Cytotoxicity of Etch-and-Rinse, Self-Etch, and Universal Dental Adhesive Systems in Fibroblast Cell Line 3T3

The aim of this study was to evaluate in fibroblast cultures the direct cytotoxic effects of etch-and-rinse, self-etch, and universal adhesive systems. The sterile glass cover slips (n=3) were then immersed in culture medium to obtain the eluates for the experimental groups: (1) Adper™ Single Bond 2; (2) Ambar; (3) Adper™ Scotchbond™ Multi-Purpose; (4) Scotchbond™ Universal; (5) Ambar Universal; and (6) OptiBond All-In-One. As a negative control, sterile glass cover slips were immersed in culture medium only. After 24 h, the eluate obtained was applied on fibroblast culture. Cell viability and cell morphology were evaluated by MTT assay and SEM, respectively. Data were analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests (α=0.05). All adhesive systems except universal reduced cell viability in 3T3 cells to between 26.04% and 56.57%, and Scotchbond Universal and Ambar Universal reduced cell viability to 2.13% and 3.57%, respectively, when compared to the negative control. Cytoplasmic membrane shrinkage and cell-free areas with residual membrane fragments from dead cells were observed. In conclusion, improvements in universal adhesive system formulations and their mechanisms of action are not accompanied by increased toxicity compared with those in other systems, warranting commitment to the use of these dentin-pulp complexes.

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Does Bonding Approach Influence the Bond Strength of Universal Adhesive to Dentin of Primary Teeth?

Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry ◽

10.17796/1053-4628-41.3.214 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 214-218 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tathiane Larissa Lenzi ◽

Fabio Zovico Maxnuck Soares ◽

Rachel de Oliveira Rocha

Keyword(s):

Bond Strength ◽

Adhesive System ◽

Primary Tooth ◽

Adhesive Systems ◽

Microtensile Bond Strength ◽

Universal Adhesive ◽

Etch And Rinse ◽

Tooth Dentin ◽

Self Etch ◽

One Way Anova

Objective: To evaluate the effect of bonding strategy on microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of a new universal adhesive system to primary tooth dentin. Study design: Flat dentin surfaces from 25 primary molars were assigned to 5 groups according to the adhesive and bonding approach: Adper Single Bond 2 (two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive) and Clearfil SE Bond (two-step self-etch system), as controls; Scotchbond Universal Adhesive–self-etch, dry or wet-bonding etch-and-rinse strategies. Composite buildups were constructed and the teeth were sectioned to obtain bonded sticks (0.8 mm2) to be tested under tension at 1mm/min. The μTBS means were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests (α = 0.05). Failure mode was evaluated using a stereomicroscope (400×). Results: Universal adhesive applied following both dry and wet-bonding etch-and-rinse strategies showed similar bond strength compared with control adhesive systems. Self-etch approach resulted in the lowest μTBS values. For all groups, adhesive/mixed failure prevailed. The percentage of premature debonded specimens was higher when the universal adhesive was used as self-etch mode. Conclusion: The universal adhesive does not share the same versatility of being used in the etch-and-rinse and self-etch approaches; however, the use of the new adhesive following either wet or dry-bonding may be a suitable option as alternative to two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive protocol.

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Cytotoxicity of Universal, Self-Etching and Etch-and-Rinse Adhesive Systems According to the Polymerization Time

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/0103-6440201300294 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 160-168 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Silvia T. Elias ◽

Andressa F. dos Santos ◽

Fernanda C.P. Garcia ◽

Patrícia N.R. Pereira ◽

Leandro A. Hilgert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Membrane ◽

Culture Medium ◽

Membrane Damage ◽

Storage Period ◽

Adhesive System ◽

Negative Control ◽

Polymerization Time ◽

Adhesive Systems ◽

Morphological Alterations ◽

Etch And Rinse

This in vitro study evaluated in fibroblast cultures the direct cytotoxicity of universal, self-etching and etch-and-rinse adhesive systems according to the polymerization time. Paper discs were impregnated with adhesives and light-cured (10, 20 or 40 s). The discs were then immersed in culture medium to obtain the eluates for the experimental groups (A1-Single Bond 2; A2-Scotchbond Multi-purpose; A3-Clearfil SE Bond; A4 Scotchbond Universal). As a negative control, paper discs were immersed in culture medium only. After 24 h or 7 days, the eluate obtained was applied on fibroblast culture. Cell viability, cell morphology, membrane damage and the presence of residual monomers were evaluated by MTT assay, SEM, flow cytometry and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), respectively. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (=0.05). All adhesive systems significantly reduced 33-51% cell metabolism when compared to the negative control, regardless of polymerization time, storage period and adhesive system. Moreover, the adhesives caused intense morphological alterations and cell membrane damage. Toxicity was directly related to the presence of residual monomers in the eluates. Residual monomers and additional components are capable of reducing mitochondrial activity, causing morphological alterations and disruption of the cell membrane in fibroblasts, regardless of the polymerization time. This study highlights that despite the more complex composition of the universal adhesive system, its biological response was not more toxic when compared with other systems, even when the shortest polymerization time was tested in cell culture.

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Bond Strength and Cytotoxicity of a Universal Adhesive According to the Hybridization Strategies to Dentin

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/0103-6440201801698 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 68-75 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Maria Luísa de Alencar e Silva Leite ◽

Carlos Alberto de Souza Costa ◽

Rosângela Marques Duarte ◽

Ana Karina Maciel de Andrade ◽

Diana Gabriela Soares

Keyword(s):

Bond Strength ◽

Cell Viability ◽

Cultured Cells ◽

Resin Composite ◽

Adhesive Layer ◽

Adhesive System ◽

Negative Control ◽

Hybrid Layer ◽

Universal Adhesive ◽

Etch And Rinse

Abstract This study evaluated application protocol (etch-and-rinse/ER and self-etching/SE) and dentin wettability (wet and dry) on microtensile bond strength (μTBS) and transdentinal cytotoxicity of ScotchbondTM Universal (SU) adhesive system. The μTBS values and fracture mode were registered 24 h after adhesive system application and resin composite block build-up (n=5). For analysis of transdentinal cytotoxicity, odontoblast-like MDPC-23 cells were seeded on pulpal surface of dentin discs (0.4 mm thick) adapted to artificial pulp chambers (n=8). The adhesive system was applied to occlusal surface, followed by 24-h incubation time. Cell viability (Alamar Blue) and morphology (SEM) were assessed. Adper Single Bond 2 and Clearfil SE Bond were used as positive controls of the ER and SE application protocols, respectively. No treatment was performed on negative control (NC) group. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey’s tests (α=5%). Higher μTBS values were found for ER mode in comparison with SE protocol (p<0.05). Dentin wettability had no effect on bond strength of SU in both the ER and SE techniques (p>0.05). Most fractures involved hybrid layer and/or adhesive layer. Neither variable prevented the intense toxic effects of adhesive systems on MDPC-23 cultured cells, since intense reduction in cell viability (±88%) and severe alterations in cell morphology were observed for all groups compared to NC, with no differences among them (p>0.05). Therefore, it was concluded that application of SU following the ER protocol had better adhesive performance. However, this adhesive system featured intense transdentinal cytotoxicity to pulp cells, regardless of application protocol and dentin wettability.

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Bonding Performance of Universal Adhesive Systems Applied in Etch-and-Rinse and Self-Etch Strategies on Natural Dentin Caries

Operative Dentistry ◽

10.2341/17-252-l ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 44 (5) ◽

pp. 510-520 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

V Hass ◽

AFM Cardenas ◽

FSF Siqueira ◽

RR Pacheco ◽

PMW Zago ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adhesive System ◽

Strength Analysis ◽

Adhesive Systems ◽

Hybrid Layer ◽

Universal Adhesive ◽

Universal System ◽

Dentin Caries ◽

Bonding Performance ◽

Etch And Rinse ◽

Self Etch

SUMMARY Objective: This study investigated the bonding performance of three universal adhesive systems applied using etch-and-rinse (ER) or self-etch (SE) strategies on natural dentin caries. Materials and Methods: Sixty human third molars were selected for this study: 30 naturally carious (CAD) and 30 sound (SD) teeth. The dentin surfaces were exposed, and teeth were randomly assigned to each evaluated adhesive system: Scotchbond Universal (SBU), Futurabond U (FBU), and Prime&Bond Elect (PBE) and an adhesive strategy: ER or SE. The adhesive systems were applied following the manufacturer's instructions, and the teeth were restored using a resin composite (Filtek Supreme Ultra, 3M). After 24 hours (distilled water at 37°C), samples were sectioned and evaluated using microtensile bond strength analysis (μTBS), micro-Raman spectroscopy to evaluate the degree of conversion within the hybrid layer (DC), and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) to describe the morphology of the hybrid layer. The μTBS and DC data were analyzed using three-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test for means comparison (α=0.05). The SEM images were analyzed qualitatively. Results: Reduced μTBS values were observed when comparing CAD with SD, regardless of adhesive system or strategy (p<0.0001). SBU showed statistically higher μTBS for both dentin substrates and strategies (p<0.0001). Furthermore, SBU showed greater integrity of the hybrid layer and resin tag formation compared with FBU and PBE. Mean μTBS values for FBU were higher for SD in the SE mode, whereas higher mean μTBS values were observed for CAD in the ER mode, both compared with PBE (p<0.001). Conclusion: Bonding performance is reduced on a caries-affected substrate. The ER strategy was not able to improve the bonding performance on natural CAD for universal adhesive systems. Improved bonding performance was obtained when using the Scotchbond Universal system.

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The effects of different surface contaminators on the shear bond strength of a universal adhesive system to dentin: an experimental study

Journal of Dental Research Dental Clinics Dental Prospects ◽

10.34172/joddd.2021.014 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 82-86

Author(s):

Mahmoud Bahari ◽

Siavash Savadi Oskoee ◽

Mohammad Esmaeel Ebrahimi Chaharom ◽

Nasim Molayi

Keyword(s):

Bond Strength ◽

Shear Bond Strength ◽

Adhesive System ◽

Aluminium Chloride ◽

Control Group ◽

Universal Adhesive ◽

Human Teeth ◽

Etch And Rinse ◽

Self Etch ◽

Composite Samples

Background. Contamination of dentin surface is one of the common problems in restorative dentistry. The aim was to investigate the effects of different surface contaminators on the dentin shear bond strength (SBS) of universal adhesive system (UAS) applied in etch-and-rinse (ER) and self-etch (SE) strategies. Methods. One hundred forty-four maxillary anterior sound human teeth were divided into six groups based on the types of surface contaminators: no surface contaminator (control) and experimental groups contaminated with blood, saliva, aluminium chloride (ALC), ferric sulphate (FS), and caries disclosing agent (CDA). Then, each group was further subdivided into two, based on the application strategy of UAS (ER and SE). After applying the adhesive according to the manufacturer’s instructions, and bonding cylindrical composite samples, the SBS was measured. The data were analysed using two-way ANOVA, Tukey’s HSD test and t test (P<0.05). Results. The SBS in all contaminated groups, except for CDA, was significantly lower in both ER and SE strategies compared to control group (P<0.05). A comparison between the application strategies revealed that ER and SE were only significantly different in the FS contaminated group (P<0.05). Conclusion. All tested contaminators, except CDA, significantly decreased SBS of UAS in both ER and SE strategies.

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Update on Enamel Bonding Strategies

Frontiers in Dental Medicine ◽

10.3389/fdmed.2021.666379 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

Author(s):

Takaaki Sato ◽

Tomohiro Takagaki ◽

Takashi Hatayama ◽

Toru Nikaido ◽

Junji Tagami

Keyword(s):

Optimal Strategies ◽

Adhesive System ◽

Adhesive Systems ◽

Combined System ◽

Concise Review ◽

Etch And Rinse ◽

Acid Etch ◽

Universal Adhesives ◽

New Generation ◽

Self Etch

Optimal strategies for the application of an adhesive differ between enamel and dentin because of the differences in their composition. The development of adhesive systems has mainly focused on the bonding of dentin, rather than on the enamel, by etching with phosphoric acid (PA). Dental adhesive technologies continue to rapidly advance, and various adhesive systems have been developed since the study of Buonocore in 1955. He introduced the enamel acid-etch technique. Then, the etch-and-rinse (ER) system was developed, and subsequently, the self-etch (SE) system. Universal adhesives are a new generation of one-bottle SE adhesives that can be applied with either ER mode or SE mode, or a combined system involving selective enamel etching mode. Since the combination of PA etching and the SE system differs from conventional ER systems, the enamel bonding strategy should be carefully considered. This concise review of the literature on reliable enamel bonding strategies should prove helpful to clinicians to choose an appropriate adhesive system to achieve optimal clinical outcomes.

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SEM-EDS nanoleakage evaluation of universal-adhesive-systems with etch-and-rinse and self-etch approach

Annals of Medicine ◽

10.1080/07853890.2018.1562697 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 51 (sup1) ◽

pp. 97-97

Author(s):

Mihai Certan ◽

Mário Polido ◽

José Brito ◽

Ana Cristina Azul

Keyword(s):

Adhesive Systems ◽

Universal Adhesive ◽

Etch And Rinse ◽

Self Etch

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Dentin Permeability and Nanoleakage of Universal Adhesives in Etch-and-rinse vs Self-etch Modes

Operative Dentistry ◽

10.2341/19-276-l ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

JMMS Cruz ◽

ALGBM Silva ◽

RMRF Eira ◽

BMPR Sousa ◽

MMN Lopes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adhesive System ◽

Third Molars ◽

Adhesive Systems ◽

Dentin Permeability ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Mode Of Application ◽

Etch And Rinse ◽

Universal Adhesives ◽

Self Etch ◽

Ammoniacal Silver

Clinical Relevance Universal adhesives do not seem to have the ability to effectively seal dentin, regardless of the mode of application. SUMMARY Purpose: This study evaluates the reduction in dentin permeability (P) and the expression of nanoleakage in resin-dentin interfaces made with universal adhesives, comparing the self-etch mode of application with the etch-and-rinse mode of application. Methods and Materials: To measure dentin P at the baseline and after adhesive polymerization, 80 extracted noncarious human third molars (N=80) were sectioned to obtain 0.7-mm-thick midcoronal dentin disks. The specimens were randomly assigned to 8 groups according to the different adhesive systems and application modes used: Scotchbond Universal (SBU; etch-and-rinse [ER] mode vs self-etch [SE] mode), OptiBond XTR (OPT; etch-and-rinse mode vs self-etch mode), Clearfil Universal Bond Quick (CL; etch-and-rinse mode vs self-etch mode), and Adhese Universal (ADH; etch-and-rinse mode vs self-etch mode). A two-way analysis of variance with interaction was used to evaluate the P reduction differences among the groups (α=0.05). Sixteen additional 0.7-mm-thick dentin disks were similarly prepared and treated, immersed in 50 wt% ammoniacal silver nitrate, and then processed according to conventional methods for analysis under transmission electron microscopy. Results: The differences in P reduction among the adhesives were significant (p=0.029). For OPT and ADH (p=0.0304 and p=0.0120, respectively), the P reduction was higher in the ER mode than in the SE mode. For CL and SBU, no differences in P reduction was observed between the two application modes (p>0.05). All the groups showed some pattern of nanoleakage. Conclusions: No adhesive system completely reduced dentin P. Dentin sealing was higher for OPT and ADH in the ER mode, while for SBU and CL, there was no difference between the two modes. All the adhesive systems showed nanoleakage.

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Shear Bond Strengths of Different Adhesive Systems to Biodentine

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2013/626103 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Mesut Enes Odabaş ◽

Mehmet Bani ◽

Resmiye Ebru Tirali

Keyword(s):

Shear Bond Strength ◽

Composite Resin ◽

Adhesive System ◽

Adhesive Systems ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Etch And Rinse ◽

Bond Strengths ◽

Group 2 ◽

Self Etch ◽

Group 1

The aim of this study was to measure the shear bond strength of different adhesive systems to Biodentine with different time intervals. Eighty specimens of Biodentine were prepared and divided into 8 groups. After 12 minutes, 40 samples were randomly selected and divided into 4 groups of 10 each: group 1: (etch-and-rinse adhesive system) Prime & Bond NT; group 2: (2-step self-etch adhesive system) Clearfil SE Bond; group 3: (1-step self-etch adhesive systems) Clearfil S3Bond; group 4: control (no adhesive). After the application of adhesive systems, composite resin was applied over Biodentine. This procedure was repeated 24 hours after mixing additional 40 samples, respectively. Shear bond strengths were measured using a universal testing machine, and the data were subjected to 1-way analysis of variance and Scheffé post hoc test. No significant differences were found between all of the adhesive groups at the same time intervals (12 minutes and 24 hours) (). Among the two time intervals, the lowest value was obtained for group 1 (etch-and-rinse adhesive) at a 12-minute period, and the highest was obtained for group 2 (two-step self-etch adhesive) at a 24-hour period. The placement of composite resin used with self-etch adhesive systems over Biodentine showed better shear bond strength.

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Randomized Clinical Trial of Composite Restorations in Primary Teeth: Effect of Adhesive System after Three Years

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2016/5409392 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Secil Bektaş Donmez ◽

Melek D. Turgut ◽

Serdar Uysal ◽

Pinar Ozdemir ◽

Meryem Tekcicek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Primary Teeth ◽

Clinical Performance ◽

Adhesive System ◽

The Self ◽

Marginal Adaptation ◽

Adhesive Systems ◽

Composite Restorations ◽

Etch And Rinse ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Self Etch

The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical performance of composite restorations placed with different adhesive systems in primary teeth. In 32 patients, 128 composite restorations were placed using a split-mouth design as follows (4 groups/patient): three-step etch-and-rinse (Group 1), two-step etch-and-rinse (Group 2), two-step self-etch (Group 3), and one-step self-etch (Group 4). The restorations were clinically evaluated at baseline and at 6, 18, and 36 months according to the FDI criteria. There was no significant difference between the adhesive systems in retention of the restorations (p>0.05). Over time, there was a statistically significant decrease in marginal adaptation in all groups, whereas surface and marginal staining significantly increased in Groups 3 and 4 (p<0.05). The etch-and-rinse adhesive systems resulted in better marginal adaptation than the self-etch adhesive systems (p<0.05). It was concluded that preetching of the primary enamel might help improve the clinical performance of the self-etch adhesive systems in primary teeth.

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