Gross morphology and morphometrical observations were carried on fresh specimens. Histological studies were carried on fixed samples those were processed for dehydration, clearing, embedding into paraffin and sections of 5-6 μ thickness were obtained. Different staining procedure as to Haematoxylin and Eosin, Silver orcein, Aniline blue and Weigert’s staining methods were employed for different histological components. The histochemical and histoenzymic studies were also accomplished with Periodic acid Schiff‘s (PAS), Alcian blue methods (pH-2.5) and Gomori’s cobalt method for Alkaline phosphatase and Acid phosphatase. The Succinic dehydrogenase enzyme was also estimated on cryostat sections.Result: The observations on kidneys of Guinea fowl were accomplished after macroscopic, histomorphological and histochemical means. This reddish-brown colored paired organ of kidneys was retroperitoneally placed in synsacral fossa and had incomplete division of three parts. The wrapping material of capsule was the dense connective tissue. The outer cortex and inner medulla had different parts of nephrons. Two types of nephrons viz. mammalian type (with Henle loop) and reptilian type (without Henle loop) were observed. Collagen, elastic and reticular fibers were there in different components of the kidney. Histochemically it has determined the secretion of neutral as well as acidic mucopolysaccharide substances. PAS activity was observed at mesangial cells and basement membrane of DCT. The Alkaline phosphatase showed the positive activity in capsule, brush border of proximal and distal convoluted tubules. The Acid phosphatases were showing intense activity in parietal and visceral layer of renal corpuscles, lumen and basement membrane of PCT. The intense activity of Succinic dehydrogenase showed at PCT, DCT, collecting tubule whereas renal corpuscles showed feeble activity.

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