Adipocytokines in Rheumatoid Arthritis: The Hidden Link between Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Comorbidities

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting typically synovial joints and leading to progressive articular damage, disability, and reduced quality of life. Despite better recent therapeutic strategies improving long-term outcomes, RA is associated with a high rate of comorbidities, infections, malignancies, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Remarkably, some well-known pathogenic proinflammatory mediators in RA, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), may play a pivotal role in the development of CVD. Interestingly, different preclinical and clinical studies have suggested that biologic agents commonly used to treat RA patients may be effective in improving CVD. In this context, the contribution of adipocytokines has been suggested. Adipocytokines are pleiotropic molecules, mainly released by white adipose tissue and immune cells. Adipocytokines modulate the function of different tissues and cells, and in addition to energy homeostasis and metabolism, amplify inflammation, immune response, and tissue damage. Adipocytokines may contribute to the proinflammatory state in RA patients and development of bone damage. Furthermore, they could be associated with the occurrence of CVD. In this study, we reviewed available evidence about adipocytokines in RA, because of their involvement in disease activity, associated CVD, and possible biomarkers of prognosis and treatment outcome and because of their potential as a possible new therapeutic target.

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ADIPOCYTOKINES IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: LATENT RELATIONASHIP BETWEEN INFLAMMATION AND CARDIOMETABOLIC COMORBIDITIES

Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії ◽

10.31718/2077-1096.21.1.165 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 165-171

Author(s):

V.M. Zhdan ◽

M.V. Tkachenko ◽

M.Yu. Babanina ◽

Ye.M. Kіtura ◽

G.V. Volchenko

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Energy Homeostasis ◽

Proinflammatory Mediators ◽

Bone Damage ◽

Articular Damage ◽

Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽

Chronic Autoimmune Disease ◽

Necrosis Factor

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the synovial membrane of the joints and leads to progressive articular damage, disability and reduced quality of life. Despite the emergence of more innovative therapeutic strategies that have improved the duration of remission, rheumatoid arthritis is associated with high levels of comorbidities, infections, malignancies and cardiovascular disease. It is known that some pathogenic proinflammatory mediators in rheumatoid arthritis, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumour necrosis factor, may play a central role in the development of cardiovascular disease. Interestingly, various preclinical and clinical studies have shown that biologic agents, who are widely used in the therapy of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, may be effective in the therapy of cardiovascular diseases as well. For this purpose we have studied adipocytokines. Adipocytokines are pleiotropic molecules that are mainly released by white adipose tissue and immune cells. Adipocytokines modulate the function of different tissues and cells, and, in addition to energy homeostasis and metabolism, enhance inflammation, immune response and tissue damage. Adipocytokines may contribute to the proinflammatory conditions in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and the development of bone damage. In addition, they may be associated with the development of cardiovascular disease. In this study, we considered the already known evidence about adipocytokines in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis, because they are also actively involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and are possible biomarkers of prognosis and treatment outcomes, because of their potential, as a possible new therapeutic target.

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SHORT TO MEDIUM RESULTS USING THE REMOTION TOTAL WRIST REPLACEMENT FOR RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

Hand Surgery ◽

10.1142/s0218810413500202 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 18 (02) ◽

pp. 175-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

A. S. C. Bidwai ◽

F. Cashin ◽

A. Richards ◽

D. J. Brown

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Pain Relief ◽

Surgical Intervention ◽

Case Series ◽

High Rate ◽

Wound Breakdown ◽

Radial Forearm ◽

Skin Coverage

We present the clinical outcome of patients who underwent RE-MOTION Total Wrist Replacement (TWR) for the treatment of Rheumatoid arthritis involving the wrist. Ten patients were available for follow-up, ranging from one to five years after index surgery. Two patients required surgical intervention for wound breakdown, including one patient who required a radial forearm flap for skin coverage. No patients required revision surgery or conversion to fusion. Patients who did not have complications gained statistically significant pain relief and improvement in mean overall flexion. In this small case series with short to medium results patients reported an improvement in terms of flexion and pain. Despite this, the question of efficacy of TWR compared to fusion in the long term remains unanswered due to the high rate of complications.

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THU0128 Do biological dmards prevent long term articular damage by rheumatoid arthritis in routine clinical care?

10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-eular.4754 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

S. Baghban ◽

L. Krens ◽

M. Henstra ◽

M. Vermeer ◽

K. van der Elst ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Clinical Care ◽

Biological Dmards ◽

Routine Clinical Care ◽

Articular Damage

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ETIOPATHOGENESIS AND MANAGEMENT OF WAJAAL-MAFASIL (RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS): AN EVIDENCE-BASED COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy ◽

10.7897/2277-4343.1206180 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 96-103

Author(s):

Ansari Umme Ammara Maqbool Ahmad ◽

Qamar Uddin ◽

Bhoraniya Abdullah Ismail ◽

Juveria Jabeen

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Indian Subcontinent ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

Review Article ◽

Alternative Source ◽

Unani Medicine ◽

Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽

Chronic Autoimmune Disease ◽

Inflammatory Polyarthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by symmetrical inflammatory polyarthritis involving small joints of the hand and feet. It has a global prevalence of 0.8 to 1% in Europe and the Indian subcontinent. Rheumatoid arthritis (Waja‘al-Maf?sil) had been broadly described and managed by the Unani scholars since antiquity. Many pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment methods are available in the classical Unani literature. The treatment differs for different varieties of morbid humour involved in disease pathogenesis. Treatment aims to reduce morbidity and prevent disability, subsequently improving the quality of life. This review article mainly highlights the management of rheumatoid arthritis mentioned in classical Unani literature and supportive scientific evidence of various preclinical and clinical studies suggesting the potential of Unani medicine. This review article aims to explore the concept of rheumatoid arthritis in the Unani system of medicine to provide a better understanding of disease and its management through the holistic policy of Unani medicine. This review may conclude that Unani treatment can form an alternative source to manage RA.

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Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Rheumatoid Arthritis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms222111592 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (21) ◽

pp. 11592

Author(s):

Madina Sarsenova ◽

Assel Issabekova ◽

Saule Abisheva ◽

Kristina Rutskaya-Moroshan ◽

Vyacheslav Ogay ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Bone Destruction ◽

Autoimmune Disorder ◽

Promising Tool ◽

Cell Based Therapy ◽

And Function ◽

Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽

Adaptive Immune Systems

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have great potential to differentiate into various types of cells, including but not limited to, adipocytes, chondrocytes and osteoblasts. In addition to their progenitor characteristics, MSCs hold unique immunomodulatory properties that provide new opportunities in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, and can serve as a promising tool in stem cell-based therapy. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disorder that deteriorates quality and function of the synovium membrane, resulting in chronic inflammation, pain and progressive cartilage and bone destruction. The mechanism of RA pathogenesis is associated with dysregulation of innate and adaptive immunity. Current conventional treatments by steroid drugs, antirheumatic drugs and biological agents are being applied in clinical practice. However, long-term use of these drugs causes side effects, and some RA patients may acquire resistance to these drugs. In this regard, recently investigated MSC-based therapy is considered as a promising approach in RA treatment. In this study, we review conventional and modern treatment approaches, such as MSC-based therapy through the understanding of the link between MSCs and the innate and adaptive immune systems. Moreover, we discuss recent achievements in preclinical and clinical studies as well as various strategies for the enhancement of MSC immunoregulatory properties.

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The rheumatoid arthritis articular damage score: first steps in developing a clinical index of long term damage in RA

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/ard.61.1.20 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 20-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

T R Zijlstra

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Damage Score ◽

Clinical Index ◽

Articular Damage

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Emerging role of interleukin-1 in cardiovascular diseases

Physiological Research ◽

10.33549/physiolres.931673 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 481-498

Author(s):

B Vicenová ◽

V Vopálenský ◽

L Burýšek ◽

M Pospíšek

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Cardiovascular Events ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Interleukin 1 ◽

Proinflammatory Mediators ◽

Inflammatory Processes ◽

Higher Eukaryotes

There is an increasing evidence linking dysbalance between various proinflammatory mediators and higher risk of cardiovascular events and pathologies. Likewise, some of the cardiovascular diseases lately appeared to have an autoimmune component. Interleukin-1 (IL-1), a master regulator of diverse inflammatory processes in higher eukaryotes and the key player in numerous autoimmune disorders including rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus or systemic sclerosis, has recently been proved to be involved in development of several cardiovascular diseases as well. This report aims to give a summary on current knowledge about the IL-1 signaling pathways and about the implication of IL-1 and the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) in some of the diseases of the cardiovascular system.

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