scholarly journals A Pooled Analysis of Growth and Tolerance of Infants Exclusively Fed Partially Hydrolyzed Whey or Intact Protein-Based Infant Formulas

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura A. Czerkies ◽  
Brian D. Kineman ◽  
Sarah S. Cohen ◽  
Heidi Reichert ◽  
Ryan S. Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Infant Formula ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Stool Frequency ◽  
Stool Consistency ◽  
Intact Protein ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Infant Formulas ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Significant Difference

Background. For infants who are partially or exclusively fed infant formula, many options exist with compositional differences between formulas making choices difficult for caregivers and healthcare professionals. The protein in routine infant formulas differs by the source, fraction of cow’s milk protein used, and degree of hydrolysis. All commercially available regulated infant formulas support growth and development, but different stool patterns have been observed based on formula composition. A pooled analysis of seven clinical trials was conducted to examine growth, stool consistency, and stool frequency of infants fed an intact cow’s milk-based formula (CMF) or a partially hydrolyzed whey formula (PHF-W) from a single manufacturer. Methods. Individual subject data from seven infant formula growth studies (3 CMF, 4 PHF-W) were pooled and analyzed. All studies included healthy, full-term, formula-fed infants enrolled at 14 days of age with outcomes assessed over 4 months. Gains in weight and length to 4 months were analyzed using linear regression accounting for clustering within study. Outcomes of caregiver-reported stool consistency and frequency were analyzed using a longitudinal multinomial model. Results. Data from 511 infants were included (197 CMF, 314 PHF-W). There were no differences in weight gain between groups. There was no difference in length gain in girls fed PHF-W while boys fed PHF-W had a significant difference of +0.016 cm/month compared to boys fed CMF. Infants fed PHF-W had a significantly higher probability of soft and lower probability of hard stools as compared to infants fed CMF at each time point (p<0.001). Stool frequency was similar between groups. Conclusions. Infants fed CMF and PHF-W exhibit appropriate growth with comparable gains in weight and length through 4 months. More soft and fewer hard stools are observed in infants fed PHF-W compared to CMF. This difference could help to inform decision-making when choosing an infant formula.

scholarly journals Partially Hydrolyzed Whey Protein: A Review of Current Evidence, Implementation, and Further Directions

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Badriul Hegar ◽  
Zakiudin Munasir ◽  
Ahmad Suryawan ◽  
I gusti Lanang Sidhiarta ◽  
Ketut Dewi Kumara Wati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Allergic Disease ◽  
Intact Protein ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Breastfed Infants ◽  
Functional Gi Disorders

Background: Human milk is known to be the best nutrition for infants as it provides many health benefits. For non-breastfed infants, cow's milk based infant formula is the most optimal option to provide the needed nutrition. However, approximately 2-5% of all formula-fed infants experience cow’s milk allergy during their first year of life. Partially hydrolyzed whey formula (pHF-W) have been widely recommended to prevent the development of allergic disease in infants. However, according to epidemiological data, approximately half of the infants developing allergy are not part of the at-risk group.Objectives and Methods: This article aims to review the effects of pHF-W in preventing allergy, especially atopic disease, in all non-breastfed infants, as well as the safety aspect of pHF-W if used as routine formula. The role of pHF-W in the management of functional gastro-intestinal (GI) disorders is also reviewed.Results: Several clinical studies showed that pHF-W decrease the number of infants with eczema. The strongest evidence is provided by the 15-year follow up of the German Infant Nutritional Intervention study which showed reduction in the cumulative incidence of eczema and allergic rhinitis in pHF-W (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.59-0.96 for eczema; OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.47-0.95 for allergic rhinitis) and casein extensively hydrolysed formula  group (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.46-0.77 for eczema; OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.41-0.84 for allergic rhinitis), compared to CMF as a control, after 15 years of follow-up. pHF-W was also found to be beneficial in the management of functional GI disorders such as regurgitation, constipation and colic.Conclusions: The use of pHF-W in allergic infants has been recommended in various guidelines across the countries, as a primary prevention of allergic disease. One pHF-W has been approved by the US FDA and the European Commission's European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) for its safety and suitability as a routine infant formula for all healthy infants. According to the data obtained in the management of functional GI disorders, pHF-W is better tolerated than formula with intact protein. Further studies assessing the effect of routine use of pHF-W in a larger population of non-breastfed infants should also be conducted, in order to observe any potential harm and to determine the benefit and cost-effectiveness ratio.

scholarly journals Intestinal absorption of iron and calcium from soy and cow's milk-based infant formulas in weanling rats pups

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maisa de Lima Correia SILVA ◽  
Patrícia da Graça Leite SPERIDIÃO ◽  
Renata MARCIANO ◽  
Olga Maria Silvério AMÂNCIO ◽  
Tânia Beninga de MORAIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Absorption ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Hepatic Iron ◽  
Infant Formulas ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Iron And Calcium

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to compare the intestinal absorption of iron and calcium between soy-based and cow's milk-based infant formulas in weanling rats. Methods: Twenty male Wistar rats, twenty-one days old on the first day of weaning, were used in this experiment, divided in two Groups, one Group was fed soy protein-based infant formula the other, cow's milk protein-based infant formula. During the study period (ten consecutive days) the animals received food and water ad libitum. Hematocrit and hemoglobin were evaluated on the first, fifth, and tenth days by the Wintrobe and cyanomethemoglobin methods. Feces and urine were collected, beginning on the fifth day, for three consecutive days. On the tenth day, hepatic iron content was also analyzed. Hepatic iron as well as fecal and urinary iron and calcium analyses were performed using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. At thirty-one days of age, the animals were anesthetized with ketamine and xylazine and sacrificed by exsanguination via the vena cava. Results: The final concentration of hemoglobin in the group soy-based infant formula and milk-based infant formula were: 10.3±1.3g/dL and 10.9±1.0g/dL (p=0.310). The apparent absorption of iron and calcium, in that order, were: 73.4±10.2% and 70.2±9.5%; 97.2±0.7% and 97.6±1.0% (p=0.501; p=0.290). The apparent calcium retention was: 88.4% ±2.2 and 88.6±2.6% (p=0.848). Hepatic iron content was: 522.0±121.1mg/g and 527.8±80.5mg/g (p=0.907) . Conclusion: Intestinal iron and calcium absorption from soy-based infant formula is similar to that from milk-based infant formula in weanling rats.

scholarly journals The Glycemic Response to Infant Formulas: a Randomized Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adi Anafy ◽  
Hadar Moran-Lev ◽  
Niva Shapira ◽  
Meital Priel ◽  
Asaf Oren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soy Protein ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Infant Formulas ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cow’S Milk Protein

Abstract Objectives: Commercial infant formulas attempt to imitate the unique composition of human milk, which contributes to its distinctive influence on glycemic and insulinemic responses. However, lactose-free and milk protein-free formulas are often recommended due to medical reasons or chosen due to personal preferences (e.g., veganism). The aim of this study was to determine the glycemic and insulinemic indices of a variety of infant formulas.Methods: We conducted a three-arm, randomized, double-blind, crossover study. The participants were healthy adult volunteers aged 25-40 years. Each participant randomly drank three commercially available infant formulas (cow's milk protein-based ["standard"], soy protein-based, and lactose-free). Glycemic and insulinemic responses and glucose and insulin blood levels were determined and compared between the three formulas. Results: Twenty subjects were enrolled (11 females/9 males, mean age 32.8 ± 2.9 years). No significant difference was found in the glycemic index between the three formulas (21.5, 29.1, and 21.5 for the standard, soy protein-based, and lactose-free formulas, respectively, p = 0.21). However, maximal glucose levels were significantly higher for the soy protein-based formula compared to both the standard and lactose-free formulas (111.5 mg/dL compared to 101.8 mg/dL and 105.8 mg/dL, respectively, p = 0.001).Conclusion: A cow's milk protein-based formula, a lactose-free formula, and a soy protein-based formula elicited similar glycemic index. However, soy protein-based formula produced a significantly higher increase in postprandial glucose levels. The implication and the biological significance of these results has yet to be determined.

The Use of Whole Cow's Milk in Infancy

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 1105-1109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
American Academy ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Solid Foods ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
Iron Deficient

The pediatrician is faced with a difficult challenge in providing recommendations for optimal nutrition in older infants. Because the milk (or formula) portion of the diet represents 35% to 100% of total daily calories and because WCM and breast milk or infant formula differ markedly in composition, the selection of a milk or formula has a great impact on nutrient intake. Infants fed WCM have low intakes of iron, linoleic acid, and vitamin E, and excessive intakes of sodium, potassium, and protein, illustrating the poor nutritional compatibility of solid foods and WCM. These nutrient intakes are not optimal and may result in altered nutritional status, with the most dramatic effect on iron status. Infants fed iron-fortified formula or breast milk for the first 12 months of life generally maintain normal iron status. No studies have concluded that the introduction of WCM into the diet at 6 months of age produces adequate iron status in later infancy; however, recent studies have demonstrated that iron status is significantly impaired when WCM is introduced into the diet of 6-month-old infants. Data from studies abroad of highly iron-deficient infant populations suggest that infants fed partially modified milk formulas with supplemental iron in a highly bioavailable form (ferrous sulfate) may maintain adequate iron status. However, these studies do not address the overall nutritional adequacy of the infant's diet. Such formulas have not been studied in the United States. Optimal nutrition of the infant involves selecting the appropriate milk source and eventually introducing infant solid foods. To achieve this goal, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that infants be fed breast milk for the first 6 to 12 months. The only acceptable alternative to breast milk is iron-fortified infant formula. Appropriate solid foods should be added between the ages of 4 and 6 months. Consumption of breast milk or iron-fortified formula, along with age-appropriate solid foods and juices, during the first 12 months of life allows for more balanced nutrition. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that whole cow's milk and low-iron formulas not be used during the first year of life.

Gastroduodenal Motility in Neonates: Response to Human Milk Compared With Cow's Milk Formula

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 434-438
Author(s):  
T. Tomomasa ◽  
P. E. Hyman ◽  
K. Itoh ◽  
J. Y. Hsu ◽  
T. Koizumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Milk Formula ◽  
Wave Form ◽  
Fasting State ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Gastroduodenal Motility

It is known that breast milk empties more quickly from the stomach than does infant formula. We studied the difference in gastroduodenal motility between neonates fed with human milk and those fed with infant formula. Twenty-four five-to 36-day-old neonates were fed with mother's breast milk or with a cow's milk-based formula. Postprandlial gastroduodenal contractions were recorded manometrically for three hours. Repetitive, high-amplitude nonmigrating contractions were the dominant wave form during the postprandial period. The number of episodes, duration, amplitude, and frequency of nonmigrating contractions were not different following the different feedings. The migrating myoelectric complex, which signals a return to the interdigestive (fasting) state, appeared in 75% of breast milk-fed infants but only 17% of formula-fed infants (P &lt; .05) within the three-hour recording period. Because contractions were similar following the two meals, but a fasting state recurred more rapidly in breast-fed infants, we conclude that factors other than phasic, nonpropagated antroduodenal contractions were responsible for the differences in gastric emptying between breast milk and formula.

scholarly journals Analysis of Allergen-Specific T Cell and IgE Reactivity to Different Preparations of Cow’s Milk-Containing Food Extracts

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Chen ◽  
Aaron Sutherland ◽  
Giovanni Birrueta ◽  
Susan Laubach ◽  
Stephanie Leonard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Skin Prick Test ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Cell Reactivity ◽  
Prick Test ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Ige Reactivity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
T Cell Reactivity

Background: cow’s milk allergy (CM) is among the most common food allergies in young children and is often outgrown by adulthood. Prior to developing a tolerance to CM, a majority of CM-allergic children may tolerate extensively-heated CM. This study aims to characterize the IgE- and T cell-reactivity to unheated CM and the progressively more heated CM-containing foods. Methods: CM-containing food extracts from muffin, baked cheese, custard and raw, pasteurized CM commercial extract were tested for skin prick test reactivity, IgE binding and T cell reactivity as assessed by IL-5 and IFNγ production. Results: the skin prick test (SPT) reactivity was significantly decreased to muffin extract compared to raw, pasteurized CM. Both IgE- and T-cell reactivity were readily detectable against food extracts from all forms of CM. Western blot analysis of IgE reactivity revealed variability between extracts that was protein-specific. T cell-reactivity was detected against all four extracts with no significant difference in IL-5 or IFNγ production between them. Conclusion: our data indicate that despite reduced clinical reactivity, extracts from heated CM-containing foods retain immunogenicity when tested in vitro, particularly at the T cell level.

Manganese Absorption from Human Milk, Cow’s Milk and Infant Formulas

1988 ◽  
pp. 511-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Davidsson ◽  
Å. Cederblad ◽  
B. Lönnerdal ◽  
B. Sandström
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Infant Formulas ◽  
Cow's Milk

scholarly journals Study of Proportion of Milk with Lesser Yam Filtrate and Starter Concentration for Producing Synbiotic Yoghurt

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Rosida Rosida ◽  
Sintha Soraya Santi ◽  
Rohman
Keyword(s):  
Preference Score ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Soluble Fiber ◽  
Total Dietary Fiber ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Factor Ii ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

This study aimed to determine the effect of the proportion of cow's milk with lesser yam filtrate and starter concentration on the characteristics of synbiotic yoghurt. The research used a factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors, factor I was the proportion of cow's milk with lesser yam filtrate (100:0; 60:40; 50:50; 40:60; 0:100) and factor II was the starter cocentration (3%, 5%, 7%). The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variant (ANOVA) and if there was a significant difference between treatments, then continued with Duncan's test at the 5% level. Synbiotic yoghurt from proportion of cow's milk with lesser yam filtrate (50:50) and 5% starter concentration was the best treatment with total Lactic Acid Bacteria of 7.23 log CFU/ml; pH 4.20; total dietary fiber 3.05%, soluble fiber content 1.3%, inulin content 1.2%, fat content 0.41% and soluble protein content 2.66% with an average texture preference score of 6.13 (like much); taste core 6.02 (like much) and smell score 5.20 (like).

Exposure assessment of DEHP and DBP from cow's milk and infant formula measured by LS/MS/MS

2011 ◽  
Vol 205 ◽  
pp. S269
Author(s):  
E.Y. Han ◽  
B.M. Lee ◽  
J.Y. Bae ◽  
I.Y. Ahn ◽  
S.K. Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Assessment ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Cow's Milk
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