Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Young Adults Conceived by ICSI

Background. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) conception presents the early embryo with a radically different environment, which may lead to permanent alterations to key cardiometabolic processes. Blood pressure, indicators of insulin resistance, and lipid profiles have previously been studied in offspring born after in vitro fertilisation (IVF) and ICSI, with conflicting findings. Also, results in young adults born after ICSI are lacking. Aim. We investigated if young adult men and women conceived by ICSI more frequently have metabolic syndrome and its individual features in comparison to spontaneously conceived controls. Design. Cardiometabolic and anthropometric parameters from 126 longitudinally followed young adults conceived by ICSI were compared to those of 133 controls. Results. At age 18 years, only 1 of the participants displayed the metabolic syndrome (1 control woman). Mean concentrations of total cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin, HOMA-IR, and blood pressure were comparable between the ICSI conceived and control participants. A higher proportion (19.6%) of men conceived by ICSI had low (<40 mg/dl) HDL cholesterol compared to controls (5.6%). Conclusions. While men conceived by ICSI, but not women, had lower mean HDL cholesterol concentrations in comparison to controls, other markers of the metabolic syndrome were not affected by the mode of conception.

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“Obesity and Insulin Resistance” Is the Component of the Metabolic Syndrome Most Strongly Associated with Oxidative Stress

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox11010079 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 79

Author(s):

Grzegorz K. Jakubiak ◽

Kamila Osadnik ◽

Mateusz Lejawa ◽

Tadeusz Osadnik ◽

Marcin Goławski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Young Adults ◽

Anthropometric Parameters ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Total Antioxidant ◽

History Of

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is not a homogeneous entity, but this term refers to the coexistence of factors that increase the risk for the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. There are different versions of the criteria for the diagnosis of MS, which makes the population of patients diagnosed with MS heterogeneous. Research to date shows that MS is associated with oxidative stress (OS), but it is unclear which MS component is most strongly associated with OS. The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between the parameters of OS and the presence of individual elements of MS in young adults, as well as to identify the components of MS by means of principal components analysis (PCA) and to investigate how the parameters of OS correlate with the presence of individual components. The study included 724 young adults with or without a family history of coronary heart disease (population of the MAGNETIC study). Blood samples were taken from the participants of the study to determine peripheral blood counts, biochemical parameters, and selected parameters of OS. In addition, blood pressure and anthropometric parameters were measured. In subjects with MS, significantly lower activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), copper- and zinc-containing SOD (CuZnSOD), and manganese-containing SOD (MnSOD) were found, along with significantly higher total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and significantly lower concentration of thiol groups per gram of protein (PSH). We identified three components of MS by means of PCA: “Obesity and insulin resistance”, “Dyslipidemia”, and “Blood pressure”, and showed the component “Obesity and insulin resistance” to have the strongest relationship with OS. In conclusion, we documented significant differences in some parameters of OS between young adults with and without MS. We showed that “Obesity and insulin resistance” is the most important component of MS in terms of relationship with OS.

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Heritability of the metabolic syndrome and its components in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS)

Genetics Research ◽

10.1017/s001667231200050x ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 94 (6) ◽

pp. 331-337 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

MARYAM ZARKESH ◽

MARYAM SADAT DANESHPOUR ◽

BITA FAAM ◽

MOHAMMAD SADEGH FALLAH ◽

NIMA HOSSEINZADEH ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Age And Gender ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Biological Parents ◽

Heritability Estimation ◽

Low Hdl ◽

And Gender ◽

Continuous Traits

SummaryGrowing evidence suggests that metabolic syndrome (MetS) has both genetic and environmental bases. We estimated the heritability of the MetS and its components in the families from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). We investigated 904 nuclear families in TLGS with two biological parents and at least one offspring (1565 parents and 2448 children), aged 3–90 years, for whom MetS information was available and had at least two members of family with MetS. Variance component methods were used to estimate age and sex adjusted heritability of metabolic syndrome score (MSS) and MetS components using SOLAR software. The heritability of waist circumference (WC), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TGs), fasting blood sugar (FBS), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) as continuous traits after adjusting for age and gender were 27, 46, 36, 29, 25, 26 and 15%, respectively, and MSS had a heritability of 15%. When MetS components were analysed as discrete traits, the estimates of age and gender adjusted heritability for MetS, abdominal obesity, low HDL-C, high TG, high FBS and high blood pressure (BP) were 22, 40, 34, 38 and 23%, respectively (P < 0·05). Three factors were extracted from the six continuous traits of the MetS including factor I (BP), factor II (lipids) and factor III (obesity and FBS). Heritability estimation for these three factors were 7, 13 (P < 0·05) and 2%, respectively. The highest heritability was for HDL-C and TG. The results strongly encourage efforts to identify the underlying susceptibility genes.

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Heritability of the risk factors characteristic for the metabolic syndrome: a twin study

Orvosi Hetilap ◽

10.1556/oh.2011.29165 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 152 (32) ◽

pp. 1265-1271 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

György Jermendy ◽

Levente Littvay ◽

Rita Steinbach ◽

Ádám Jermendy ◽

Ádám Tárnoki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Anthropometric Parameters ◽

Serum Triglycerides ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Genetic And Environmental Factors

Both genetic and environmental factors play role in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome. The magnitude of genetic and environmental influences on the components of metabolic syndrome may vary in different populations. Aims: The present study was aimed to determine the effects of genetic and environmental factors on risk factors characteristic for the metabolic syndrome. Methods: A total of 101 (63 monozygotic and 38 dizygotic) adult twin pairs (n = 202; mean age: 43.3±15.8 years) were investigated. Medical history was recorded and physical examination was carried out for each subject. Fasting venous blood samples were used for measuring laboratory parameters. The presented estimates include the heritability structural equation (A-C-E) model results. In Model-1, all presented parameters are age- and gender- corrected. In Model-2, parameters were corrected for age, gender, body mass index and waist circumference. Results: Heritability in waist circumference (as well as in other anthropometric parameters such as weight and height) was high (Model-1: 71.0–88.1%). Similarly, genetic factors had the highest proportion of total phenotypic variance in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (Model-2: 57.1% and 57.7%, respectively). Based on the results of Model-2, unique environmental factors dominate alterations in serum triglycerides values (55.9%) while shared environmental factors proved to be substantial in alterations of HDL-cholesterol and fasting blood glucose values (58.1% and 57.1%, respectively). Comparing the results of Model-1 and Model-2, the difference in A-C-E model varied from 0.0% to 17.1%, indicating that only a minor proportion of genetic and environmental influences can be explained by the effects of anthropometric parameters. Conclusions: Among adult Hungarian healthy people, genetic factors have substantial influence on waist circumference and blood pressure values while environmental factors dominate alterations in serum triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol and fasting blood glucose values. The different heritability of individual risk factors challenges the original unifying concept of the metabolic syndrome. The results may be useful for establishing and implementing primary cardiovascular prevention both at individual and population levels. Orv. Hetil., 2011, 152, 1265–1271.

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Abstract MP19: Higher Parity is Associated With Components of the Metabolic Syndrome Among U.S. Hispanic/Latina Women: Results From the HCHS/SOL Study

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.131.suppl_1.mp19 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Catherine J Vladutiu ◽

Anna Maria Siega-Riz ◽

Alison M Stuebe ◽

Daniela Sotres-Alvarez ◽

Andy Ni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Hispanic Women ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Latina Women ◽

Live Births ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Elevated Glucose ◽

Low Hdl

Background: Physiologic adaptations occurring across successive pregnancies may increase the risk of adverse cardiovascular health outcomes in later life. Previous studies have found an association between higher parity and the metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, no studies have examined this association in a Hispanic/Latina population. Hispanic women have a higher prevalence of the MetS and higher birth rates than non-Hispanic women. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that higher parity is associated with the prevalence of components of the MetS in a cohort of Hispanic/Latina women. Methods: There were 9,482 Hispanic/Latina women of diverse backgrounds, aged 18-74 years, who participated in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) from 2008-2011. Components of the MetS were defined according to the AHA/NHLBI criteria and included abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥88cm), elevated triglycerides (≥150 mg/dL), low HDL cholesterol (<50mg/dL), high blood pressure (systolic ≥130mmHg or diastolic ≥85mmHg or on medication), and elevated fasting glucose (≥100mg/dL or on medication). Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios for the association between parity and components of the MetS, adjusting for sociodemographic, behavioral, and reproductive characteristics, and accounting for the complex survey design and sampling weights. Results: At HCHS/SOL baseline, women reported none (19.2%), one (18.9%), two (25.3%), three (19.7%), four (9.3%), and five or more (7.6%) prior live births. Compared to women with only one live birth, women with four live births had the highest odds of abdominal obesity (OR=2.5, 95% CI 1.8, 3.3) and those with five or more live births had the highest odds of low HDL cholesterol (OR=1.5, 95% CI 1.2, 1.9), elevated glucose (OR=1.8, 95% CI 1.3, 2.3), elevated triglycerides (OR=1.4, 95% CI 1.01, 1.8), and high blood pressure (OR=1.5, 95% CI 1.1, 2.0), after adjusting for age, Hispanic background, education, marital status, income, nativity, smoking, physical activity, menopause status, oral contraceptive use, hormone replacement therapy, and field center. Further adjustment for body mass index attenuated these associations for all MetS components, including abdominal obesity (OR=1.5, 95% CI 1.1, 2.2), low HDL cholesterol (OR=1.3, 95% CI 1.03, 1.7), and elevated glucose (OR=1.6, 95% CI 1.2, 2.1), but the associations for triglycerides and blood pressure were no longer statistically significant. Conclusion: Higher parity is associated with the prevalence of selected components of the MetS among U.S. Hispanic/Latina women. High parity among Latinas with a high prevalence of abdominal obesity suggests a context of high risk for metabolic dysregulation. A better characterization of the links between pregnancy, adiposity, and body fat distribution is needed.

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Abstract P202: The Metabolic Syndrome and Shift Work Among firefighters in South Korea

Hypertension ◽

10.1161/hyp.70.suppl_1.p202 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 70 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Jee eun Choi ◽

Mun-Joo Bae ◽

Sungha Park ◽

Ki-Soo Park ◽

Changsoo Kim

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Shift Work ◽

Work Group ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Common Disease ◽

Multiple Risk Factors ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

History Of

Background/Aim: Multiple risk factors including dysipidemia, hypertension and hyperglycemia which cluster together are termed the metabolic syndrome. It means managing the metabolic syndrome is crucial to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD). Several studies found that CVD is the common disease and the leading cause of on-duty death among firefighters. Although importance of understanding to investigate risk factors that causes CVD among firefighter has been emphasized, research about it is still behind. Thus, to understand risk factor of CVD among firefighters, this study was examined an association between metabolic syndrome and shift work among firefighters. Methods: A total of 257 men firefighters were included from Firefighter Research Enhancement of Safety & Heath (FRESH) cohort in Korea. No history of CV related disease including hypertension and diabetes were selected. Weight circumference, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured. SBP and DBP were measured three times at interval of five minutes in resting and average of the three of SBP and DBP was used in this analysis. Fasting hyperglycaemia, Triglycerides and HDL cholesterol were analysed from blood sample collected from the participants. Metabolic syndrome, using the modified National Cholesterol Education Program (Adult Treatment Panel III) criteria, was defined. The information of shift works, smoking and alcohol consumption were self-reported from the participants and divided into three; no shift work, 24 hour shift work and 2 or 3 shifts works. To analysis the association between metabolic syndrome and shift works, logistic model was used, adjusting for age, BMI, smoking and alcohol. Results: 26 (10.1%) participants out of 257 were metabolic syndrome in the participants group. The unadjusted prevalence of the metabolic syndrome by shift works is 8.2% in no shift work group, 7.1% in 24 hour shift work group and 15.9% in 2 or 3 shifts work group. Adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) with 95% CI for 24 hours shift work was 1.51 [0.35 6.45] and 4.77 [1.08 20.9] for 3 shifts works. Conclusions: There is an association between metabolic syndrome and shift work in Korea firefighters, which implies shift work might be associated with CVD.

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Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH): potential mechanisms of action against risk factors of the metabolic syndrome

Nutrition Research Reviews ◽

10.1017/s0954422419000155 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 1-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Masoumeh Akhlaghi

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Saturated Fat ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Reduce Blood Pressure ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dash Diet ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome

AbstractThe metabolic syndrome is a cluster of disorders dominated by abdominal obesity, hypertriacylglycerolaemia, low HDL-cholesterol, high blood pressure and high fasting glucose. Diet modification is a safe and effective way to treat the metabolic syndrome. Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) is a dietary pattern rich in fruits, vegetables and low-fat dairy products, and low in meats and sweets. DASH provides good amounts of fibre, K, Ca and Mg, and limited quantities of total fat, saturated fat, cholesterol and Na. Although DASH was initially designed for the prevention or control of hypertension, using a DASH diet has other metabolic benefits. In the present review, the effect of each dietary component of DASH on the risk factors of the metabolic syndrome is discussed. Due to limited fat and high fibre and Ca content, individuals on the DASH diet are less prone to overweight and obesity and possess lower concentrations of total and LDL-cholesterol although changes in TAG and HDL-cholesterol have been less significant and available evidence in this regard is still inconclusive. Moreover, high amounts of fruit and vegetables in DASH provide great quantities of K, Mg and fibre, all of which have been shown to reduce blood pressure. K, Mg, fibre and antioxidants have also been effective in correcting glucose and insulin abnormalities. Evidence is provided from cross-sectional investigations, cohort studies and randomised controlled trials, and, where available, from published meta-analyses. Mechanisms are described according to human studies and, in the case of a lack of evidence, from animal and cell culture investigations.

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The Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome and Its Risk Factors in a Middle-Aged Swedish Population — Mainly a Function of Overweight?

European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing ◽

10.1016/j.ejcnurse.2007.05.003 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 21-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Gunilla Hollman ◽

Margareta Kristenson

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Population Based ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Swedish Population ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome

Background: The prevalence of obesity, one risk factor for developing the metabolic syndrome (MS), has increased during the last decades. It has therefore been assumed that the prevalence of MS would also increase. Aims: The aim was to analyse the prevalence of MS and its risk factors in a middle-aged Swedish population. Methods: Data were obtained between 2003 and 2004 from a random population based sample of 502 men and 505 women, 45–69 years old. Measures of plasma glucose, serum lipids, blood pressure, weight, height, waist circumference and self-reported data concerning presence of disease, medication and lifestyle were obtained. Results: The prevalence of MS was 14.8% among men and 15.3% among women, with an increase by age among women only, 10% to 25% ( p = 0.029). Among individuals with MS the most frequent risk factor was large waist circumference, present in 85% of men and 99% of women, followed by high blood pressure, high triglycerides, high glucose and HDL cholesterol (38% and 47% respectively). Conclusion: The prevalence of MS was 15%, increasing with age only among women. Overweight was a dominant characteristic, and only half of the individuals with MS had glucose/HDL cholesterol levels beyond defined cut points of the syndrome.

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Effects of short-term testosterone administration on variables of the metabolic syndrome, in particular aldosterone

Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation ◽

10.1515/hmbci-2012-0023 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Nikolay Goncharov ◽

Gulinara Katsya ◽

Lidiya Gaivoronskaya ◽

Vladimir Zoloedov ◽

Valentin Uskov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Psychological Functioning ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Serum Glucose ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Short Term ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Serum Aldosterone ◽

Testosterone Administration

AbstractThe ATPIII criteria of the metabolic syndrome (MS) comprise impaired fasting glucose (>5.6 nmol/L), waist circumference >102 cm, hypertension (>130/85 mm Hg), high triglycerides (>1.7 nmol/L) and low HDL cholesterol (≤1.03 nmol/L). Aldosterone is currently recognized as a key factor in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and insulin resistance, linking hypertension to MS and obesity. Further, the MS is related to psychological functioning.Forty-two men older than 40 years with BMI >30 kg/mAfter 24 weeks of testosterone administration, there were significant declines of insulin and homeostatic model assessment and of serum aldosterone, but no changes in blood pressure. Serum glucose declined but not significantly (p=0.073). There was a slight increase in LDL cholesterol and a decrease in triglycerides. Other variables of MS and other biochemical variables did not change. Echocardiographical variables did not change. The AMS showed improvements over the first 3 months after testosterone administration but, although sustained, there was no further improvement. Short-term testosterone administration over 24 weeks led to some improvements of variables of the MS, notably of aldosterone. Longer-term studies are needed to analyze whether the decrease in serum aldosterone will improve blood pressure and glycemic control.

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Association between 24 h urinary sodium and potassium excretion and the metabolic syndrome in Chinese adults: the Shandong and Ministry of Health Action on Salt and Hypertension (SMASH) study

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114514003833 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 113 (6) ◽

pp. 996-1002 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Zeng Ge ◽

Xiaolei Guo ◽

Xiaorong Chen ◽

Junli Tang ◽

Liuxia Yan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Central Obesity ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Elevated Blood Pressure ◽

Potassium Excretion ◽

Elevated Blood ◽

Chinese Adults ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Low Hdl

The association of 24 h urinary Na and potassium excretion with the risk of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) has not been studied in China. The aim of the present study was to examine this association by analysing the data from 1906 study participants living in north China. To this end, 24 h urine samples were collected. Of the 1906 participants, 471 (24·7 %) had the MetS. The mean urinary Na and K excretion was 228·7 and 40·8 mmol/d, respectively. After multivariate adjustment, the odds of the MetS significantly increased across the increasing tertiles of urinary Na excretion (1·00, 1·40 and 1·54, respectively). For the components of the MetS, the odds of central obesity, elevated blood pressure and elevated TAG, but not the odds of low HDL-cholesterol and elevated fasting glucose, significantly increased with the successive tertiles of urinary Na excretion. Furthermore, for every 100 mmol/d increase in urinary Na excretion, the odds of the MetS, central obesity, elevated blood pressure and elevated TAG was significantly increased by 29, 63, 22 and 21 %, respectively. However, urinary K excretion was not significantly associated with the risk of the MetS. These findings suggest that high Na intake might be an important risk factor for the MetS in Chinese adults.

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Comparison of the established definition criteria for diagnosing metabolic syndrome between overweight and obese children in Vojvodina

Vojnosanitetski pregled ◽

10.2298/vsp1106500v ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 68 (6) ◽

pp. 500-505

Author(s):

Ivana Vorgucin ◽

Jovan Vlaski ◽

Nada Naumovic ◽

Dragan Katanic

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

International Diabetes Federation ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

The Body ◽

Obese Children ◽

Sample Group ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome

Background/Aim. Metabolic syndrome is a clinical term which encompasses obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, as well as an increased risk of the development of diabetes mellitus type 2 and cardiovascular disorders in early adulthood. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is increasing and directly related to the obesity rate among children. The aim of the research was to compare the established definition of the criteria for diagnosing metabolic syndrome in a sample group consisting of overweight and obese children in Vojvodina. Methods. The research was performed as a cross study analysis of 206 examinees. In terms of the sample group (25% children and 75% adolescents), 74% were obese and 26% overweight according to the body mass index (BMI). Two sets of criteria for diagnosing metabolic syndrome were applied in the sample of adolescents: the criteria for adults, specifically adapted for children, and the criteria defined by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) for children and adolescents. The research included the analysis of the following criteria: BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, glycemia and insulinemia during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Results. By applying the specific criteria for diagnosing the metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents on the whole sample, it was established that the metabolic syndrome was present in 41% of the examinees, while the application of the criteria defined by the IDF confirmed the diagnosis in 22% of the examinees. An analysis of the metabolic syndrome risk factors established that among the defined specific criteria the most frequent factors present were elevated BMI and the pathological results of the OGTT, while the least frequent was low HDL cholesterol. Among the criteria listed by the IDF, the most frequent metabolic syndrome factors were waist circumference and increased blood pressure, while the least frequent was elevated fasting glucose. Conclusion. Metabolic syndrome in overweight and obese children in Vojvodina was diagnosed much more often when the specific criteria for children and adolescents were applied than it was the case when the criteria defined by the International Diabetes Federation were applied.

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