scholarly journals Effects of Nitrogen Rates and Time of Application on Yield of Maize: Rainfall Variability Influenced Time of N Application

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zerihun Abebe ◽  
Hailu Feyisa
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
Marginal Rate ◽  
N Application ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Four Levels

Despite the fact that maize productivity is relatively better than other major cereal crops, its current productivity is still far below its potential productivity. N rate and time of application are among the major abiotic factors limiting the productivity of the crop. Because of such gaps, the experiment was conducted at Bako Agricultural Research Center in 2013 and 2014 cropping seasons to determine optimum N rate and time of application. Four levels of N rates (46, 69, 92, and 115 N kg ha−1) and four levels (T1, T2, T3, and T4) of different time of N application were arranged in factorial combinations. Moreover, previously recommended N and the control were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. In 2013, the highest significant biomass yield (21.2 tha−1) was obtained at 115 N kg ha−1 and T4 followed by 69 N kg ha−1 at T1 and T2 and 92 N kg ha−1 at T2. In contrast, the highest grain yield in 2013 was obtained at 92 N kg ha−1 at T2 followed by 115 N kg ha−1 at either T2 or T4 and 69 N kg ha−1 at either T1 or T3 application time. Interestingly, a significant yield increase by 37% was obtained when 92 N kg ha−1 at the time of T2 was applied compared to previous recommended 110 N kg ha−1 rate and time of application. In 2014, however, the highest yield was recorded when 92 N kg ha−1 at T1 was used. Application of 46 N kg ha−1 at T2 showed statistically similar yield performance when compared with previous N recommendation. The lowest yield was recorded from the control plot in both years. In 2013, the maximum net profit and acceptable marginal rate of return (MMR) were obtained when 92 N kg ha−1 at T2 was used for maize production during erratic and heavy rainfall distribution, particularly at a time of N application. However, the maximum net benefit (30743 ETB ha−1) and acceptable MRR could be obtained when 92 N kg ha−1 at T1 was used if the rainfall amount and distribution are relatively uniform. In conclusion, application of 92 N kg ha−1 at T1 (10–15 DAP and 35–40 DAP) is the best N rate and time of application in good rainy seasons and hence recommended for the end users. However, in the case of erratic and heavy rainy seasons, application of 92 N kg ha−1 at three times application regimes (1/3 N at 10–15 days after planting (DAP), 1/3 N at 35–40 DAP and 55–60 DAP) should be used to get maximum profit and acceptable MRR.

scholarly journals Optimizing Phosphorus and Row Spacing Management for the Production of Lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) in Vertisols of Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
pp. 82-93
Author(s):  
Gebrekidan Feleke ◽  
Almaz Meseret ◽  
Sisay Eshetu ◽  
Bizuwork Tafes
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Marginal Rate ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Four Levels

Poor agronomic management such as nutrient management and plant density are critical challenges of lentil production in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effects of different row spacing and phosphorus (P) applications on the seed yield of lentil at Ude and Minjar, in 2017 up to 2019. The experiment was conducted in completely randomized block design with three replications. The treatments were comprised of a factorial arrangement of three levels of row spacing (20, 30 and 40 cm) and four levels of P fertilizer (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg P2O5 ha-1). The result revealed that at Ude, the row spacing x P fertilizer interactions was a significant effect on the biomass, seed, and haulm yield of lentil. However, at Minjar; only the main effects of row spacing and P fertilizer had a significant effect on biomass, seed, and haulm yield. Phosphorus agronomic use efficiency was significantly influenced by the interaction of row spacing and P fertilizer. As a result, the highest phosphorus agronomic use efficiency was recorded at 30 kg P2O5 ha-1coupled with 20 cm row spacing at both locations. The economic analysis revealed that 20 cm row spacing and 30 kg P2O5 ha-1fertilizer managements gave the highest net benefit and acceptable marginal rate of return (MRR) as compared to other practices at both locations. Therefore, 20 cm row spacing and 30 kg P2O5 ha-1rate of fertilizer would be recommended to enhance the productivity of lentil in the study areas.

scholarly journals Response of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Varieties to Blended Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Sulfur Fertilizer Rate at Kokate, Southern Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-85
Author(s):  
Asfaw Berhanu Sadebo ◽  
Gobeze Loha Yada ◽  
Asfaw Kifle Wadole ◽  
Abrham Bosha
Keyword(s):  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Marginal Rate ◽  
Improved Varieties ◽  
Local Cultivar

Low production and productivity of potato in Ethiopia is associated with poor soil fertility and limitation of high yielding crop variety. Matching high yielding cultivar with optimum fertilization of balanced nutrients is of paramount important to boost tuber yield of potato. Hence, a field experiment was conducted during 2019/20 cropping season at Kokate testing site of Areka Agricultural Research Center in southern Ethiopia in order to evaluate the response of potato varieties to NPS fertilizer rates. Treatments used in the study were two improved varieties of potato (Gudane and Belete) one local cultivar with six rates of blended NPS (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 kg/ha NPS) combined in factorial and laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. As this investigation indicated that at all rates of NPS fertilizer, improved varieties out yielded the local cultivar Asmara with relative superiority of variety Belete for marketable tuber yield. Economic analysis revealed that the highest net benefit of 276326 Birr/ha with marginal rate of return (MRR) 3762% was obtained from variety Belete at NPS fertilizer rate of 200 kg/ha followed by variety Gudane at the same fertilizer rate with net benefit of 270350 Birr/ha and MRR of 3372%. Based on this finding, varieties Belete and Gudane could be used for production at NPS fertilizer rate of 200 kg/ha near study area and similar agro-ecologies.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Blended Fertilizer Formulas under Limed Condition of Acid Soil on Soybean (Glycine max) at Asossa District of Benishal-gul Gumuz Regional State

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-29
Author(s):  
Teriku Legesse ◽  
Bakala Anbessa ◽  
Dassalegn Temene ◽  
Getahun Dereje
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Marginal Rate ◽  
Exchangeable Acidity ◽  
Budget Analysis ◽  
Marginal Rate Of Return

Purpose: To evaluate the blended fertilizer formulas types, under unlimed limed condition of Asossa acid soil on soybean in Benishagul Gumuz of Ethiopia. Methods: Two factorial RCB design with three replications was used in the investigation. Five types of blended fertilizer formulas were tested under limed and unlimed condition in Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design. Lime and blended fertilizer types were used as factor. The amount of lime that was applied at each location was calculated on the basis of the exchangeable acidity, bulk density and 15 cm depth of the soil. One mole of exchangeable acidity would be neutralized by an equivalent mole of CaCO3. Accordingly, the amount of lime for this particular activity would be uniformly applied for all plots at 1.5 times of the exchangeable acidity (Equation 1) and incorporated in to the soil a month before seed sowing. Results: The effects of applied lime (CaCO3) and fertilizer types on growth and yield components of soybean were non-significantly (P>0.05) influenced except 100 seed weight, whereas the lime by blended fertilizer types interaction effects were not-significantly (P>0.05) affect all growth and yield components of soybean (Table 2). The highest plant height (71.58 cm) was obtained from NPKSZnB (Formula 5 modified) fertilizer type, however statistically non-significant from the other treatments. Conclusion: The partial budget analysis indicated that, it was not necessarily based on the highest marginal rate of return, rather based on the minimum acceptable marginal rate of return and the treatment with the high net benefit, relatively low variable cost together with an acceptable MRR becomes the tentative recommendation. Therefore we recommend the treatments (100 kg /ha NPSB) that have acceptable marginal rate of return, relatively high net benefit and relatively small total cost of production for soybean production in Asossa zone.

scholarly journals Performance of ‘Fuji Suprema’ apple trees treated with budbreak promoters, in São Joaquim-SC

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateus da Silveira Pasa ◽  
João Felippeto ◽  
Gilberto Nava ◽  
Carina Pereira da Silva ◽  
Alberto Fontanella Brighenti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Growing Seasons

Abstract The application of rest breaking agents to overcome the lack of chilling is a common practice in apple orchards in southern Brazil. However, its necessity in areas of greater chilling accumulation, like in the city São Joaquim, Santa Catarina State (SC), has been questioned over the years. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different budbreak promoters, on the performance of ‘Fuji Suprema’ apple trees, in the region of São Joaquim/SC. The study was performed at the Experimental Station of São Joaquim - Santa Catarina Agricultural Research and Extension Agency (EPAGRI), in the growing seasons of 2013/2014, 2014/2015, and 2015/2016. Plant material consisted of 10-year-old ‘Fuji Suprema apple trees grafted on the rootstock ‘M.9’ and arranged in a randomized complete block design with five replicates. Treatments consisted of a nutrient solution containing soluble nitrogen and calcium (NCaS), combined with either calcium nitrate or mineral oil, at different rates; and hydrogen cyanamide combined with mineral oil. The time of application was when buds were between the stages A (dormant bud) and B (swollen bud; silver tip). The influence of treatments on flowering, budbreak, yield components, and fruit quality was assessed. Flowering and fruit quality were little affected by treatments. In the other hand, the budbreak promoters consistently improved axillary budbreak in two out of three seasons.

scholarly journals Residual Nitrogen Contributions from Grain Legumes to the Growth and Development of Succeeding Maize Crop

ISRN Agronomy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Adeleke ◽  
I. M. Haruna
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Residual Nitrogen ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Growth Characters

Field experiment was conducted at the Institute for Agricultural Research Farm at Samaru, Nigeria in 2008 and 2009 rainy seasons to investigate the residual nitrogen contributions by four legume crops (soyabean, cowpea, lablab, and groundnut) to the growth and development of succeeding maize given four levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 40, 80, and 120 kg N ha−1). In 2008, the treatments consisted of four legumes, maize and a fallow period. The six treatments were laid out using randomized complete block design replicated four times. In 2009, maize crop was planted on the previous crops’ plots and fallow. The experimental design used was split-plot with previous legumes, maize, or fallow as main plots, and the four nitrogen fertilizer treatments as subplots. Results obtained showed that nitrogen availability in the top soils of the previous legumes and fallow compared with that of maize plot was increased by 250, 200, 170, 107 and 157% after lablab, groundnut, cowpea, soyabean and fallow, respectively. Maize grown on previous lablab plot significantly recorded higher growth characters compared with maize following other legumes and fallow. Growth of maize was highest with the application of lower rates of nitrogen after lablab and groundnut compared with maize after maize.

scholarly journals Effect of micronutrient foliar application on morphology, yield and iron and zinc grain concentration of durum wheat genotypes

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-238
Author(s):  
Manochehr Shiri ◽  
Asghar Mehraban ◽  
Ahmad Tobe
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Four Levels

Durum wheat has a comparative adaptive advantage over bread wheat under hot and dry conditions. Accordingly, it feeds millions of people in the Middle East and North Africa. Under these conditions, the deficiency of nutrients, including micronutrients, is a major concern for many reasons, including calcareous soil under drought stress conditions. Therefore, growth, yield, iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) concentration in durum wheat cultivar grains were investigated. A factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in the Dryland Agricultural Research Institute (DARI) - Moghan. The first factor comprised spraying at four levels, including the control and foliar spraying with Fe, Zn, and Fe+Zn and the second factor consisted of genotypes at four levels: Dehdasht (G1), Seymareh (G2), and two new genotypes (G3 and G4). Solutions of Fe and Zn fertilizers were sprayed at the tillering, early ear emergence, and milk stages, with a ratio of 2 and 1.5 g fertilizer/1000 ml solution (W/V), respectively. The results showed that genotypes G1, G3 and G4 produced higher grain yield per square meter than G2. This increase was due to the higher weight of 1000 grains in G3 and G4 genotypes and 1000-grain weight with a higher grain number in G1. G1 and G2 had greater spike length, number of grains per spike and spikelet than G3 and G4 genotypes. In all studied traits, except Fe and Zn concentration, the combination of Fe+Zn showed the highest and control had the lowest performance. Also, the application of Zn was superior to Fe. The highest Fe concentration of G1, G2, G3, and G4 was observed at Fe+Zn, control, Zn, and Fe levels, respectively. The highest Zn concentrations were observed in the G3 genotype when only Zn was used or in combination with Fe. According to the results, the Fe and Zn spray application increased durum wheat yield on Fe and Zn deficient soil.

scholarly journals Effect of N, P, K and Cowdung on the Growth and Yield of Panchamukhi Kachu (Colocasia esculenta var. esculenta Schott.)

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
MR Islam ◽  
M Moniruzzaman ◽  
SN Mozumder
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Colocasia Esculenta ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Marginal Rate ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Four Levels

A field experiment was carried out during two consecutive cropping seasons of 2001-02 and 2002-03 at the Agricultural Research Station, Raikhali, Rangamati, to optimize fertilizer need for desirable yield of Panchamukhi Kachu (Colocasia esculenta var. esculenta Schott.). Fourteen combinations of treatments consisting four levels of N (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg/ha), five levels of P2O5 (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 kg/ha), four levels of K2O (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg/ha) and three levels of cowdung (0, 10, 20 and 30 t/ha) were tested. A positive impact of each nutrient and cowdung application was observed on vegetative growth and fresh yield of the crop. The highest yield (average of two years) of 35.20 t/ha (54% increase over control) was obtained with the application of 100 kg of N, 75kg P2O5, 180 kg, K2O and 10t cowdung/ha. From the economic point of view, the combination of 100 kg of N, 75kg P2O5, 180 kg K2O and 10 ton cowdung/ha was found to be the most suitable one which offered a gross return and gross margin of TK. 3.25 lakh/ha and Tk. 3.39 lakh/ha, respectively coupled with marginal rate of return as high as 3530.77%. Key words: Panchamukhi kachu, growth, yield.

scholarly journals Profitability and Impact of Inorganic Fertilizers on the Maize Production in Ekona, Cameroon

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 76-84
Author(s):  
Lawrence Tatanah Nanganoa ◽  
Francis Ajebesone Ngome ◽  
Juliana Namein Ngong ◽  
Sone Kone Edigar Atache ◽  
Jeremiah Ndande Ebonlo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Fertilizer Use ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

Summary Declining soil fertility and low fertilizer use are the major abiotic factors limiting the maize production in Cameroon. Therefore, the design and introduction of appropriate fertilizer schemes, which would improve maize yields and provide incentives for smallholder farmers, are considered imperative. In 2018, a field experiment was conducted on the farm of the Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD) in Ekona, the south-west region of Cameroon, to investigate the profitability and impact of inorganic fertilizers on maize production. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replications and four treatments, using different fertilizer rates per hectare in each treatment (namely unfertilized control (T1), 50 kg urea + 50 kg N-P-K (T2), 100 kg urea + 100 kg N-P-K (T3) and 150 kg urea + 150 kg N-P-K (T4)). The results obtained indicate that all the maize growth parameters (plant height, number of leaves per plant, stem girth and leaf area) and yield components considered (cob length, cob diameter and test weight of 100 grains) were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in T4 than T1. The grain yields recorded ranged from 4.09–5.88 t ha−1 and were also statistically (P < 0.05) higher in T4 than T1. The incremental income based on the fertilizer use was the highest in T4, followed by T3 and T2. The value cost ratio (VCR) was greater than 2 in all the treatments and was found to be highest in T2 (3.15), followed by T4 (2.52) and T3 (2.49). As T2, T3 and T4 did not differ statistically (P > 0.05), all the fertilizer rates considered were economically viable, but T4 provide the most cost-effective due to its higher grain yields and incremental income.

scholarly journals Response of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) to Potassium and Sulfur Application at Kafta Humera District, Western Tigray, Northern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Teame Shimgabr ◽  
Lemma Wogi ◽  
Anteneh Argaw
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Total N ◽  
Four Levels

Potassium and sulfur are among the most important nutrients limiting sesame production. EthioSIS soil testing map indicate that nutrients such as K and S are deficient in the study site. Study was carried out to investigate response of sesame to K and S application at Humera Agricultural Research Center, Kafta Humera district, Tigray, Ethiopia in 2016 main cropping season. Treatments consisted four levels of potassium (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg K2O ha-1 as KCl) and four levels of sulfur (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg ha-1 as CaSO4.2H2O). The experiment was laid out as Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in factorial arrangement with three replications using Setit-1 sesame variety. Soil sample was taken, result of soil analysis revealed that the soil was clayey textural class, neutral in soil reaction (pH = 7.35), low organic matter content (0.73%), very low total N (0.03 %) and very low available P (0.74 mg kg-1), high  soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) (40 cmol(+) kg-1), medium exchangeable K (0.26 cmol(+) kg-1) and low extractable sulfur (4.78 mg kg-1). Maximum sesame grain yields (1371.67 kg ha-1) was obtained from plot treated with 20 kg K2O ha-1 + 40 kg S ha-1 which resulted 145.3% increase over the control  plot`s yield. From plots fertilized with K and S levels at a rate of 20 kg K ha-1 and 40 kg S ha-1 was obtained higher yield of sesame. It is conclude, therefore, it will be good to promote K and S for further demonstration.

scholarly journals Optimizing N Fertilizer Use for Sesame Under Rain Fed and Irrigation Conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zenawi Gebregergis ◽  
Fiseha Baraki Sibhatu ◽  
Goitom Teame
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
N Application ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Budget Analysis ◽  
Irrigation Condition ◽  
Growing Conditions

Inappropriate use of fertilizers is one of the major production constraints in sesame. Studies to optimize the use of N fertilizer on sesame were conducted at Humera Agricultural Research Center (HuARC) under rain fed and irrigation conditions. Thirteen (13) N doses were evaluated in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) during 2016, 2017 and 2018. In the rain fed condition; results showed higher number of days to 50% flowering on the higher N application. The 31-121.5 kg N ha-1 have scored higher seed yield, where the lower (18 kg N ha-1) and higher (156 kg N ha-1) N doses scored lower seed yield. In the irrigation condition; higher N application rate prolonged the flowering time to some extent and days to 90% maturity was reduced as N rate increased. Heavier seed weights and maximum seed yield were recorded on 64 and 75 kg N ha-1 and the lower N doses scored low seed yield. Agronomic efficiency of N fertilizer (N-AE) was higher on 64 kg N ha-1 under both growing conditions. The partial budget analysis revealed that 64 kg N ha-1 (rain fed) and 75 kg N ha-1 (irrigation) had the higher net profit, MRR and residual ranking. Therefore, for the greater sesame productivity 64 kg N ha-1 has to be recommended for rain fed and 64 to 75 kg N ha-1 for the irrigated sesame.

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