scholarly journals Serum Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase and Ferritin Synergistically Associated with the Rate of Chronic Kidney Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Chen ◽  
Yan Ren ◽  
Yun Gao ◽  
Haoming Tian
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Quartile Group ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Fourth Quartile ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Group 1

The present study investigated the effects of GGT and SF on the risk of CKD. 1024 participants (436 men and 588 women) were divided into three groups according to GGT and SF levels: group 1 (both GGT and SF not in the fourth quartile), group 2 (only GGT or SF in the fourth quartile), and group 3 (both GGT and SF in the fourth quartile). The risks of CKD in different levels of GGT and SF and in groups 2-3 compared with group 1 were analyzed by multiple logistic regression. GGT or SF in the highest quartile was associated with increased risk of CKD. Such associations attenuated after adjustment for confounding factors. The incidences of CKD, especially albuminuria, increased across the three groups. Correspondingly, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels gradually increased from group 1 to group 3. The risks of CKD were higher in groups 2 and 3 than that in group 1. In group 3, the increased rate was independent of age, BMI, alcohol drinking, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, and metabolic syndrome (odds ratios from 1.887 to 2.293,P<0.05). In summary, this study suggested that GGT and SF synergistically influence the rate of CKD.

scholarly journals Study of the Differential Consequences of Neglect and Poverty on Adaptive and Maladaptive Behavior in Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 739
Author(s):  
Carlos Herruzo ◽  
Antonio Raya Trenas ◽  
María J. Pino ◽  
Javier Herruzo
Keyword(s):  
Assessment System ◽  
Maladaptive Behavior ◽  
Adaptive Skills ◽  
School Problems ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Externalizing And Internalizing Problems ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Physical Neglect ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

The consequences of physical neglect on retardation in the development of adaptive behaviors and the increased risk of poor physical and mental health are well documented. As physical neglect is a phenomenon found almost exclusively among socially deprived people, it is important to distinguish the health effects caused by neglect from those caused by poverty. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of poverty and physical neglect on the development of problematic externalizing and internalizing behaviors, adaptive skills, and school problems among school children between the ages of 3 and 12. A group of 157 children were chosen from 28 Andalusian schools and classified in three homogeneous groups. Children in group 1 (n = 53) had two target conditions: living in slums (poverty) and suffering from neglect. Children in group 2 (n = 52) had one target condition: living in the same slums as the children in group 1, but not suffering from neglect. Group 3 (n = 52) consisted of children from other (non-slum) neighborhoods who did not suffer from neglect. Adaptive and maladaptive behaviors were evaluated with the Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC). Significant differences were found between group 1 and group 2, but there were no important differences between group 2 and group 3. The conclusion was that externalizing and internalizing problems, school problems, and low adaptive skills found in neglected children were associated with neglect rather than with poverty or socially deprived environments.

scholarly journals Postpartum Morbidity Associated With Advanced HIV Disease

2006 ◽  
Vol 2006 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judette Louis ◽  
Mudathiru A. Buhari ◽  
Dianne Allen ◽  
Bernard Gonik ◽  
Theodore B. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Delivery ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Wound Complication ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Advanced Hiv Disease ◽  
Group 1

Objective. To investigate the postpartum morbidity and postpartum management of febrile morbidity associated with advanced HIV infection. Methods. A case control study of HIV infected women at a tertiary care center during January 2000–June 2005 was performed. Postpartum morbidity was defined as endometritis, blood transfusion, wound complication, readmission, infectious morbidity, or unexpected surgery. Results. Women in Group 1 had AIDS (N=33), Group 2 were relatively immunocompetent HIV infected women (N=115), and Group 3 were uninfected women (N=152). Group 1 was more likely to have a postpartum morbidity (32.3 versus 19.3 and 13.2%,P=.03) and to have postpartum imaging 18.8 versus 7.9 and 2.6%,P=.002. After controlling for potential confounders, cesarean delivery (OR 6.2, 95%CI 2.1–505.5) but not advanced HIV disease was associated with an increased risk of postpartum morbidity. Conclusion. Cesarean delivery and not advanced HIV disease increases the risk of postpartum morbidity in women with AIDS.

No Effect of Rapamycin on Cardiac Adhesion Formation: A Drug-Loaded Bioresorbable Polylactone Patch in a Porcine Cardiac Surgical Model

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 76-85
Author(s):  
Saddiq Qazi ◽  
Benedict Kjaergaard ◽  
Fei Yang ◽  
Hong Shen ◽  
Shenguo Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adhesion Formation ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Control Group ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Matrix Deposition ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background: The fusing of the epicardium and sternum due to adhesion is a common problem during repeated cardiac surgery and carries with it an increased risk of bleeding. The use of barriers and patches has been tested to prevent the formation of adhesions, but the very presence of a patch can provoke adhesion formation. The objective of this study was, therefore, to investigate both biodegradable and bioresorbable polylactone patches [(polycaprolactone-poly(ethylene oxide)-polycaprolactone tri-block copolymer (PCE)]. The patches were also tested with a controlled release of rapamycin, which prevents cell migration and extracellular matrix deposition. The clinical effectiveness of rapamycin in pericardial patches has not previously been examined. Materials and Methods: Three groups of 6 female Danish Landrace pigs underwent sternotomy and abrasion of the epicardium, before being randomized to either group 1 - the control group (with no patch), group 2 - PCE patch implanted between the sternum and epicardium, or group 3 - PCE patch and slow-release 1.6-mg rapamycin. After a median time period of 26 days, the pigs were euthanized and their hearts removed en bloc with the sternum, for macroscopic, histological and pathological examination. Results: Upon macroscopic examination, a significantly lower degree of adhesion in group 2, as compared to group 1 (p < 0.05), was found. Histological analysis of the tissues showed significantly more fibrosis, inflammation and foreign body granulomas (p < 0.05) in both group 2 and group 3, when compared to group 1. Conclusion: A PCE patch following sternotomy in animal subjects reduces postoperative macroscopic adhesions without reducing microscopic fibrosis or inflammation. Loading the patch with rapamycin was found not to increase the antifibrotic effect.

Chorangiosis of Chorionic Villi: What Does It Really Mean?

2016 ◽  
Vol 140 (6) ◽  
pp. 588-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Stanek
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Minimal Risk ◽  
Pregnancy Risk ◽  
Chorionic Villi ◽  
Injury Group ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Chorangiosis has been regarded as a result of low-grade placental hypoxia associated with pregnancy risk factors and abnormal outcomes. It is unknown whether these are a consequence of chorangiosis itself or of associated other placental pathology.Context.— To prove that chorangiosis itself does not portend an increased risk for pregnancy unless associated with other placental pathology.Objective.— This retrospective statistical study analyzes 1231 consecutive placentas with diffuse or focal hypervascularity of chorionic villi: 328 with preuterine pattern of chronic hypoxic placental injury (group 1), 297 with uterine type of chronic hypoxic placental injury (group 2), and 606 cases with chorangiosis (group 3) not fulfilling the inclusion criteria for groups 1 or 2.Design.— Group 2, with 33 cases of chorangiosis (11.1%), featured 10 and 11 statistically significant highest percentages of abnormal clinical and placental variables, respectively; group 3 featured the highest percentages of multiple pregnancy, the heaviest placentas, and the most common acute chorioamnionitis, fetal inflammatory response; and group 1 had the highest proportion of mild erythroblastosis of fetal blood. When comparing groups 1 and 3, 21 of 29 clinical risk factors/outcomes (72.4%) and 30 of 41 placental variables (73.2%) were more common in group 1.Results.— Presence of diffuse hypoxic patterns of placental injury adds prognostically negative significance to increased vascularity of chorionic villi. Chorangiosis without those patterns portends minimal risk for the pregnancy, and is associated with significantly fewer pregnancy risk factors, abnormal outcomes, and other placental abnormalities.Conclusions.—

scholarly journals Ursodeoxycholic Acid and Atorvastatin in the Treatment of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 713-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Kiyici ◽  
Macit Gulten ◽  
Selim Gurel ◽  
Selim Giray Nak ◽  
Enver Dolar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ursodeoxycholic Acid ◽  
Treatment Period ◽  
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Serum Aminotransferase ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Group 1

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a serious disorder with the potential to gradually progress to cirrhosis. It is generally associated with obesity, diabetes and hyperlipidemia. Currently, there is no established therapy for NASH. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of atorvastatin and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in the treatment of NASH.METHODS: This prospective study included 44 adult patients (24 men, 20 women) with a mean age of 48.90±7.69 years and mean body mass index (BMI) of 29.40±3.82. Ten patients had a history of diabetes. Serological markers for viral hepatitis were negative in all patients and there was no history of alcohol or drug abuse. Patients who had autoimmune hepatitis were excluded from the study. Liver biopsy was performed before therapy to confirm the diagnosis. Among NASH patients, 17 normolipidemic cases received UDCA 13 to 15 mg/kg/day (group 1), while hyperlipidemic cases (n=27) received atorvastatin 10 mg/day (group 2) for six months. The BMI, serum lipids, liver function tests and liver density, assessed by computerized tomography, were evaluated before and after the treatment period. The BMI, serum aminotransferase levels, histological parameters (steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis scores) and liver densities were not statistically different between the groups at the beginning of therapy.RESULTS: The BMI, serum glucose, and triglyceride levels did not change in either group after the treatment period. In group 1, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyl-transferase (GGT) levels reduced significantly, and in group 2, serum cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, ALT, alkaline phosphatase and GGT levels reduced significantly. Liver densities increased only in group 2, probably as a result of diminishing fat content of liver. The normalization of transaminases was also more prevalent in group 2. Liver steatosis was closely correlated with liver density, but inflammation and fibrosis were not.CONCLUSIONS: The use of atorvastatin in NASH patients with hyperlipidemia was found to be both effective and safe. The benefit of statin and UDCA therapy in normolipidemic patients with NASH requires confirmation with further placebo-controlled trials.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF THE LEVEL MILK PRODUCTIVITY OF MOTHER COWS ON THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF HOLSTEIN HEIFERS

2020 ◽  
pp. 165-172
Author(s):  
G.G. Karlikova ◽  
◽  
A.F. Conte ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Group 1

The experiment is carried out on 3 groups of cows (1 - with productivity up to 7500 kg, 2 – from 7500 to 9000 kg and the 3rd group-9000 and above kg of milk for the previous lactation). Milk yield for 305 days of lactation of cows of group 3 averaged 9068 kg (P≤ 0,01), group 2-8682 (P≤ 0,05) and group 1 – 7940 kg of milk. Milk fat production in cows of group 3 - 369 kg (P≤ 0,05), group 2-351 and group 1 – 326 kg. The yield of milk protein from cows of group 3 is 285 kg (P≤ 0,01), group 2-270 (P≤ 0,05) and group 1-248 kg. A comparative analysis of the growth and development of heifers with mothers with different levels of productivity was carried out. At the 2nd month of growing, the weight of heifers of the 3rd group is 76 kg (P≤0,10), the 2nd - 72 kg (P≤0,10). The average daily growth of group 3 heifers at 6 months was 1244 g (P≤0,10), group 2 - 1127 and group 1-617 g.Group 3 Heifers at 9 months weighed 301,2 kg (P≤0,05), group 2 – 299,3 kg (P≤0,05). Heifers of group 3 at 12 months reached 380,6 kg (P≤0,05), group 2–378,5 (P≤0,05) and group 1 – 353,7 kg. The growth of experimental heifers of group 2 was 887,6 g (P≤0,05), group 3–829,6 and group 1 – 710 g per day. Monitoring of growth and development of heifers continues.

scholarly journals The generation of visual inferences in normal elderly Influence of schooling and visual complexity

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariella Fornachari Ribeiro ◽  
Maria Isabel d'Ávila Freitas ◽  
Márcia Radanovic ◽  
Letícia Lessa Mansur
Keyword(s):  
Visual Complexity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Level Group ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Healthy Elderly Subjects ◽  
Group 1

Abstract The generation of inferences makes the construction and comprehension of discourse easier, and integrates representations which add coherence to the arguments. Visuoperceptual and inferential deficits merge in the attempt to explain the difficulties that some individuals have in the comprehension of certain kinds of visual stimuli. Objectives: a) To examine the performance of cognitively healthy elderly subjects in the execution of visual inferences using pictures of different levels of complexity; b) To compare the performance of subjects according to schooling level. Methods: A total of 45 normal elderly aged from 61 to 82yrs (M=68; SD=0.57) were examined. The subjects were divided into three groups according to schooling level: Group 1 (1 to 4 years); Group 2 (5 to 8 years) and Group 3 (9 or more years). Each subject had to create a narrative based on four figures with controlled visual complexity. The narratives were transcribed, analysed and scored. Results: For the essential inferences, the high educated group (3) had a better performance in both visually simple and complex conditions. On the visually complex figures, the medium educated group (2) was statistically equivalent to the high educated group for one figure and equivalent to the less educated group (1) for the other. There was no difference among the groups for the accessory propositions. Conclusions: Visual complexity interferes with the subject's ability to make inferences in low and medium educated individuals. High educated subjects maintain the same performance in making inferences, regardless of the visual complexity level.

scholarly journals Histopathological Features of Dental Pulp in Teeth with Different Levels of Chronic Periodontitis Severity

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizangela Partata Zuza ◽  
Ana Luiza Vanzato Carrareto ◽  
Raphael Carlos Comelli Lia ◽  
Juliana Rico Pires ◽  
Benedicto Egbert Corrêa de Toledo
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Clinical Attachment Level ◽  
Single Root ◽  
Tooth Apex ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Attachment Level ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Group 1

Purpose. To evaluate the histopathological condition of the pulp in teeth with different levels of chronic periodontitis in humans. Methods. Twenty-five single-root nondecayed teeth were divided into three groups as follows: group 1, clinical attachment level (CAL) 3 to 4 mm and alveolar bone loss (BL) from 4 to 6 mm without reaching the tooth apex; group 2, CAL≥5 mm and BL>6 mm without reaching the tooth apex; group 3, CAL≥5 mm and BL>6 mm up to the tooth apex. Histological analyses were accomplished after laboratorial processing. Results. The mean of CAL was 3.2±0.7 mm in group 1, 7.6±2.0 mm in group 2, and 12.1±2.8 mm in group 3, while for BL it was 4.8±0.9 mm, 7.6±2.2 mm, and 11.9±2.1 mm, respectively. Histopathological data in the pulpal chambers were similar among the three groups showing normal aspects, and, the radicular pulps showed variable levels of reactive dentin, fibrosis, dystrophic mineralizations, atrophy, and mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate. Conclusions. Gradual progression of the chronic periodontitis led to changes in the histopathological aspects of the radicular pulp with progressive involvement.

scholarly journals Evaluation of chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effect of Artemisia vulgaris extract against diethylnitrosamine induced hepatocellular carcinogenesis in Balb C mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 484-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ali ◽  
M. Ejaz ◽  
K. K. Dar ◽  
S. Nasreen ◽  
N. Ashraf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Artemisia Vulgaris ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Abstract The main objective of current study was to investigate the chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activity of Artemisia vulgaris extract on diethylnitrosoamine induced hepatocarcinogenesis in Balb C mice. Diethylnitrosoamine (DEN: 0.9%) was prepared to induce hepatocarcinoma in Balb C mice. The extract Artemisia vulgaris (AV) was prepared by maceration technique. Mice were classified into four groups as follows: Group 1 a control group (N=7) received saline solution (3.5 μl/mg), group 2 (N=14) received diethylnitrosoamine (3.5 μl/mg) intraperitoneally once in a week for eight consecutive weeks, group 3 (N=7) received only plant extract (AV: 150 mg/kg (Body weight) once in a week, while group 4 (N=7) was given in combination of diethylnitrosoamine (3.5 μl/mg) and plant extract (AV: 150 mg/kg (body weight). After eight weeks of DEN administration, mice of group 2 were divided into two subgroups containing seven mice each; subgroup 1 was sacrificed while subgroup 2 was treated with plant extract only (150 mg/kg (body weight)) once in a week for eight consecutive weeks. The DEN injected mice significant decline in levels of albumin with concomitant significant elevations such as aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, alpha feto protein, gamma glutamyl transferase, 5 nucleotidase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and bilirubin. The administration of A. vulgaris significantly decreased the DEN induced hepatotoxicity. Present study revealed the potential anti-cancerous nature of Artemisia vulgaris, both in case of chemopreventive and post-treatment of A. vulgaris. Further studies are needed to explore the mechanism of prevention and therapy.

scholarly journals Helicobacter pylori infection and increased diabetes prevalence were the risks of colorectal adenoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horng-Yuan Wang ◽  
Ying-Chun Lin ◽  
Chieh-Chang Chen ◽  
Ming-Jen Chen ◽  
Ming-Shiang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Adenoma ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Diabetes Prevalence ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Adenoma Risk ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Background Helicobacter pylori (H. Pylori) infection and hyperglycemia may be associated with an increased risk of colorectal neoplasm. However these two factors affect colorectal neoplasm remain controversial. We aimed to carry out a meta-analysis to evaluate the study population diabetes prevalence rate and H. pylori infection rate with colorectal adenoma risk. Methods We conducted a systemic research through English databases for medical reports. We also recorded the diabetes prevalence and H. pylori infection prevalence in each study. We classified these studies into 4 subgroups as their background population diabetes prevalence < 6%(Group 1); between 6 to 8%(Group 2); between 8 to 10 %(Group 3) and more than 10%(Group 4). The random effects model had used to calculate pooled prevalence estimates with 95% confidence interval [CI]. Results Twenty seven studies were finally eligible for meta-analysis. The random-effects model of meta-analysis was chosen, showing pooled odds ratio (OR) equal to 1.51 (95 % CI 1.39–1.63). The subgroup meta-analyses showed in Group 1 the H. pylori infection associated colorectal adenoma risk OR was 1.24 (95 % CI 0.86–1.78). As diabetes rate exceed 6%, the H. pylori infection became more significant increased risk of colorectal adenoma (Group 2: OR 2.16 (95 % CI 1.61–2.91); Group 3: OR 1.40 (95 % CI 1.24–1.57); Group 4: OR 1.52 (95 % CI 1.46–1.57)). Conclusions The results of this meta-analysis showed DM prevalence would affect the risk factor of colorectal adenoma with H. pylori infection.

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