scholarly journals Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia Secondary to Cocaine Abuse

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Richard L. Rabin ◽  
Azeem Wasay ◽  
Nicolas Biro ◽  
Marcelle Morcos
Keyword(s):  
Cocaine Abuse ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Imaging ◽  
Recreational Drug ◽  
Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia ◽  
Rehabilitation Facility ◽  
Recreational Drug Use ◽  
Lost To Follow Up ◽  
The Brain ◽  
And Diffusion

Purpose. To report a case of internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) caused by cocaine. Method. We report a case of a 54-year-old female who presented with a left INO three days after snorting cocaine, and we review the literature. Results. MRI of the brain demonstrated several small abnormal foci in the pons on FLAIR and diffusion weighted imaging consistent with ischemic infarction. The patient’s symptoms remained stable throughout her hospitalization. She was sent to a rehabilitation facility and was lost to follow-up. Conclusion. In cases of extraocular movement abnormalities, it is important to inquire about recreational drug use.

Magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion‐weighted imaging in methylmalonic acidemia

2005 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Yeşildağ ◽  
A. Ayata ◽  
B. Baykal ◽  
M. Koroglu ◽  
H. Yıldız ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Imaging ◽  
Methylmalonic Acidemia ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Brain ◽  
And Diffusion

Methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) is an inborn disorder of amino acid metabolism, often presenting with neurological symptoms. We present the results of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) of the brain in a 16‐month‐old male patient with classic neurological and laboratory findings for MMA. MRI demonstrated the hyperintensity within globi pallidi both on T2‐weighted image and DWI during the acute episode of metabolic acidosis.

Brain Biopsy in Tuberculoma: The Risks and Benefits

Neurosurgery ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bouchama ◽  
M. Zuheir Al-Kawi ◽  
I. Kanaan ◽  
R. Coates ◽  
A. Jallu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Mortality ◽  
Brain Biopsy ◽  
Drug Compliance ◽  
Antituberculous Therapy ◽  
Additional Surgery ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Histological Confirmation ◽  
Lost To Follow Up ◽  
The Brain

Abstract In developing countries, 5 to 8% of the space-occupying lesions of the central nervous system are tuberculomas. Diagnosis can be difficult in the absence of extracranial tuberculosis; computed tomography is suggestive only. To assess the value of brain biopsies in tuberculomas, the records of 15 patients aged 6 to 80 years were reviewed. Histological confirmation was obtained in 15 patients, and acid-fast bacilli were cultured from 12 patients. Intracranial hypertension was the principal sign in 11 patients; other neurological signs were related to the location of the tuberculoma. One patient had evidence of extracranial tuberculosis. Biopsy-related complications consisted of an epidural hematoma in 1 patient and hydrocephalus in another; both required additional surgery. One case of tuberculous meningitis was probably related to surgery and poor drug compliance. There was no postoperative mortality. Thirteen patients (2 were lost to follow-up) were cured after an average of 16 months of antituberculous therapy. It was concluded that the brain biopsy is useful in diagnosing tuberculoma but that there is some associated risk.

scholarly journals Recreational Drug Use in People Living with HIV in Spain: Factors Associated with Drug Use and the Impact on Clinical Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Castro-Granell ◽  
Noé Garin ◽  
Ángeles Jaén ◽  
José Luis Casado ◽  
Lorna Leal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Well Being ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Recreational Drug ◽  
Recreational Drugs ◽  
Antiretroviral Adherence ◽  
Recreational Drug Use ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWe analysed the impact of recreational drug use (RDU) on different outcomes in people living with HIV (PLHIV). A multicentre retrospective cohort study was performed with two cohorts of PLHIV included: people using recreational drugs (PURD) vs. people not using recreational drugs (PNURD). Overall, 275 PLHIV were included. RDU was associated with men having sex with men (OR 4.14, 95% CI [1.14, 5.19]), previous sexually transmitted infections (OR 4.00, 95% CI [1.97, 8.13]), and current smoking (OR 2.74, 95% CI [1.44, 5.19]). While the CD4/CD8 ratio increased amongst PNURD during the follow-up year, it decreased amongst PURD (p = 0.050). PURD presented lower scores of self-reported and multi-interval antiretroviral adherence (p = 0.017, and p = 0.006, respectively), emotional well-being (p < 0.0001), and regular follow-up (p = 0.059), but paid more visits to the emergency unit (p = 0.046). RDU worsens clinical, immunological, and mental health outcomes amongst PLHIV.

scholarly journals P.110 Effects of hypoglycemia on sensitive brain structures in a patient with an insulinoma

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (s2) ◽  
pp. S45-S45
Author(s):  
S Khayambashi ◽  
M Ng ◽  
P Katz ◽  
S Udow
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Radiographic Findings ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Signal Change ◽  
Heavy Alcohol Use ◽  
The Brain ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Recurrent Hypoglycemia

Background: A previously healthy 26 year-old male presented with confusion and recurrent hypoglycemia (blood glucose lows of 2.5 mmol/L) while on vacation in Las Vegas. He denied substance or heavy alcohol use and the toxicology screen was negative. He was transferred home to Winnipeg for further care and was found to have only patchy memories of his trip and the days leading up to the trip, consistent with mixed anterograde and retrograde amnesia. MoCA score at presentation was 16/30 with points lost on orientation, delayed recall and visuospatial-executive tasks. MRI revealed T2 hyperintensities and diffusion abnormalities in bilateral hippocampi and globus pallidi. Electroencephalography showed triphasic waves. The patient was found to have a pancreatic insulinoma, which was surgically resected. In follow-up nine weeks later he was near his cognitive baseline, though he had ongoing difficulties with delayed recall. Repeat MRI showed improvement but not resolution of hippocampal and pallidal signal change, with mild hippocampal atrophy.Neuropathological and animal studies have shown that structures most sensitive to hypoglycemic neural injury include the hippocampus, basal ganglia, and neocortex. The clinical and radiographic findings in this case illustrate an unusual presentation of insulinoma and the effects of hypoglycemia on the brain. Methods: N/A Results: N/A Conclusions: N/A

Fraser Syndrome With Megalencephaly: A Rare Association

2021 ◽  
pp. 097321792110463
Author(s):  
Manasi Gupta ◽  
Kalyan Chakravarthy Konda ◽  
Jayashree Purkayastha ◽  
Edward Lewis Leslie
Keyword(s):  
Septal Defect ◽  
Antenatal Diagnosis ◽  
Ductus Arteriosus ◽  
Secundum Atrial Septal Defect ◽  
Renal Hypoplasia ◽  
Fraser Syndrome ◽  
Lost To Follow Up ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Brain

An outborn term neonate was referred at 12 h of life with multiple congenital anomalies. A baby was born out of consanguineous marriage to a mother with 2 previous abortions. Clinical examination showed features such as bilateral cryptophthalmos, syndactyly involving all limbs, and clitoromegaly suggestive of Fraser syndrome. Ultrasound of the abdomen showed unilateral renal hypoplasia. Echocardiography showed ostium secundum atrial septal defect, small ventricular septal defect, and patent ductus arteriosus. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed megalencephaly with polygyria. Further evaluation and surgical treatment of cryptophthalmos were advised but could not be done because of socioeconomic constraint, and the neonate was discharged and lost to follow-up. The occurrence of cerebral malformations in Fraser syndrome is highly variable and not very well described in the literature. To the best of our knowledge, association of megalencephaly with this syndrome is being reported for the first time. We also intend to educate the physicians about the antenatal clues associated with this rare syndrome, which could promote antenatal diagnosis and thereby modify the outcome.

Rare cause of acute abdomen–cocaine-induced small intestinal perforation with coexisting lower gastrointestinal bleed: an unusual presentation

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. e239981
Author(s):  
Sriram Deivasigamani ◽  
Santhosh Irrinki ◽  
Jimil Shah ◽  
Yashwant Sakaray
Keyword(s):  
Cocaine Abuse ◽  
Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding ◽  
Recreational Drug ◽  
Intestinal Segment ◽  
Gastrointestinal Complications ◽  
Lower Gastrointestinal Bleed ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Addictive Drug ◽  
Bowel Mucosa

Cocaine, an alkaloid, is an addictive drug and its abuse as a recreational drug is on the increasing side with its associated complications. Gastrointestinal complications, after cocaine abuse, are less known and need to be addressed since the abuse is on the rise and the existing evidence is scarce. We report a case of a 22-year-old male patient who presented with abdominal pain following a cocaine injection. On examination, signs of peritonitis were noted and laparotomy revealed a 2×1 cm perforation in the distal ileum. The unhealthy intestinal segment was resected and taken out as a double-barrel ileostomy. The patient had an episode of severe lower gastrointestinal bleeding on postoperative day 6. CT and colonoscopy revealed signs of ischaemic bowel and tissue biopsy showed oedematous, inflamed and haemorrhagic bowel mucosa. The patient was managed conservatively and is doing well under follow-up in a de-addiction centre.

Lost to Follow-Up

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
ALAN ROCKOFF
Keyword(s):  
Lost To Follow Up
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