scholarly journals The Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome and Its Risk Factors in a Middle-Aged Swedish Population — Mainly a Function of Overweight?

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunilla Hollman ◽  
Margareta Kristenson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Swedish Population ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Background: The prevalence of obesity, one risk factor for developing the metabolic syndrome (MS), has increased during the last decades. It has therefore been assumed that the prevalence of MS would also increase. Aims: The aim was to analyse the prevalence of MS and its risk factors in a middle-aged Swedish population. Methods: Data were obtained between 2003 and 2004 from a random population based sample of 502 men and 505 women, 45–69 years old. Measures of plasma glucose, serum lipids, blood pressure, weight, height, waist circumference and self-reported data concerning presence of disease, medication and lifestyle were obtained. Results: The prevalence of MS was 14.8% among men and 15.3% among women, with an increase by age among women only, 10% to 25% ( p = 0.029). Among individuals with MS the most frequent risk factor was large waist circumference, present in 85% of men and 99% of women, followed by high blood pressure, high triglycerides, high glucose and HDL cholesterol (38% and 47% respectively). Conclusion: The prevalence of MS was 15%, increasing with age only among women. Overweight was a dominant characteristic, and only half of the individuals with MS had glucose/HDL cholesterol levels beyond defined cut points of the syndrome.

scholarly journals Heritability of the risk factors characteristic for the metabolic syndrome: a twin study

2011 ◽  
Vol 152 (32) ◽  
pp. 1265-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
György Jermendy ◽  
Levente Littvay ◽  
Rita Steinbach ◽  
Ádám Jermendy ◽  
Ádám Tárnoki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Both genetic and environmental factors play role in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome. The magnitude of genetic and environmental influences on the components of metabolic syndrome may vary in different populations. Aims: The present study was aimed to determine the effects of genetic and environmental factors on risk factors characteristic for the metabolic syndrome. Methods: A total of 101 (63 monozygotic and 38 dizygotic) adult twin pairs (n = 202; mean age: 43.3±15.8 years) were investigated. Medical history was recorded and physical examination was carried out for each subject. Fasting venous blood samples were used for measuring laboratory parameters. The presented estimates include the heritability structural equation (A-C-E) model results. In Model-1, all presented parameters are age- and gender- corrected. In Model-2, parameters were corrected for age, gender, body mass index and waist circumference. Results: Heritability in waist circumference (as well as in other anthropometric parameters such as weight and height) was high (Model-1: 71.0–88.1%). Similarly, genetic factors had the highest proportion of total phenotypic variance in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (Model-2: 57.1% and 57.7%, respectively). Based on the results of Model-2, unique environmental factors dominate alterations in serum triglycerides values (55.9%) while shared environmental factors proved to be substantial in alterations of HDL-cholesterol and fasting blood glucose values (58.1% and 57.1%, respectively). Comparing the results of Model-1 and Model-2, the difference in A-C-E model varied from 0.0% to 17.1%, indicating that only a minor proportion of genetic and environmental influences can be explained by the effects of anthropometric parameters. Conclusions: Among adult Hungarian healthy people, genetic factors have substantial influence on waist circumference and blood pressure values while environmental factors dominate alterations in serum triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol and fasting blood glucose values. The different heritability of individual risk factors challenges the original unifying concept of the metabolic syndrome. The results may be useful for establishing and implementing primary cardiovascular prevention both at individual and population levels. Orv. Hetil., 2011, 152, 1265–1271.

scholarly journals The metabolic syndrome – What is it and how should it be managed?

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 33-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M Nilsson ◽  
Jaakko Tuomilehto ◽  
Lars Rydén
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Elevated Blood Pressure ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Successful Management ◽  
Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Frail Elderly People

A cluster of metabolic factors have been merged into an entity named the metabolic syndrome. Although the characteristics of this syndrome have varied over time the presently used definition was established in 2009. The presence of three abnormal findings out of five components qualifies a person for the metabolic syndrome: elevated waist circumference, elevated triglycerides, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, elevated blood pressure and elevated fasting plasma glucose. Cut points have been defined for all components apart from waist circumference, for which national or regional values are used. The metabolic syndrome predicts cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. This associated risk does not exceed its components whereof elevated blood pressure is the most frequent. A successful management should, however, address all factors involved. The management is always based on healthy lifestyle choices but has not infrequently to be supported by pharmacological treatment, especially blood pressure lowering drugs. The metabolic syndrome is a useful example of the importance of multiple targets for preventive interventions. To be successful management has to be individualized not the least when it comes to pharmacological therapy. Frail elderly people should not be over-treated. Knowledge transfer of how risk factors act should be accompanied by continuous trust building and motivation. In complex situations with a mix of biological risk factors, adverse social conditions and unhealthy lifestyle, everything cannot be changed at once. It is better to aim for small steps that are lasting than large, unsustainable steps with relapses to unhealthy behaviours. A person with the metabolic syndrome will always be afflicted by its components, which is the reason that management has to be sustained over a very long time. This review summarizes the knowledge on the metabolic syndrome and its management according to present state of the art.

Abstract P202: The Metabolic Syndrome and Shift Work Among firefighters in South Korea

Hypertension ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jee eun Choi ◽  
Mun-Joo Bae ◽  
Sungha Park ◽  
Ki-Soo Park ◽  
Changsoo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Work Group ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Multiple Risk Factors ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
History Of

Background/Aim: Multiple risk factors including dysipidemia, hypertension and hyperglycemia which cluster together are termed the metabolic syndrome. It means managing the metabolic syndrome is crucial to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD). Several studies found that CVD is the common disease and the leading cause of on-duty death among firefighters. Although importance of understanding to investigate risk factors that causes CVD among firefighter has been emphasized, research about it is still behind. Thus, to understand risk factor of CVD among firefighters, this study was examined an association between metabolic syndrome and shift work among firefighters. Methods: A total of 257 men firefighters were included from Firefighter Research Enhancement of Safety & Heath (FRESH) cohort in Korea. No history of CV related disease including hypertension and diabetes were selected. Weight circumference, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured. SBP and DBP were measured three times at interval of five minutes in resting and average of the three of SBP and DBP was used in this analysis. Fasting hyperglycaemia, Triglycerides and HDL cholesterol were analysed from blood sample collected from the participants. Metabolic syndrome, using the modified National Cholesterol Education Program (Adult Treatment Panel III) criteria, was defined. The information of shift works, smoking and alcohol consumption were self-reported from the participants and divided into three; no shift work, 24 hour shift work and 2 or 3 shifts works. To analysis the association between metabolic syndrome and shift works, logistic model was used, adjusting for age, BMI, smoking and alcohol. Results: 26 (10.1%) participants out of 257 were metabolic syndrome in the participants group. The unadjusted prevalence of the metabolic syndrome by shift works is 8.2% in no shift work group, 7.1% in 24 hour shift work group and 15.9% in 2 or 3 shifts work group. Adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) with 95% CI for 24 hours shift work was 1.51 [0.35 6.45] and 4.77 [1.08 20.9] for 3 shifts works. Conclusions: There is an association between metabolic syndrome and shift work in Korea firefighters, which implies shift work might be associated with CVD.

Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH): potential mechanisms of action against risk factors of the metabolic syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoumeh Akhlaghi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Reduce Blood Pressure ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dash Diet ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

AbstractThe metabolic syndrome is a cluster of disorders dominated by abdominal obesity, hypertriacylglycerolaemia, low HDL-cholesterol, high blood pressure and high fasting glucose. Diet modification is a safe and effective way to treat the metabolic syndrome. Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) is a dietary pattern rich in fruits, vegetables and low-fat dairy products, and low in meats and sweets. DASH provides good amounts of fibre, K, Ca and Mg, and limited quantities of total fat, saturated fat, cholesterol and Na. Although DASH was initially designed for the prevention or control of hypertension, using a DASH diet has other metabolic benefits. In the present review, the effect of each dietary component of DASH on the risk factors of the metabolic syndrome is discussed. Due to limited fat and high fibre and Ca content, individuals on the DASH diet are less prone to overweight and obesity and possess lower concentrations of total and LDL-cholesterol although changes in TAG and HDL-cholesterol have been less significant and available evidence in this regard is still inconclusive. Moreover, high amounts of fruit and vegetables in DASH provide great quantities of K, Mg and fibre, all of which have been shown to reduce blood pressure. K, Mg, fibre and antioxidants have also been effective in correcting glucose and insulin abnormalities. Evidence is provided from cross-sectional investigations, cohort studies and randomised controlled trials, and, where available, from published meta-analyses. Mechanisms are described according to human studies and, in the case of a lack of evidence, from animal and cell culture investigations.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Metabolic Syndrome among Locomotive Drivers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Saraei ◽  
A Najafi ◽  
E Heidarbagi ◽  
A Rahimi-Golkhandan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Waist Circumference ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Train Drivers

Introduction: Screening of risk factors for metabolic syndrome among commercial and train drivers that are considered safety sensitive jobs, is an important issue in safety of transportation system. Metabolic syndrome is consisted of disturbed lipid profile, high blood pressure, and high waist circumference. It can lead to decrease the quality of life and higher health associated costs for these patients. This study aimed to assess risk factors for metabolic syndrome among train drivers. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 281 train drivers referred to their annual health examinations to Occupational Medicine Clinic of Baharloo Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Demographic characteristics of participants were recorded. Blood pressure, body mass index and waist circumference of drivers were measured. Participants’ blood sample for fasting blood sugar, triglyceride, high and low density lipoproteins were collected. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the NCEP ATP III criteria. Results: All of the participants were males.  Their mean age and BMI was 43±10 year and 26.60±3.67 Kg/m2, respectively. Fifty three (21%) of the participants were diagnosed with metabolic syndrome. The more frequent risk factor for metabolic syndrome was triglyceride more than 150mg/dl. Conclusion: Findings of the present study revealed high prevalence of metabolic syndrome among train drivers. Further studies are needed for screening the metabolic syndrome in this occupational group as it is a sensitive occupation.

scholarly journals Comparison of the established definition criteria for diagnosing metabolic syndrome between overweight and obese children in Vojvodina

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 500-505
Author(s):  
Ivana Vorgucin ◽  
Jovan Vlaski ◽  
Nada Naumovic ◽  
Dragan Katanic
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
The Body ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Sample Group ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Background/Aim. Metabolic syndrome is a clinical term which encompasses obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, as well as an increased risk of the development of diabetes mellitus type 2 and cardiovascular disorders in early adulthood. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is increasing and directly related to the obesity rate among children. The aim of the research was to compare the established definition of the criteria for diagnosing metabolic syndrome in a sample group consisting of overweight and obese children in Vojvodina. Methods. The research was performed as a cross study analysis of 206 examinees. In terms of the sample group (25% children and 75% adolescents), 74% were obese and 26% overweight according to the body mass index (BMI). Two sets of criteria for diagnosing metabolic syndrome were applied in the sample of adolescents: the criteria for adults, specifically adapted for children, and the criteria defined by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) for children and adolescents. The research included the analysis of the following criteria: BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, glycemia and insulinemia during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Results. By applying the specific criteria for diagnosing the metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents on the whole sample, it was established that the metabolic syndrome was present in 41% of the examinees, while the application of the criteria defined by the IDF confirmed the diagnosis in 22% of the examinees. An analysis of the metabolic syndrome risk factors established that among the defined specific criteria the most frequent factors present were elevated BMI and the pathological results of the OGTT, while the least frequent was low HDL cholesterol. Among the criteria listed by the IDF, the most frequent metabolic syndrome factors were waist circumference and increased blood pressure, while the least frequent was elevated fasting glucose. Conclusion. Metabolic syndrome in overweight and obese children in Vojvodina was diagnosed much more often when the specific criteria for children and adolescents were applied than it was the case when the criteria defined by the International Diabetes Federation were applied.

scholarly journals Regular consumption of pulses for 8 weeks reduces metabolic syndrome risk factors in overweight and obese adults

2012 ◽  
Vol 108 (S1) ◽  
pp. S111-S122 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Mollard ◽  
B. L. Luhovyy ◽  
S. Panahi ◽  
M. Nunez ◽  
A. Hanley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucose Load ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Frequent Consumption

Pulses are low in energy density, supporting their inclusion in the diet for the management of risk factors of the metabolic syndrome (MetSyn). The aim of the present study was to describe the effects of frequent consumption (five cups/week over 8 weeks) of pulses (yellow peas, chickpeas, navy beans and lentils), compared with counselling to reduce energy intake by 2093 kJ/d (500 kcal/d), on risk factors of the MetSyn in two groups (nineteen and twenty-one subjects, respectively) of overweight or obese (mean BMI 32·8 kg/m2) adults. Body weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting blood parameters and 24 h food intakes were measured at weeks 1, 4 and 8. Blood glucose, insulin, C-peptide, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and ghrelin were measured after a 75 g oral glucose load at weeks 1 and 8. At week 8, both groups reported reductions in energy intake, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, glycosylated Hb (HbA1c) and glucose AUC and homeostasis model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) following the glucose load (P < 0·05). However, HDL, fasting C-peptide and insulin AUC responses were dependent on diet (P < 0·05). HDL and C-peptide increased by 4·5 and 12·3 %, respectively, in the pulse group, but decreased by 0·8 and 7·6 %, respectively, in the energy-restricted group. Insulin AUC decreased in both females and males on the energy-restricted diet by 24·2 and 4·8 %, respectively, but on the pulse diet it decreased by 13·9 % in females and increased by 27·3 % in males (P < 0·05). In conclusion, frequent consumption of pulses in an ad libitum diet reduced risk factors of the MetSyn and these effects were equivalent, and in some instances stronger, than counselling for dietary energy reduction.

scholarly journals Circulating Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Levels and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Population-Based Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Shi ◽  
Xiaoyong Li ◽  
Weiwei Zhang ◽  
Yixin Niu ◽  
Ning Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Low Hdl

Aims: To evaluate the prospective association of circulating PCSK9 levels with the cardiometabolic risk profiles (high LDL-cholesterol, high triglycerides, low HDL-cholesterol, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome).Methods: A population-based prospective study was conducted among 7,104 Chinese individuals (age 56.2 ± 7.5 years; 32.0% men). Circulating PCSK9 levels were measured using ELISA.Results: Circulating PCSK9 levels were higher in women than men (286.7 ± 90.1 vs. 276.1 ± 86.4 ng/ml, p &lt; 0.001). And circulating PCSK9 was positively correlated with LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglycerides both in men and women (all p &lt; 0.001). The positive correlation between PCSK9 and waist circumference, fasting glucose, insulin resistance, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and C-reactive protein (all p &lt; 0.01) was observed in women only. According to Cox regression analysis, circulating PCSK9 was positively associated with incidence of high LDL-cholesterol both in men (HR 1.33, 95% CI 1.09–1.65, p &lt; 0.001) and women (HR 1.36, 95% CI 1.12–1.69, p &lt; 0.001). Moreover, PCSK9 was significantly associated with incident high triglycerides (HR 1.31, 95% CI 1.13–1.72, p &lt; 0.001), hypertension (HR 1.28, 95% CI 1.08–1.53, p = 0.011), type 2 diabetes (HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.09–1.76, p = 0.005), and metabolic syndrome (HR 1.30, 95% CI 1.11–1.65, p = 0.009) per SD change in women only. No statistically significant association was observed between circulating PCSK9 and incidence of low HDL-cholesterol (p &gt; 0.1).Conclusions: Elevated circulating PCSK9 was significantly associated with cardiometabolic risk factors and independently contributed to the prediction of cardiometabolic risks in women.

What Types of Exercise Are More Effective in Reducing Obesity and Blood Pressure for Middle-Aged Women? A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 109980042110154
Author(s):  
Seong-Hi Park ◽  
Chul-Gyu Kim
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Middle Aged

Background: A systematic review was performed to identify the types of physical activities effective as interventions in preventing metabolic syndrome in middle-aged women. Methods: Electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and CINAHL) served as the data sources. Cochrane’s Risk of Bias 2 was applied to assess the risk of bias of the randomized controlled trials. Meta-analyses were performed on selected studies using Review Manager 5.3. Thirty-one trials enrolling 2,202 participants were included. Results: Compared to controls, the effects of physical activity were indicated by pooled mean differences, which were −0.57 kg for body weight, −0.43 kg/m2 for body mass index, −1.63 cm for waist circumference, −4.89 mmHg for systolic blood pressure (BP), and −2.71 mmHg for diastolic BP. The effects were greater on the measurements of waist circumference and BP than on body weight and BMI. The types of physical activities were further analyzed according to sub-groups. Only aerobic exercise did not affect body weight and resistance exercise did not significantly change any results. Contrarily, combined exercises significantly reduced measurements of waist circumference and BP. Conclusion: This review can provide valuable information for research and implementation of measures to prevent metabolic syndrome in middle-aged women.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document