Macroscopic, Histomorphological and Histochemical Studies on the Kidneys of Guinea Fowl (Numida meleagris)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gajendra Singh ◽  
Balwant Meshram ◽  
Hemant Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Mesangial Cells ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Guinea Fowl ◽  
The Body ◽  
Staining Procedure ◽  
Numida Meleagris ◽  
Intense Activity

Background: Kidneys, the paired organ which essentially plays for excreting nitrogenous wastes, excessive water, inorganic salts and toxic substances produced during the process of body metabolism. Maintenance of osmotic regulation and homeostatic fluid balance of the body has also be performed by kidneys. Each of the kidneys filtrate carried to cloaca by respective ureter from where the urine leaves the body. The present macroscopic, histomorphological and histochemical studies undertaken on the Kidneys of Guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) is nothing but the attempt to widen our thrust area for that bird which is nonexistent as on documentation.Methods: The present studies were carried upon 12 pairs of in-vitro kidney samples in Guinea fowl. Gross morphology and morphometrical observations were carried on fresh specimens. Histological studies were carried on fixed samples those were processed for dehydration, clearing, embedding into paraffin and sections of 5-6 μ thickness were obtained. Different staining procedure as to Haematoxylin and Eosin, Silver orcein, Aniline blue and Weigert’s staining methods were employed for different histological components. The histochemical and histoenzymic studies were also accomplished with Periodic acid Schiff‘s (PAS), Alcian blue methods (pH-2.5) and Gomori’s cobalt method for Alkaline phosphatase and Acid phosphatase. The Succinic dehydrogenase enzyme was also estimated on cryostat sections.Result: The observations on kidneys of Guinea fowl were accomplished after macroscopic, histomorphological and histochemical means. This reddish-brown colored paired organ of kidneys was retroperitoneally placed in synsacral fossa and had incomplete division of three parts. The wrapping material of capsule was the dense connective tissue. The outer cortex and inner medulla had different parts of nephrons. Two types of nephrons viz. mammalian type (with Henle loop) and reptilian type (without Henle loop) were observed. Collagen, elastic and reticular fibers were there in different components of the kidney. Histochemically it has determined the secretion of neutral as well as acidic mucopolysaccharide substances. PAS activity was observed at mesangial cells and basement membrane of DCT. The Alkaline phosphatase showed the positive activity in capsule, brush border of proximal and distal convoluted tubules. The Acid phosphatases were showing intense activity in parietal and visceral layer of renal corpuscles, lumen and basement membrane of PCT. The intense activity of Succinic dehydrogenase showed at PCT, DCT, collecting tubule whereas renal corpuscles showed feeble activity.

Histoarchitectural and Histoenzymatic Studies on Gizzard of Guinea Fowl (Numida meleagris)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devendra Saran ◽  
Balwant Meshram
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Cryostat Section ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Thick Layer ◽  
Guinea Fowl ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Food Material ◽  
Numida Meleagris ◽  
Mucosal Layer ◽  
Mucosal Folds

Background: The gizzard is a muscular stomach of the Gastrointestinal tract of bird that holds sparing crystals which aids as the mechanical multure component for food material to be ingested by birds. Its specialty is to grinding of ingested food material after secretion of HCL (Hydrochloric Acid) and pepsinogen enzymes in the proventriculus. Methods: The twelve samples of gizzard of guinea fowl were fixed in 10% NBF (Neutral buffered formalin) and Bouin’s fluid for histological while chilled acetone and chilled ethanol for histochemical studies. The fresh unfixed tissues were used for the cryostat section for the demonstration of different enzymes.Result: The tubular glands were main feature of mucosal layer but sometime acinar glands also found as the replacement of tubular glands with lymphoid aggregation. The horizontal koilin was also noticed between long mucosal folds. Tunica submucosa was discovered in squeezed manner in comparison to the mucosa. The tunica muscularis has shown inner circular and outer longitudinal as the thick layer. It was intermingling with collagen and elastic fibers. Histochemically the gizzard was examined for glycogen, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase and succinic dehydrogenase.

scholarly journals Structural Organization of the Optic Lobe of Grey Breasted Helmeted Guinea Fowl (*Numida meleagris galeata*) at Pre-Hatch Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Wanmi Nathaniel ◽  
Onyeanusi I. Barth ◽  
Nzalak J. Oliver ◽  
Aluwong Tanang
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Optic Lobe ◽  
Guinea Fowl ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Numida Meleagris ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Immature Cells

<p class="jbls-body"><span lang="EN-GB">A total of one hundred and seventy-three fertilized eggs were used for morphometry, gross and histological studies. At day 4 of incubation, the mean body weight of the helmeted guinea fowl embryo was 0.6401 ± 0.0211 g. It was at day 10 of incubation that there was an increase in the whole body weight of the embryo to be 0.8650 ± 0.676 g. The whole brain weight indicated relative increased at day 4 as compared to that of the whole body weight. Graphically, there were steady increase in the body, brain and optic lobe weights. Histologically, cells and neurones that make up the optic lobe is probably as a result of the migration of immature cells from the ventricular neuroepithelium. </span></p>

A study on the structure of the whiting integument (Merlangius merlangus L.)

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alistair M. Bullock ◽  
Ronald J. Roberts ◽  
John D. M. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Mucous Cell ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
The Body ◽  
Adult Fish ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Acid Component ◽  
Merlangius Merlangus ◽  
Mature Fish ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Reaction

The histology and histochemistry of whiting skin was studied in larval, juvenile and adult fish. The adult specimens were obtained throughout the year but there was no evidence of seasonal variation in the areas of the body sampled. The skin of the whiting is considerably more complex than that of any other teleost fish which has been described in detail. The epidermis of the mature fish comprises five layers, consisting of Malpighian cells and a variety of other structures including large cystic bullae, which ultrastructurally and histochemically are relatively amorphous but comprise a major proportion of the epidermis. A reticulum of epidermal melanocytes occurs above these structures and two types of mucous cell are described. The major histochemical feature of the epidermis was the alkaline phosphatase reaction, similar to that found in higher animals. Succinic dehydrogenase activity was found at all levels. The epithelial mucins were mainly acid mucopolysaccharide with a small sialic acid component and a greater proportion of sulphated muco-substance. The dermis was morphologically similar to that of other scaled fishes. Mast cells were particularly prominent and occasional non-pigmented ‘melanophores’ were seen.

Histochemistry and the structure of the skin of a murrel, Channa striata (Bloch, 1797) (Channiformes, Channidae). II. Dermis and subcutis

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 844-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Mittal ◽  
T. K. Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Collagen Fiber ◽  
Mechanical Injury ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Cells ◽  
Shock Absorbers ◽  
Acid Mucopolysaccharides ◽  
Channa Striata

The structure and the cytochemistry of the dermis and the subcutis of Channa striata, which buries in mud to survive droughts, is described and correlated with its habitat. The dermis consists of an outer stratum laxum and an inner stratum compactum. The stratum laxum is mainly composed of well-developed scales lodged in connective tissue pockets which are characterized by the presence of huge deposits of lipids. These lipids may play important roles: in supplying energy during the period of fasting, acting as a barrier for water diffusion through the skin, and serving as shock absorbers, protecting the body from mechanical injury during burrowing. The presence of sulfated acid-mucopolysaccharides, the substantia amorpha in the stratum laxum, has been described as an adaptation to prevent desiccation. Alkaline phosphatase, sulfated acid-mucopolysaccharides, and calcium are closely associated in the osseous layer of the scales and probably play an important role in calcification. Numerous fine collagen fiber strands connecting the basement membrane to the scales provide firm attachment of the epidermis to the dermis. The presence of a relatively thin subcutis may be correlated with the well-developed layer of fat cells in the stratum laxum.

scholarly journals Histogenesis of the Oesophagus of Guinea Fowl (Numida meleagris) at Prehatch and Posthatch

Scientifica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Innocent Jonah Gosomji ◽  
Sulaiman Olawoye Salami ◽  
James Oliver Nzalak ◽  
Muhammed Umar Kawu ◽  
Emmanuel Vandi Tizhe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Positive Reaction ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Mesenchymal Cells ◽  
Guinea Fowl ◽  
Mucin Secretion ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Numida Meleagris ◽  
Tunica Adventitia ◽  
Tunica Muscularis

The histogenesis of the primordial oesophagus was studied to determine the period in which the tunics of the oesophagus developed and became functional in the helmeted guinea fowl (Numida meleagris). Eighteen embryos and nine keets were studied at prehatch and posthatch, respectively. Simple columnar epithelium surrounded by mesenchymal cells was obvious at the 8th day of embryonic development. By the 19th day of embryonic development, the four tunics, tunica mucosa, submucosa, tunica muscularis, and tunica adventitia/serosa, were beginning to differentiate from the mesenchymal cells and also the primordial oesophageal glands appeared as clusters of cells that invaginate from the epithelium. By the 27th day, the tunics were clearly differentiated and the primordial glands were fully developed as evident with positive reaction to Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS). The tunics of the muscularis were not well developed till at posthatch. This study therefore concludes that the primordial oesophagus is active at the late incubation due to mucin secretion by mucous glands but fully functional at posthatch since the tunica muscularis is completely developed at posthatch.

scholarly journals Comparative morphometry of the brainstem of the male and female Helmeted Guinea Fowl (Numida meleagris)

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-124
Author(s):  
Mohammed Adam ◽  
Barth Izuchukwu Onyeanusi ◽  
Joseph Olusegun Hambolu ◽  
Suleiman Folorunsho Ambali ◽  
Chikera Samuel Ibe
Keyword(s):  
Medulla Oblongata ◽  
Guinea Fowl ◽  
The Body ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Numida Meleagris ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Brain

Abstract The aim of this study was to obtain base-line morphometric data on the whole brain and brainstem in the adult male and female helmeted guinea fowl (Numida meleagris), and compare the result in the two sexes. Brain samples of seventy adult helmeted guinea fowls, comprising 35 males and 35 females, intended for slaughter, were extracted for the study. The body weights for both male and female helmeted guinea fowls were 1247 ± 5.51 g and 1230 ± 4.85 g, respectively. The mean brain weights were 3.39 ± 0.02 g and 3.47 ± 0.18 g for male and female, respectively, and the difference in the values was not significant (P > 0.05). The lengths of the brain and medulla oblongata, as well as the lengths of the midbrain and mesencephalic tectum, did not differ between the two sexes. Neither the mean weights nor lengths of the pons differed between the two sexes. In conclusion, the results of this study showed that there was no sex dimorphism observed in the morphometry of the midbrain, medulla oblongata and pons in the helmeted guinea fowl.

scholarly journals Comparative morphometry of the brainstem of the male and female Helmeted Guinea Fowl (Numida meleagris)

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-124
Author(s):  
Mohammed Adam ◽  
Barth Izuchukwu Onyeanusi ◽  
Joseph Olusegun Hambolu ◽  
Suleiman Folorunsho Ambali ◽  
Chikera Samuel Ibe
Keyword(s):  
Medulla Oblongata ◽  
Guinea Fowl ◽  
The Body ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Numida Meleagris ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Brain

Abstract The aim of this study was to obtain base-line morphometric data on the whole brain and brainstem in the adult male and female helmeted guinea fowl (Numida meleagris), and compare the result in the two sexes. Brain samples of seventy adult helmeted guinea fowls, comprising 35 males and 35 females, intended for slaughter, were extracted for the study. The body weights for both male and female helmeted guinea fowls were 1247 ± 5.51 g and 1230 ± 4.85 g, respectively. The mean brain weights were 3.39 ± 0.02 g and 3.47 ± 0.18 g for male and female, respectively, and the difference in the values was not significant (P > 0.05). The lengths of the brain and medulla oblongata, as well as the lengths of the midbrain and mesencephalic tectum, did not differ between the two sexes. Neither the mean weights nor lengths of the pons differed between the two sexes. In conclusion, the results of this study showed that there was no sex dimorphism observed in the morphometry of the midbrain, medulla oblongata and pons in the helmeted guinea fowl.

An Ultrastructural Study of Pericytes

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 66-67
Author(s):  
T. M. Murad ◽  
E. von Haam
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Myoepithelial Cells ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
The Body ◽  
Capillary Blood Vessel ◽  
Outer Plasma Membrane

Pericytes are vascular satellites present around capillary blood vessels and small venules. They have been observed in almost every tissue of the body and are thought to be related to vascular smooth muscle cells. Morphologically pericytes have great similarity to vascular endothelial cells and also slightly resemble myoepithelial cells.The present study describes the ultrastructural morphology of pericytes in normal breast tissue and in benign tumor of the breast. The study showed that pericytes are ovoid or elongated cells separated from the endothelial cell of the capillary blood vessel by the basement membrane of endothelial cell. The nuclei of pericytes are often very distinctive. Although some are round, oval, or elongated, others show marked irregularity and infolding of the nuclear membrane. The cytoplasm shows mono-or bipolar extension in which the cytoplasmic organelles are located (Fig. 1). These cytoplasmic extensions embrace the capillary blood vessel incompletely. The plasma membrane exhibits multiple areas of focal condensation called hemidesmosomes (Fig. 2, arrow). A variable number of pinocytotic vesicles are frequently seen lining the outer plasma membrane. Normally pericytes are surrounded by a basement membrane which is found more consistently on the outer plasma membrane separating the pericytes from the stromal connective tissue.

Biodegradable polyester neuroprostheses promote the reconnection of separated peripheral nerve stubs

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1094-1095
Author(s):  
Beverly L. Giammara ◽  
Jennifer S. Stevenson ◽  
Peggy E. Yates ◽  
Robert H. Gunderson ◽  
Jacob S. Hanker
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Type Iii Collagen ◽  
Image Analysis System ◽  
Biodegradable Polyester ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Type Iv

An 11mm length of sciatic nerve was removed from 10 anesthetized adult rats and replaced by a biodegradable polyester Vicryl™ mesh sleeve which was then injected with the basement membrane gel, Matrigel™. It was noted that leg sensation and movement were much improved after 30 to 45 days and upon sacrifice nerve reconnection was noted in all animals. Epoxy sections of the repaired nerves were compared with those of the excised segments by the use of a variation of the PAS reaction, the PATS reaction, developed in our laboratories for light and electron microscopy. This microwave-accelerated technique employs periodic acid, thiocarbohydrazide and silver methenamine. It stains basement membrane or Type IV collagen brown and type III collagen (reticulin), axons, Schwann cells, endoneurium and perineurium black. Epoxy sections of repaired and excised nerves were also compared by toluidine blue (tb) staining. Comparison of the sections of control and repaired nerves was done by computer-assisted microscopic image analysis using an Olympus CUE-2 Image Analysis System.

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