Antiherding in Financial Decision Increases Valuation of Return on Investment: An Event-Related Potential Study

Using event-related potentials, this study investigated how financial herding or antiherding affected the valuation of subsequent outcomes. For each trial, subjects decided whether to buy the stock according to its net money flow information which could be used to reflect the strength of buying power or selling power of the stock. The return on investment (ROI) as feedback included the increase or decrease percentage after subjects’ responses. Results showed that, compared with herding, antiherding induced larger discrepancies of FRN and P300 amplitude between positive ROI and negative ROI, indicating that individuals under antiherding condition had stronger motivation and paid more attention in the evaluation process of ROI. Moreover, only for positive ROI, the amplitudes of FRN and P300 were modulated by two kinds of behaviors. We suggested that individuals making antiherd decisions were more confident with their own ability and choices, which reduced the positive outcome prediction error and gave more mental resources to evaluate positive outcome. However, negative outcomes evoked no different motivational meaning and negative emotion for individuals between herding and antiherding. The study may provide new insights into neurocognitive processes of herding and antiherding in financial market.

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A Laboratory Word Memory Test Analogue Differentiates Intentional Feigning from True Responding Using the P300 Event-Related Potential

Brain Sciences ◽

10.3390/brainsci9050109 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 109 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

John F. Shelley-Tremblay ◽

Joshua C. Eyer ◽

Benjamin D. Hill

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Recognition Task ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Memory Test ◽

Event Related Potential ◽

P300 Amplitude ◽

Word Memory Test ◽

Word Memory ◽

Feigned Cognitive Impairment ◽

Related Potentials

Symptom exaggeration and feigned cognitive impairment occur commonly in forensic and medicolegal evaluations. As a result, methods to detect feigned cognitive impairment are an indispensable component of neuropsychological assessments. This study reports the results of two neurophysiological experiments using a forced-choice recognition task built from the stimuli of the Word Memory Test and Medical Symptom Validity Test as well as a new linguistically informed stimulus set. Participant volunteers were instructed either to do their best or to feign cognitive impairment consistent with a mild traumatic brain injury while their brain activity was monitored using event-related potentials (ERP). Experiment 1 varied instructions across individuals, whereas Experiment 2 varied instructions within individuals. The target brain component was a positive deflection indicating stimulus recognition that occurs approximately 300 ms after exposure to a stimulus (i.e., the P300). Multimodal comparison (P300 amplitude to behavioral accuracy) allowed the detection of feigned cognitive impairment. Results indicate that, for correct responses, P300s were equivalent for the simulated malingering and good effort conditions. However, for incorrect responses, feigned impairment produced reliable but significantly reduced P300 amplitudes. Although the P300 is an automatic index of recognition—even when knowledge is hidden—its amplitude appears capable of modulation by feigning strategies. Implications of this finding are discussed for research and clinical applications.

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The Effect of Apolipoprotein E ɛ4 (APOE E4) on Visuospatial Working Memory in Healthy Elders and Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment Patients: An Event-related Potentials Study

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.2064 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. S171-S172 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

L. Gu

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Apolipoprotein E ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Event Related Potential ◽

P300 Amplitude ◽

Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽

Time Range ◽

Visuospatial Working Memory ◽

Related Potentials ◽

Competing Interest

IntroductionPrevious studies provided inconsistent evidences for the effect of apolipoprotein E ɛ4 (APOE ɛ4) status on the visuospatial working memory (VSWM). Our study was the first investigation with event-related potential (ERP) to explore the effect of APOE ɛ4 on VSWM in healthy elders and aMCI patients.ObjectiveThe aim was to investigate the effect of APOE ɛ4 on VSWM with event-related potential (ERP) study in healthy elders and aMCI patients.MethodsThirty-nine aMCI patients (27 APOE ɛ4 non-carriers and 12 APOE ɛ4 carriers) and 43 their matched control (25 APOE ɛ4 non-carriers and 18 APOE ɛ4 carriers) performed an N-back task, a VSWM paradigm that manipulated the number of items to be stored in memory.ResultsOur study detected reduced accuracy and delayed mean correct response time in aMCI patients than healthy elders. P300 was elicited by VSWM and its amplitude was lower in aMCI patients at the central-parietal and parietal electrodes than healthy controls. In healthy elders, P300 amplitude declined prior to task performance change in APOE ɛ4 carriers than non-carriers. Regarding aMCI patients, P300 amplitude result revealed exacerbated VSWM deficits in APOE ɛ4 carriers than APOE ɛ4 non-carriers. Additionally, standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography analysis (s-LORETA) result showed enhanced brain activation in right parahippocampal gyrus during P300 time range in APOE ɛ4 carriers than non-carriers in aMCI patients (Fig. 1, Tables 1 and 2).ConclusionsIt demonstrated that P300 amplitude might serve as a biomarker for recognizing aMCI patients and contribute to early detection of worse VSWM in APOE ɛ4 carriers than non-carriers.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.

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A Neuroeconomics Analysis of Investment Process with Money Flow Information: The Error-Related Negativity

Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience ◽

10.1155/2015/701237 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cuicui Wang ◽

João Paulo Vieito ◽

Qingguo Ma

Keyword(s):

Financial Market ◽

Brain Activity ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Cognitive Effect ◽

Neural Basis ◽

Money Flow ◽

Flow Information ◽

Related Potentials ◽

The Difference ◽

Investment Process

This investigation is among the first ones to analyze the neural basis of an investment process with money flow information of financial market, using a simplified task where volunteers had to choose to buy or not to buy stocks based on the display of positive or negative money flow information. After choosing “to buy” or “not to buy,” participants were presented with feedback. At the same time, event-related potentials (ERPs) were used to record investor’s brain activity and capture the event-related negativity (ERN) and feedback-related negativity (FRN) components. The results of ERN suggested that there might be a higher risk and more conflict when buying stocks with negative net money flow information than positive net money flow information, and the inverse was also true for the “not to buy” stocks option. The FRN component evoked by the bad outcome of a decision was more negative than that by the good outcome, which reflected the difference between the values of the actual and expected outcome. From the research, we could further understand how investors perceived money flow information of financial market and the neural cognitive effect in investment process.

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Event Related Potentials and its role as Endophenotypes in Psychiatry

Bengal Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.51332/bjp.2014.v19.i1.61 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 11-19

Author(s):

Roshan Khanande ◽

Bhoomika Sachacher ◽

B Das ◽

S H Nizamie

Keyword(s):

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Cognitive Processes ◽

Mismatch Negativity ◽

Psychiatric Patients ◽

Genetic Research ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Event Related Potential ◽

P300 Amplitude ◽

Related Potentials ◽

Bipolar Affective Disorders

Familial segregation is a norm rather than an exception in psychiatry. Genetic research has failed to provide much anticipated unanimous, if not awaited answers to the complex predispositions to psychiatric disorders. Hence, the concept of endophenotype took birth. Endophenotype is an attribute which is hidden phenotype, which is described as internal phenotypes discoverable by biochemical test or microscopic examination. This concept was immediately picked up by psychiatry, giving a totally new direction to the search for root cause of various psychiatric disorders.Cognitive deterioration is inseparable from psychiatric disorders, known since dawn of psychiatry. However, cognitive deficits in FDRs (First Degree Relatives) of psychiatric patients were one of the first endophenotypes noted. Event Related Potential (ERP), a science known to be electrophysiological counterpart of various cognitive processes, was soon incorporated in search of endophenotypes in psychiatry. In schizophrenia reduced amplitude of MMN(Mismatch negativity), impaired suppression of P50 and reduced amplitude of P300; reduced P300 amplitude, impaired P50 suppression in Bipolar Affective Disorders; reduced P300 amplitude in substance dependence disorders have been reported to have endophenotypic values. Various other ERP waves such as CNV, N400 have been investigated but no conclusive reports are out yet. The ultimate goal of this science is to search for genes governing the cognitive processes responsible for ERP waves identified as Endophenotypes for specific psychiatric disorders, and the search has just started.Keywords : Event Related Potential, Endophenotype, Psychiatric Disorder, Mismatch negativity,P 300, P 50, CNV

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The Influence of Emotional Awareness on Time Perception: Evidence From Event-Related Potentials

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.704510 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Jia Ma ◽

Jiamei Lu ◽

Xu Li

Keyword(s):

Time Perception ◽

Positive Emotion ◽

Negative Emotion ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Emotional Awareness ◽

Event Related Potential ◽

Time Duration ◽

Arousal Mechanism ◽

Related Potentials ◽

Emotional Pictures

Prior studies found that participants overestimated both negative and positive emotional stimuli, compared with neutral emotion. This phenomenon can be explained by the “arousal mechanism.” Participants demonstrated individual differences in emotion perception. In other words, high emotional awareness resulted in high emotional arousal, and vice versa. This study extended existing findings by exploring the influence of emotional awareness on time perception in a temporal generalization task, while recording electroencephalographic (EEG) signals. The findings revealed that in the positive emotion condition, the high emotional awareness group made more overestimations, compared with the low emotional awareness group. However, no difference was observed in the neutral or negative emotion conditions. Moreover, the event-related potential (ERP) results showed that in the positive emotion condition, the high awareness group elicited larger vertex positive potential (VPP) amplitudes, compared with that of the low awareness group. However, no such differences were observed in the neutral and negative emotion conditions. Moreover, the contingent negative variation (CNV) (200–300, 300–490 ms) component showed that in the positive emotion, the amplitudes of the high awareness group were larger than that of the low awareness group; however, they did not show differences in the neutral condition. The findings of this study suggest that high emotional awareness produces higher physiological arousal; moreover, when participants were required to estimate the time duration of emotional pictures, they tended to make higher time overestimation. Thus, our results support the relationship between emotional awareness and time perception.

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N100, N200, and P300 Auditory Event-Related Potentials Depending on Handedness and Response Tasks such as Button Pressing and Mental Counting

Audiology and Speech Research ◽

10.21848/asr.200059 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 314-320

Author(s):

Jinsook Kim ◽

Kieun Lee ◽

Eunsung Lee

Keyword(s):

Event Related Potentials ◽

Event Related Potential ◽

P300 Amplitude ◽

Oddball Paradigm ◽

Auditory Event ◽

Counting Task ◽

Left Handed ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Related Potentials ◽

Mental Counting

Purpose: This study was to determine the effects of response tasks, such as button pressing and mental counting, and handedness on N100, N200, and P300 auditory event-related potential (AERP).Methods: A total of 50 normal-hearing young adults with the average age of 21.6 (±1.5) years participated in this study. Among them, 15 men and 15 women were right-handed and 10 men and 10 women were left-handed. An oddball paradigm was used to deliver 30 stimuli of 2 kHz target tone bursts and 120 stimuli of 1 kHz nontarget tone bursts. The stimuli were presented at 70 dB sound pressure level with the rate of 1/s.Results: The button pressing task elicited significantly smaller N100 and larger P300 amplitudes than the mental counting task. N200 latency was significantly lower and P300 amplitude was higher in left-handed participants than those who are right-handed. Appearance percentages of right-/left-handed participants for N100, N200, and P300 were 80/95%, 85/85%, and 75/75% for the button pressing task and 80/90%, 80/80%, and 70/70% for mental counting task, respectively.Conclusion: The significant difference in appearance percentage between response tasks supported that P300 was a strong endogenous potential. N100 and N200 were thought to have both endogenous and exogenous characteristics. A more sensitive approach in selecting the task of response for the target stimuli and careful consideration for the handedness is necessary for AERP recordings.

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Neural dynamics of trainee teachers' emotional conflict processing: An event-related potential study

Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal ◽

10.2224/sbp.8473 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (7) ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Li Jin ◽

Xu Li ◽

Jiamei Lu ◽

Nianqu Chen ◽

Lin Cheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

School Context ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Event Related Potential ◽

The Body ◽

Educational Context ◽

Congruent Condition ◽

Slow Potential ◽

Emotional Conflict ◽

Trainee Teachers ◽

Related Potentials

We investigated emotional conflict in an educational context with an emotional body–word Stroop paradigm, examining whether the N450 (a late fronto-central phasic negative event-related potential signature) and slow potential (SP) effects could be evoked in trainee teachers. The N450 effect is characterized by topography and negative polarity of an incongruent minus congruent difference potential, and the SP effect has positive polarity (incongruent minus congruent difference potential). Positive and negative body language examples were obtained from pupils in an actual school context, and emotional words were selected. Compound stimuli were presented, each comprising a congruent or incongruent word displayed across a body image. Event-related potentials were recorded while participants judged body expression valence. Reaction times were longer and accuracies were lower for the incongruent compared to the congruent condition. The N450 component amplitude in the incongruent condition was more negative than in the congruent condition. Results showed a behavioral interference effect and an N450 effect for trainee teachers in this context, thus indicating that the body–word task was efficient in assessing emotional conflict in an educational context, and trainee teachers' perception of body expressions of students could be influenced by emotional signals. The findings further the understanding of emotional conflict in an educational context.

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Eliciting and Recording Event Related Potentials (ERPs) in Behaviourally Unresponsive Populations: A Retrospective Commentary on Critical Factors

Brain Sciences ◽

10.3390/brainsci11070835 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 835

Author(s):

Alexander Rokos ◽

Richard Mah ◽

Rober Boshra ◽

Amabilis Harrison ◽

Tsee Leng Choy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Event Related Potentials ◽

Stimulus Presentation ◽

Event Related Potential ◽

Critical Factors ◽

Healthy Elderly ◽

States Of Consciousness ◽

Long Latency ◽

Eeg Data ◽

Related Potentials ◽

The Relationship

A consistent limitation when designing event-related potential paradigms and interpreting results is a lack of consideration of the multivariate factors that affect their elicitation and detection in behaviorally unresponsive individuals. This paper provides a retrospective commentary on three factors that influence the presence and morphology of long-latency event-related potentials—the P3b and N400. We analyze event-related potentials derived from electroencephalographic (EEG) data collected from small groups of healthy youth and healthy elderly to illustrate the effect of paradigm strength and subject age; we analyze ERPs collected from an individual with severe traumatic brain injury to illustrate the effect of stimulus presentation speed. Based on these critical factors, we support that: (1) the strongest paradigms should be used to elicit event-related potentials in unresponsive populations; (2) interpretation of event-related potential results should account for participant age; and (3) speed of stimulus presentation should be slower in unresponsive individuals. The application of these practices when eliciting and recording event-related potentials in unresponsive individuals will help to minimize result interpretation ambiguity, increase confidence in conclusions, and advance the understanding of the relationship between long-latency event-related potentials and states of consciousness.

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The evaluation of Hashimoto's thyroiditis with event-related potentials and magnetic resonance spectroscopy and its relation to cognitive function

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-82281-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Marta Waliszewska-Prosół ◽

Joanna Bladowska ◽

Sławomir Budrewicz ◽

Marek Sąsiadek ◽

Edyta Dziadkowiak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Function ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Brain Dysfunction ◽

P300 Amplitude ◽

Hashimoto's Thyroiditis ◽

Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Related Potentials

AbstractThyroid dysfunction is very often accompanied by cognitive and affective disorders. The frequency of these disorders in patients with compensated Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is unknown. The aim of the present study was to evaluate brain dysfunction in euthyroid HT patients by means of event-related potentials (ERP) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and to correlate it with cognitive function. 68 patients with HT (59 female, 9 male) and 45 healthy controls were included in the study. All the patients underwent ERP including an analysis of N200 and P300 response parameters. MRS voxels were located in the posterior cingulate gyrus (PCG) and the left parietal white matter (PWM). The NAA/Cr, mI/Cr, and Cho/Cr ratios were analysed. The ERP parameters, MRS metabolite ratios and hormonal concentrations (TSH, fT3, fT4) as well as TGAb and TPOAb titer were also correlated. There was a significant prolongation of the latencies of N200 and P300 potentials and a significant decrease of P300 amplitude in HT patients than in the control group. There was a significant positive correlation between the mI/Cr ratio in the PCG area and P300 latencies. NAA/Cr ratio in the PCG region showed significant negative correlations with all N200 latencies. The results may suggest brain dysfunction in neurologically asymptomatic HT patients. ERPs undergo significant changes in patients with HT and may, in combination with MRS, constitute an important element in the recognition and monitoring of cognitive functions in this group of patients.

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Automaticity of Early Sexual Attention: An Event-Related Potential Study

Sexual Abuse ◽

10.1177/10790632211024241 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 107906322110242

Author(s):

Anastasios Ziogas ◽

Benedikt Habermeyer ◽

Wolfram Kawohl ◽

Elmar Habermeyer ◽

Andreas Mokros

Keyword(s):

Sexual Orientation ◽

Sexual Interest ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Forensic Assessment ◽

Event Related Potential ◽

Behavioral Measures ◽

Sexual Preferences ◽

Motor Responses ◽

Related Potentials ◽

Promising Line

A promising line of research on forensic assessment of paraphilic sexual interest focuses on behavioral measures of visual attention using sexual stimuli as distractors. The present study combined event-related potentials (ERPs) with behavioral measures to investigate whether detection of a hidden sexual preference can be improved with ERPs. Normal variants of sexual orientation were used for a proof-of-concept investigation. Accordingly, 40 heterosexual and 40 gay men participated in the study. Within each group, half of the participants were instructed to hide their sexual orientation. The results showed that a match between sexual orientation and stimulus delays responses and influences ERP before motor responses. Late ERP components showed higher potential in differentiating hidden sexual preferences than motor responses, thereby showing how ERPs can be used in combination with reaction time measures to potentially facilitate the detection of hidden sexual preferences.

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