Effect of Age on Pentacam Keratoconus Indices

Purpose. To assess the effect of age on elevation and pachymetric Pentacam keratoconus (KC) detection indices, and the need to adjust normative values accordingly. Methods. In a retrospective study, 95 eyes of myopic normal subjects without KC were evaluated using the OCULUS Pentacam, with an age range of 17.4 to 46.8 years. Subjects were categorised into three groups according to their age: the first included those younger than 21 years (19 eyes), the second was for the age range of 21–40 years (65 eyes), and the third comprised subjects older than 40 years (11 eyes). Results. There were statistically significant differences among the three groups regarding many elevation indices: AE from BFS, PE from BFS, and PE minus AE from BFS (P=0.003, 0.010, and <0.001, resp.), and pachymetric indices: PPI avg, PPI max, ART avg, ART max, and diagonal decentration of the thinnest point (P=<0.001, 0.024, 0.003, 0.026, and 0.026, resp.). On comparing subjects below 21 years to those above 40 years, there was a statistically significant decrease of both PE from BFS and PE minus AE (P=0.005 and <0.001, resp.) and statistically significant increase in AE from BFS (P=0.001). Conclusions. Age is an important determinant of elevation indices, significantly altering their normative values. The use of the more robust pachymetry, rather than elevation, indices is recommended in subjects below 21 or above 40 years of age.

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Comparisons among old and new provocative tests of GH secretion in 178 normal adults

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje.0.1420347 ◽

2000 ◽

pp. 347-352 ◽

Cited By ~ 69

Author(s):

G Aimaretti ◽

C Baffoni ◽

L DiVito ◽

S Bellone ◽

S Grottoli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Dose ◽

Adult Population ◽

Ideal Body Weight ◽

Normative Values ◽

Gh Secretion ◽

The Third ◽

Ideal Body ◽

The Mean ◽

Age Range ◽

Normal Adults

Classical provocative stimuli of GH secretion such as insulin-induced hypoglycaemia, arginine, clonidine, glucagon and levodopa have been widely used in clinical practice for approximately 30 years. On the other hand, in the last 10 years new potent stimuli of GH secretion have been proposed, but an extensive comparison with the classical ones has rarely been performed, at least in adults. In order to compare the GH-releasing activity of old and new provocative stimuli of GH secretion, and to define the normative values of the GH response, in 178 normal adults (95 males, 83 females; age range: 20-50 years, all within +/-15% of their ideal body weight), we studied the GH response to: insulin-induced hypoglycaemia (ITT, 0.1IU/kg i.v.), arginine (ARG, 0.5g/kg i.v.), clonidine (CLO, 300 microg/kg p.o.), glucagon (GLU, 1mg i.m.), pyridostigmine (PD, 120mg p.o.), galanin (GAL, 80pmol/kg per min), GH-releasing hormone (GHRH, 1 microg/kg i.v.), GHRH+ARG, GHRH+PD, hexarelin, a GH-releasing protein (HEX, 2 microg/kg i.v.) and GHRH+HEX (0.25 microg/kg i.v.). The mean (+/-s.e.m.) peak GH response to ITT (21.8+/-2.8, range: 3.0-84.0 microg/l) was similar to those to ARG (18.0+/-1.6, range: 2.9-39.5 microg/l) or GLU (20. 5+/-2.2, range: 10.6-36.9 microg/l) which, in turn, were higher (P<0. 001) than those to CLO (8.2+/-1.6, range: 0.3-21.5 microg/l), PD (9. 6+/-1.1, range: 2.2-33.0 microg/l) and GAL (9.3+/-1.1, range: 3.9-18. 3 microg/l). The GH response to GHRH (19.1+/-1.5, range: 2.7-55.0 microg/l) was similar to those after ITT, ARG or GLU but clearly lower than those after GHRH+ARG (65.9+/-5.5, range: 13.8-171.0 microg/l) and GHRH+PD (50.2+/-4.6, range: 17.7-134.5 microg/l) which, in turn, were similar. The GH response to HEX (55.3+/-5.5, range: 13.9-163.5 microg/l) was similar to those after GHRH+ARG and GHRH+PD but lower (P<0.001) than that after GHRH+HEX (86.0+/-4.3, range: 49. 0-125.0 microg/l) which was the most potent stimulus of GH secretion. In this adult population the third centile limits of peak GH response to various stimuli were the following: ITT: 5.3; ARG: 2.9; CLO: 1.5; GLU: 7.6; PD: 2.2; GAL: 4.0; GHRH: 5.0; GHRH+ARG: 17.8; GHRH+PD: 17.9; HEX: 21.6; GHRH+HEX: 57.1. These results confirm that, among classical provocative tests of GH secretion, ITT followed by ARG and GLU are the most potent ones and possess clear limits of normality. GHRH+ARG or PD and HEX are strong stimuli of GH secretion which, however, is maximally stimulated by a combination of GHRH and a low dose of HEX. It is recommended that each test is used with appropriate cut-off limits.

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Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration of Gastric Varices using Sodium Tetradecyl Sulphate: Technical Considerations and Results from a Single Institution Retrospective Study

Journal of Clinical Interventional Radiology ISVIR ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1728998 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Pushpinder S. Khera ◽

Pawan K. Garg ◽

Sarbesh Tiwari ◽

Narendra Bhargava ◽

Taruna Yadav ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Clinical Success ◽

Gastric Varices ◽

Early Recurrence ◽

Single Institution ◽

Vascular Plug ◽

Acute Bleeding ◽

Sclerosing Agents ◽

Age Range ◽

Refractory Hepatic Encephalopathy

Abstract Introduction Retrograde transvenous obliteration (RTO) with the assistance of a balloon (BRTO) or a vascular plug (PARTO) is an established method for treating gastric varices (GVs) secondary to portal hypertension. Most of the available studies on RTO have used lipiodol along with sclerosing agents like ethanolamine oleate or sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS). We evaluated the safety and efficacy of RTO for treating GVs using STS as a sclerosant without lipiodol. Materials and Methods Sixteen patients (nine men, age range 16–74 years) were included in this retrospective study. Twelve patients presented with acute bleeding, two with chronic bleeding, one with large varices without bleeding, and one with refractory hepatic encephalopathy (HE). BRTO was attempted in 14 patients and PARTO in 2 patients. The technical and clinical success and complications of RTO were studied. Results The RTO procedure was technically successful in 14 (14/16, 87.5%) patients, with 13 (13/14, 93%) obtaining clinical success. One patient died due to the early recurrence of bleeding. Three patients had minor intraprocedural complications. Conclusion Retrograde gastric variceal obliteration using STS is safe and technically feasible with high technical and clinical success and low complication rate.

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Effect of exposure to low temperature on normal and iron-deficient subjects

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.1984.246.3.r380 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 246 (3) ◽

pp. R380-R383 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

C. Martinez-Torres ◽

L. Cubeddu ◽

E. Dillmann ◽

G. L. Brengelmann ◽

I. Leets ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Cold Exposure ◽

Initial Temperature ◽

Iron Status ◽

Hemoglobin Concentration ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Plasma Norepinephrine ◽

Oral Temperature ◽

The Third ◽

Iron Deficient

Twenty-one Venezuelan peasants were segregated into three groups on the basis of measurements of iron status: seven normal subjects, six iron-deficient subjects with normal hemoglobin and eight iron-deficient subjects with a hemoglobin concentration of less than 9 g/dl. All subjects were placed in a water bath at an initial temperature of 36 degrees C. The water temperature was then rapidly lowered to 28 degrees C, and observations were made over the period of 1 h. Mean oral temperature of the first group fell 0.2, the second group 0.5, and the third group 0.9 degrees C. Mean plasma norepinephrine levels in both groups of iron-deficient subjects were significantly higher at 36 degrees C and during cold exposure compared with control subjects. Oxygen consumption was also significantly increased in both groups of iron-deficient subjects after cold exposure.

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Evaluating the Risk of Tumors Diseases Based on Measurement of Urinary and Serumal Antioxidants Using the New Agar Diffusion Methods

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2017/6578453 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ying Zhou ◽

Jing Chen ◽

Zhen Wang ◽

Hui Liu

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Healthy People ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Operating Characteristics ◽

Tumor Patients ◽

Tumor Diseases ◽

Receiver Operating Characteristics Curve ◽

Age Range ◽

Urine And Serum ◽

Effect Of Age

Objectives. To discuss the characteristics of the amount of urinary total antioxidants in tumor diseases and the possibility of utilizing the changing regulation of urinary antioxidants to diagnose tumor diseases.Method. Urine and serum specimens from 130 healthy people were used to investigate the variation of antioxidant capacity against age. Urine and serum specimens from 44 unselected patients with tumors and 44 healthy people with same age background were used to explore the significance of urinary antioxidant capacity in clinic to diagnose tumor diseases. Potassium permanganate agar method and iodine starch method were used to determine the amount of total antioxidants.Results. In healthy people, more antioxidants in urine were measured in older people, while the results were opposite in serum. More antioxidants were found in urine of tumor patients than in healthy people with same age-range.Conclusions. According to the results of 130 measurements, the amount of antioxidants in urine varies by age. By using agar methods to measure antioxidants, the effect of age is required to be considered. Antioxidants levels from tumor patients were significantly higher than healthy individuals in urine. The combination of urine and serum to determine total antioxidants can better diagnose tumor diseases based on iodine starch method, with area under the receiver operating characteristics curve at 0.787.

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Computed Tomography and Bronchoscopy in Endobronchial Tuberculosis

Canadian Respiratory Journal ◽

10.1155/2003/496296 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 445-448 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Halil Yanardag ◽

Cüneyt Tetikkurt ◽

Seza Tetikkurt ◽

Sabriye Demirci ◽

Tuncer Karayel

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Retrospective Study ◽

Therapeutic Response ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Computed Tomographic ◽

Before And After ◽

Endobronchial Tuberculosis ◽

Age Range

BACKGROUND: The therapeutic response to endobronchial tuberculosis is usually evaluated by bronchoscopy. Currently, there are no published studies investigating the use of computed tomography for the evaluation of therapeutic response in endobronchial tuberculosis.OBJECTIVE: A retrospective study was performed to evaluate the bronchoscopic and computed tomographic features of endobronchial tuberculosis before and after treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of computed tomography for the assessment of treatment.METHODS: The clinical, pathological and bronchoscopic features of endobronchial tuberculosis were evaluated in 55 patients. The age range of the patients was 21 to 52 years. Computed tomography and bronchoscopy were performed before and after treatment.RESULTS: Diagnosis of tuberculosis was confirmed by culture and histopathological examination. Bronchoscopic examination revealed 89 endobronchial lesions of various types in 55 patients. The exudative type was the most common. Follow-up bronchoscopy revealed that exudative-, ulcerative- and granular-type lesions healed completely. Computed tomography performed after treatment correlated well with the follow-up bronchoscopic findings.CONCLUSION: The results suggest that follow-up computed tomography is useful for the evaluation of therapeutic response and complications associated with endobronchial tuberculosis, and may replace bronchoscopy.

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Dacryostenosis in Newborns: Probing, or Syringing, or Both?

European Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1177/112067210001000206 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 128-131 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

A.A. Tahat

Keyword(s):

Methylene Blue ◽

High Pressure ◽

Nasolacrimal Duct ◽

Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction ◽

Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction ◽

Duct Obstruction ◽

The Third ◽

Lacrimal System ◽

Age Range ◽

Nasolacrimal Ducts

Purpose This prospective study was designed to establish whether it is more effective to treat symptomatic congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction by probing, or high-pressure irrigation, or both. Methods During the period February 1991 to January 1999, 228 infants (300 nasolacrimal ducts) were examined (132 males, 96 females, age range 12–13 months). These patients were divided into three groups of 100 ducts each. The first group was probed only; in the second group the nasolacrimal ducts were irrigated under high pressure using methylene blue-stained saline, and the third group was probed and irrigated in the same setting. The procedures were done under light general anesthesia. Results Ninety-one ducts in the first group improved after probing. In the second group 64 ducts improved after irrigation. In the third group 96 ducts improved after both probing and irrigation. Conclusions To treat symptomatic congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction, it is more effective to combine high-pressure irrigation and probing. This gives a better success rate, first in treatment and secondarily, permitting intraoperative verification of the patency of the excretory lacrimal system.

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Normative study of tympanic infrared thermometry: a non-invasive index of asymmetric cerebral activity

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria ◽

10.1590/s0004-282x2008000100012 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 66 (1) ◽

pp. 50-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Danielle Cicarini de Landa ◽

Joaquim P. Brasil-Neto ◽

Raphael Boechat-Barros ◽

Carlos Uribe

Keyword(s):

Normal Subjects ◽

Tympanic Temperature ◽

Normative Values ◽

Normative Study ◽

Infrared Thermometry ◽

Cerebral Activity ◽

Confidence Levels ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Neurological Patients ◽

Interaural Differences

Human and primate studies have demonstrated that performance of tasks that induce asymmetrical physiological activation of the cerebral hemispheres leads to a reduction of tympanic temperature (TT) ipsilateral to the most active hemisphere. It is possible that diseases that interfere in an asymmetrical fashion with the degree of cerebral activity cause similar TT changes. There are not, however, normative studies of the acceptable interaural difference in TT in normal subjects at rest. This study was done to establish normative values for interaural TT values measured by means of infrared tympanic thermometry in resting normal subjects not engaged in any specific task. TT values were measured in 47 normal volunteers (20 men and 27 women, aged 39.38±12.57 years old) at rest; mean interaural differences of TT were calculated. Mean right ear TT was 36.85±0.50ºC and mean left ear TT was 36.74±0.57ºC; these values are in agreement with those already reported in the literature. Mean interaural TT difference was 0.25ºC (SD 0.21ºC). These findings indicate that maximal normal values for interaural TT differences, with confidence levels of 99% and 95%, are, respectively, 0.88 and 0.67ºC. The value of interaural differences of TT as a marker of asymmetrical hemispheric activity in neurological patients will have to be established by additional studies.

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How to Easily Visualize the Superior Vena Cava in Adults? Introducing Three Transthoracic Echocardiographic Road Maps: Techniques, Dimensions and Doppler Spectral Signals

10.21203/rs.3.rs-50648/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammadbagher Sharifkazemi ◽

Gholamreza Rezaian

Keyword(s):

Superior Vena Cava ◽

Superior Vena ◽

Vena Cava ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

S Wave ◽

Color Flow ◽

Great Vessels ◽

Road Maps ◽

Visualization Techniques ◽

Age Range

Abstract Background:Although much is known about the technical aspects of inferior vena cava visualization, it is much less about its counterpart: the superior vena cava (SVC). The aims of this study therefore, were to describe in detail the different possible transthoracic SVC visualization techniques in adults and to provide a series of normal values for its dimensions and Doppler signals. Methods:The feasibility of SVC visualization by TTE was initially established in 40 patients with or without central venous catheters, or pacemaker wires. Subsequently, the newly found SVC visualization road maps were applied in 30 healthy adults to assess SVC dimensions, their respiratory variations and Doppler signal parameters. Dimensions were measured 3-5mm proximal (above) the RA-SVC junction at the end of both cardiac and respiratory cycles but the peak Doppler velocities were only measured at the end-held expiration. To clarify the SVC color flow, the Nyquist limit was set at 25-40 m/s. Results: The three new SVC visualization road maps included:a) Modified apical 5-champber view (MA5CV), b) Modified parasternal short axis view of great vessels (MSAVGV) and c) Modified subcostal view (MSCV).The 30 normal subjects included 17 males and 13females with an age range of 24-45 years, weight of 46-77 kg, height of 158-178cm and body mass index (BMI) of 15.73-27.24 kg/m2. The largest end systolic SVC dimensions at the end of the expiration and inspiration ranged from 7.7 to 14.0 mm (10.74 ± 1.7 mm) and 8.0 -14.0 mm (10.86 ± 1.53 mm) respectively, and the highest S wave velocity ranged from 0.49 - 0.65 m/s (0.57 ± 0.03 m/s).Conclusion: The challenge of SVC visualization by TTE is over now and it is hoped that it could become a part of routine echocardiographic assessments by everybody and everywhere.

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