scholarly journals Necrotizing Pseudomonas aeruginosa Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Satish Maharaj ◽  
Carmen Isache ◽  
Karan Seegobin ◽  
Simone Chang ◽  
Grant Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Obstructive Lung Disease ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Necrotizing Pneumonia ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Route Of Infection ◽  
The Right

Lung cavities are not typically associated with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). CAP due to P. aeruginosa is rare and even less commonly causes necrotizing pneumonia. We report a case of P. aeruginosa CAP that progressed to necrotizing pneumonia and was eventually fatal. Procalcitonin (PCT) has been well investigated in guiding antibiotic therapy (especially CAP) in adults. In this case, PCT at presentation and sequentially was negative. We discuss this caveat and present hypotheses as to the sensitivity and specificity of PCT and C-reactive protein (CRP) in these patients. To better characterize P. aeruginosa CAP, we undertook a review of cases indexed in PubMed from 2001 to 2016 (n=9). The data reveal that risk factors for P. aeruginosa CAP include smoking, alcohol use, obstructive lung disease, sinusitis, and hot tub use. The route of infection for P. aeruginosa CAP remains unknown. One of the most interesting findings on reviewing cases was that P. aeruginosa CAP involves the right upper lobe in the vast majority. We suggest that when physicians in the community see patients with distinctly upper lobe necrotizing or cavitary pneumonia, they should consider P. aeruginosa in their differential diagnosis. Further studies are needed to clarify route of infection, role of PCT and CRP, and optimal therapy including drug and duration.

Hypothyroidism and cardiovascular system

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (7) ◽  
pp. 497-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Verbovoy ◽  
Lyudmila A. Sharonova ◽  
O. V. Kosareva ◽  
N. I. Verbovaya ◽  
Yu. A. Dolgikh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Myocardial Remodeling ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
The Relationship

The article presents data on the relationship between thyroid dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases. The role of dyslipidemia, adipokines (adiponectin, leptin, resistin), C-reactive protein, deficiency of vitamin D3 in the development of cardiovascular disease in hypothyroidism is discussed. The article describes characteristics of myocardial remodeling, its dysfunction and their correlation with risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in patients with hypothyroidism.

scholarly journals Addressing the Perfect Storm: Biomarkers in Obesity and Pathophysiology of Cardiometabolic Risk

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krasimira Aleksandrova ◽  
Dariush Mozaffarian ◽  
Tobias Pischon
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Disease Prediction ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Cardiometabolic Diseases ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Novel Biomarkers

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe worldwide rise of obesity has provoked intensified research to better understand its pathophysiology as a means for disease prevention. Several biomarkers that may reflect various pathophysiological pathways that link obesity and cardiometabolic diseases have been identified over the past decades.CONTENTWe summarize research evidence regarding the role of established and novel obesity-related biomarkers, focusing on recent epidemiological evidence for detrimental associations with cardiometabolic diseases including obesity-related cancer. The reviewed biomarkers include biomarkers of glucose–insulin homeostasis (insulin, insulin-like growth factors, and C-peptide), adipose tissue biomarkers (adiponectin, omentin, apelin, leptin, resistin, and fatty-acid-binding protein-4), inflammatory biomarkers (C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor α), and omics-based biomarkers (metabolites and microRNAs).SUMMARYAlthough the evidence for many classical obesity biomarkers, including adiponectin and C-reactive protein (CRP), in disease etiology has been initially promising, the evidence for a causal role in humans remains limited. Further, there has been little demonstrated ability to improve disease prediction beyond classical risk factors. In the era of “precision medicine,” there is an increasing interest in novel biomarkers, and the extended list of potentially promising biomarkers, such as adipokines, cytokines, metabolites, and microRNAs, implicated in obesity may bring new promise for improved, personalized prevention. To further evaluate the role of obesity-related biomarkers as etiological and early-disease-prediction targets, well-designed studies are needed to evaluate temporal associations, replicate findings, and test clinical utility of novel biomarkers. In particular, studies to determine the therapeutic implications of novel biomarkers beyond established metabolic risk factors are highly warranted.

scholarly journals Role of Plasma Presepsin, Procalcitonin and C-reactive Protein Levels in Determining the Severity and Mortality of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in the Emergency Department

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Pneumonia Severity ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Imaging Results ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: In this study, we aimed to explore the role of the plasma presepsin level in patients with community-acquired pneumonia during admission to the emergency department in assessing the diagnosis, severity, and prognosis of the disease. In addition, we wanted to investigate the relationship of presepsinin with procalcitonin, C-reactive protein and pneumonia severity scores. Methods: One hundred twenty-three patients over the age of 18 who presented with a diagnosis of pneumonia to the emergency department were included in the study. The vital signs, symptoms, examination findings, background information, laboratory results, and radiological imaging results of the patients were recorded. The 30-day mortality rates of the patients were determined. Results: A statistically significant difference was found between the presepsin levels of the patients diagnosed with pneumonia and those of healthy subjects (p < 0.05). The plasma presepsin levels of the patients who died (8.63 ± 6.46) were significantly higher than those of the patients who lived (5.82 ± 5.97) (p < 0.05). The plasma procalcitonin and C-reactive protein levels of the dead patients were significantly higher than those living (p < 0.05). A presepsin cut-off value of 3.3 ng/mL for 30-day mortality was established (AUROC, 0.65; specificity, 45%; sensitivity, 82%). Procalcitonin is the most successful biomarker in the determination of mortality (AUROC, 0.70). A significant correlation was available between presepsin and lactate, C-reactive protein and procalcitonin (p < 0.05). There was a significant correlation between the Pneumonia Severity Index values and presepsin levels (p < 0.001, r = 0.311). Conclusion: The plasma presepsin level can be utilized for diagnosing community-acquired pneumonia. Plasma presepsin, procalcitonin and C-reactive protein levels can be used to predict the severity and mortality of community-acquired pneumonia.

scholarly journals What factors explain the much higher diabetes prevalence in Russia compared with Norway? Major sex differences in the contribution of adiposity

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e002021
Author(s):  
Olena Iakunchykova ◽  
Maria Averina ◽  
Tom Wilsgaard ◽  
Sofia Malyutina ◽  
Alexander V Kudryavtsev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Marginal Structural Models ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Design And Methods

IntroductionCompared with many other countries Russia has a high prevalence of diabetes in men and women. However, contrary to what is found in most other populations, the risk is greater among women than men. The reasons for this are unclear.Research design and methodsPrevalence and risk factors for diabetes at ages 40–69 years were compared in two population-based studies: Know Your Heart (KYH) (Russia, 2015–2018, n=4121) and the seventh wave of the Tromsø Study (Tromsø 7) (Norway, 2015–2016, n=17 649). Diabetes was defined by the level of glycated hemoglobin and/or self-reported diabetes and/or diabetes medication use. Marginal structural models were used to estimate the role of key risk factors for diabetes in differences between the studies.ResultsAge-standardized prevalence of diabetes was higher in KYH compared with Tromsø 7 in men (11.6% vs 6.2%) and in women (13.2% vs 4.3%). Age-adjusted ORs for diabetes in KYH compared with Tromsø 7 were 2.01 (95% CI 1.68 to 2.40) for men and 3.66 (95% CI 3.13 to 4.26) for women. Adiposity (body mass index and waist circumference) explained none of this effect for men but explained 46.0% (39.6, 53.8) for women. Addition of smoking and C reactive protein, as further mediators, slightly increased the percentage explained of the difference between studies to 55.5% (46.5, 66.0) for women but only to 9.9% (−0.6, 20.8) for men.ConclusionsAdiposity is a key modifiable risk factor that appears to explain half of the almost threefold higher female prevalence of diabetes in Russia compared with Norway, but none of the twofold male difference.

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