scholarly journals Alpinia oxyphyllaMiq. Extract Prevents Diabetes in Mice by Modulating Gut Microbiota

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiqiang Xie ◽  
Man Xiao ◽  
Yali Ni ◽  
Shangfei Jiang ◽  
Guizhu Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Sequencing Technology ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Technology ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Generation Sequencing ◽  
Administration Protocol ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Recently, the role of gut microbiota in the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been highlighted. We performed an 8-week administration protocol on T2DM (C57BL/6J db-/db-) mice and fecal samples were collected. Comparisons of fecal bacterial communities were performed between db-/db- mice and normal mice (DB/DB) and between the db-/db mice treated and untreated with AOE using next-generation sequencing technology. Our results showed that the db-/db-AOE group had improved glycemic control and renal function compared with the db-/db-H2O group. Compared with the db-/db-H2O group, AOE administration resulted in significantly increased ratio of Bacteroidetes-to-Firmicutes in db-/db- mice. In addition, the abundance ofAkkermansiawas significantly increased, whileHelicobacterwas significantly suppressed in the db-/db-AOE group compared with the db-/db-H2O group. Our data suggest that AOE treatment decreased blood glucose levels and significantly reduced damage of renal pathology in the T2DM mice by modulating gut microbiota composition.

scholarly journals Exome-Wide Analysis of the DiscovEHR Cohort Reveals Novel Candidate Pharmacogenomic Variants for Clinical Pharmacogenomics

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 561
Author(s):  
Maria-Theodora Pandi ◽  
Marc S. Williams ◽  
Peter van der Spek ◽  
Maria Koromina ◽  
George P. Patrinos
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Sequencing Technology ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Technology ◽  
Exome Sequencing Data ◽  
Whole Exome ◽  
Whole Exome Sequencing Data ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Recent advances in next-generation sequencing technology have led to the production of an unprecedented volume of genomic data, thus further advancing our understanding of the role of genetic variation in clinical pharmacogenomics. In the present study, we used whole exome sequencing data from 50,726 participants, as derived from the DiscovEHR cohort, to identify pharmacogenomic variants of potential clinical relevance, according to their occurrence within the PharmGKB database. We further assessed the distribution of the identified rare and common pharmacogenomics variants amongst different GnomAD subpopulations. Overall, our findings show that the use of publicly available sequence data, such as the DiscovEHR dataset and GnomAD, provides an opportunity for a deeper understanding of genetic variation in pharmacogenes with direct implications in clinical pharmacogenomics.

scholarly journals Deep sequencing of small RNA facilitates tissue and sex specific microRNA discovery in zebrafish

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candida Vaz ◽  
Choon Wei Wee ◽  
Serene Gek Ping Lee ◽  
Philip W Ingham ◽  
Vivek Tanavde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
Sequencing Technology ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Technology ◽  
Mirna Expression Data ◽  
Mrna Gene ◽  
Gene Regulatory ◽  
Genomic Resource ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Role of microRNAs in gene regulation has been well established. Though the number of genes appear to be equal between human and zebrafish, miRNAs detected in zebrafish (~247) is significantly low compared to human (~2000; miRBase Release 19). It appears that most of the miRNAs in zebrafish are yet to be discovered. Using next generation sequencing technology, we sequenced small RNAs from brain, gut, liver, ovary, testis, eye, heart and embryo of zebrafish. In few tissues (brain, gut, liver) sequencing was done sex specifically. About 16-62% of the sequenced reads mapped to known miRNAs of zebrafish, with the exceptions of ovary (5.7%) and testis (7.8%). We used miRDeep2, the miRNA predication tool, to discover the novel miRNAs using the un-annotated reads that ranged from 7.6 to 23.0%, with exceptions of ovary (51.4%) and testis (55.2%) that had the largest pool of un-annotated reads. The prediction tool identified a total of 459 novel pre-miRNAs. Comparison of miRNA expression data of the tissues showed the presence of tissue and sex specific miRNAs that could serve as biomarkers. The brain and liver had highest number of tissue specific (36) and sex specific (34) miRNAs, respectively. Taken together, we have made a comprehensive approach to identify tissue and sex specific miRNAs from zebrafish. Further, we have discovered 459 novel pre-miRNAs (~30% homology to human miRNA) as additional genomic resource for zebrafish. This resource can facilitate further investigations to understand miRNA-mRNA gene regulatory network in zebrafish which will have implications to understand human miRNA function.

scholarly journals The Role of HbA1C for Diagnosis of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus - A Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-32
Author(s):  
Shahana Zabeen ◽  
Sultana Rehana Akhter
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

For many years, the diagnosis of diabetes has been made through the laboratory- based measurement of fasting or random blood glucose levels or using OGTT. In the case of diabetes, the major outcome of interest is long term micro vascular complications for which a large body of data has been accumulated leading to the endorsement of HbA1C for diagnosis in many countries worldwide, with some variations in cut-offs and testing strategies.Faridpur Med. Coll. J. Jan 2016;11(1): 30-32

Modulation effects of Dendrobium officinale on gut microbiota of type 2 diabetes model mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 368 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sai Wang ◽  
Xin-Yu Li ◽  
Liang Shen
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Dendrobium Officinale ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Diabetes Model

Abstract In recent years, the relationship between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and gut microbiota has attracted much interest. Dendrobium officinale is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with anti-T2D potential, while its action mechanism remains to be further studied. This study was designed to investigate the modulation effects of D. officinale on gut microbiota of T2D model mice to provide clues to its pharmacology by high-throughput sequencing techniques. It was found that D. officinale supplement could significantly reduce the fasting blood glucose levels of T2D mice. Dendrobium officinale supplement could modulate the composition of gut microbiota and increase the relative abundances of key bacterial taxa associated with T2D development, including Akkermansia and Parabacteroides. Compared with placebo group mice, several Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes pathways associated with T2D altered in the D. officinale treated group. These findings indicated the modulation of D. officinale on gut microbiota of T2D mice, which provide potential pharmacological implications.

scholarly journals Enhanced Plasma H2S Levels Associated With Fasting Blood Glucose In Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 11-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pinaki Saha ◽  
Piyasa Banerjee ◽  
Prasenjit Pal ◽  
Lakshmisona Auddya ◽  
Santanu Sen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Introduction: A number of recent literatures suggest a potential role of H2S and H2S modifying agents in the etiology and management of type-2 diabetes mellitus. Objective: The current study was aimed to evaluate the plasma levels of H2S in the patients with type 2 Diabetes mellitus and to find out if there is any relationship of H2S concentrations with the fasting blood glucose levels. Methods: Plasma H2S levels were measured in sixty two recently diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients and compared with similar number of healthy volunteers as controls. Results: The plasma H2S level in the patients ( 81.17 ± 16.40 micromol/l ) is significantly higher (P< 0.001) than the healthy controls (50.69 ± 8.69 micromol/l) and the H2S levels in plasma have significant positive correlation (r= 0.359, P=0.004) with fasting blood glucose levels. Conclusion: The present study has elucidated that the patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus are associated with elevated plasma H2S levels which are well correlated with glucose levels. This reveals a potential the role of H2S modulators towards the management of this non-communicable epidemic disorder. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i6.12532Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(6) 2015 11-15

scholarly journals Recovery of human gut microbiota genomes with third-generation sequencing

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanfei Li ◽  
Yueling Jin ◽  
Jianming Zhang ◽  
Haoying Pan ◽  
Lan Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Sequencing Technology ◽  
Bacterial Genomes ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
Third Generation Sequencing ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Generation Sequencing

AbstractHuman gut microbiota modulates normal physiological functions, such as maintenance of barrier homeostasis and modulation of metabolism, as well as various chronic diseases including type 2 diabetes and gastrointestinal cancer. Despite decades of research, the composition of the gut microbiota remains poorly understood. Here, we established an effective extraction method to obtain high quality gut microbiota genomes, and analyzed them with third-generation sequencing technology. We acquired a large quantity of data from each sample and assembled large numbers of reliable contigs. With this approach, we constructed tens of completed bacterial genomes in which there were several new bacteria species. We also identified a new conditional pathogen, Enterococcus tongjius, which is a member of Enterococci. This work provided a novel and reliable approach to recover gut microbiota genomes, facilitating the discovery of new bacteria species and furthering our understanding of the microbiome that underlies human health and diseases.

scholarly journals Recovery of Human Gut Microbiota Genomes Substantially With Third-generation Sequencing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanfei Li ◽  
Yueling Jin ◽  
Haoying Pan ◽  
Jianming Zhang ◽  
Lan Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Sequencing Technology ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Third Generation Sequencing ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Abstract BackgroundHuman gut microbiota modulates normal physiological functions, such as the maintenance of barrier homeostasis and the modulation of metabolism, and various chronic diseases including type 2 diabetes and gastrointestinal cancer. Despite decades of researches, the composition of the gut microbiota remains unexplored and unidentified. ResultsHere we established an effective extraction method to obtain high-quality gut microbiota genomic DNA and detected the samples with third-generation sequencing technology. We acquired a quite big data form each sample and assembled many reliable contigs. Not only enormous unknown genes, but also several new bacteria subspecies or species were identified. ConclusionsThis work provides a novel and reliable framework to recover gut microbiota genomes substantially, facilitating the understanding of the roles of the microbiome that underlie in human health and disease.

scholarly journals ROLE OF FAMILY IN IMPLEMENTATION OF DIABETES EXERCISE IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELITUS PATIENTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-157
Author(s):  
Lono Wijayanti
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
The Family

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by an increase in blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia), which occurs due to abnormal insulin secretion, insulin activity and both (Brunner & Suddarth, 2014). The role of the family is needed for diabetics related to well-being and health where the family environment is a place for individuals to learn for life (Friedman, 2010). The role of the family is the most powerful indicator in giving a positive impact on the implementation of diabetes exercise which acts as a glicemic control which is controlling and regulating blood sugar levels.Objective: The aim of the study was to describe the role of families in implementing diabetes exercise in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients at Gayungan Health Center, Dukuh Menanggal, Surabaya.Method: The design of this study used descriptive research. The population is all families who have family members with diabetes mellitus cases with a large sample of 4O people. Sampling using the Total sampling technique The variables studied were the role of family in implementing diabetes exercise. Data collection is done by distributing questionnaires.Results: The results of the study showed that of the 40 respondents in the Gayungan Community Health Center working area in Dukuh Menanggal dated 40% the role of good family, 32.5% was sufficient, 27.5 was lacking in supporting the implementation of diabetes exerciseConclusion: The family role of almost half is in the good category. The family should play an active role in the management of diabetes exercises in family members who suffer from diabetes mellitus so that blood glucose levels can be controlled properly. Keywords: The role of the family, diabetes exercise, diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota Composition and Structure of the Ob/Ob and Db/Db Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingsheng Yang ◽  
Yixin Liu ◽  
Hengchang Xie ◽  
Zhengzheng Wen ◽  
Yunxia Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
High Abundance ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Different Ages

Introduction. Gut microbiota is involved in the progression of metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. The ob/ob and db/db mice are extensively used as models in studies on the pathogenesis of these diseases. The goal of this study is to characterize the composition and structure of gut microbiota in these model mice at different ages. Materials and methods. High-throughput sequencing was used to obtain the sequences of the highly variable 16S rRNA V3-V4 region from fecal samples. The taxa with high abundance in both model mice were identified by bioinformatics analysis. Moreover, the taxa with divergent abundance in one model mice at different ages or in both model mice at the same age were also recognized. Discussion and conclusion. The high abundance of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes in microbiota composition and their imbalanced ratio in both model mice reflect the state of metabolic disorders of these mice. Differences in microbiota composition between the two model mice of the same age or in one model mice with different ages were assumed to be closely linked to the fluctuation of their blood glucose levels with age. The data on gut microbiota in ob/ob and db/db mice investigated herein has broad implications for the pathogenesis study and drug discovery on obesity and related complications.

scholarly journals Diabetes and Cancer: Metabolic Association, Therapeutic Challenges, and the Role of Natural Products

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2179
Author(s):  
Wamidh H. Talib ◽  
Asma Ismail Mahmod ◽  
Sara Feras. Abuarab ◽  
Eliza Hasen ◽  
Amer A. Munaim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Cell Progression

Cancer is considered the second leading cause of death worldwide and in 2018 it was responsible for approximately 9.6 million deaths. Globally, about one in six deaths are caused by cancer. A strong correlation was found between diabetes mellitus and carcinogenesis with the most evident correlation was with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Research has proven that elevated blood glucose levels take part in cell proliferation and cancer cell progression. However, limited studies were conducted to evaluate the efficiency of conventional therapies in diabetic cancer patients. In this review, the correlation between cancer and diabetes will be discussed and the mechanisms by which the two diseases interact with each other, as well as the therapeutics challenges in treating patients with diabetes and cancer with possible solutions to overcome these challenges. Natural products targeting both diseases were discussed with detailed mechanisms of action. This review will provide a solid base for researchers and physicians to test natural products as adjuvant alternative therapies to treat cancer in diabetic patients.

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