scholarly journals Morbidity Parameters Associated with Gastrointestinal Tract Nematodes in Sheep in Dabat District, Northwest Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zewdu Seyoum ◽  
Kalkidan Getnet ◽  
Mersha Chanie ◽  
Samuel Derso ◽  
Shumye Fentahun
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Infected Sheep ◽  
Smallholder Farms ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Faecal Egg Count ◽  
The Mean ◽  
On Farm

Gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infections of sheep and their interaction with selected morbidity parameters were studied in smallholder farms. 120 faecal samples were collected and examined using faecal flotation to determine nematode infection in sheep. Thus, the study demonstrated overall prevalence of 57.5% GIN infections, while the mean faecal egg count (FEC) was 517.5 EPG. The severity of GIN infection was determined based on EPG as a mild infection (EPG <500), 55.1%, moderate infection (EPG = 500–1500), 30.4%, and heavy infection (EPG >1500), 14.6%. Five genera of nematodes were identified using coproculture: Haemonchus (33.3%), Trichostrongylus (26.7%), Bunostomum (20%), Oesophagostomum (13.3%), and Cooperia (6.7%). A significant difference was observed in the mean FEC among the FC (P<0.001), FAMACHA© score (P<0.01), and the BCS of the animals (P<0.001). FEC was positively correlated with the FAMACHA© score (FS), while FC and BCS were negatively correlated. Thus, FAMACHA© chart can suggest well the severity of nematode infections and can serve as a suitable on-farm tool to identify nematode-infected sheep and gives a guide to identify sheep that need to be treated with an anthelmintic.

scholarly journals Cattle gastrointestinal nematode egg-spiked faecal samples: high recovery rates using the Mini-FLOTAC technique

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Amadesi ◽  
Antonio Bosco ◽  
Laura Rinaldi ◽  
Giuseppe Cringoli ◽  
Edwin Claerebout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Reading Levels ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Faecal Egg Count ◽  
Flotac Technique ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Abstract Background: Faecal egg count (FEC) techniques are commonly used to detect gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) in cattle and to determine anthelmintic efficacy/resistance through the faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT). Mini-FLOTAC is one of the techniques recommended for a standardised FEC/FECRT of helminth eggs in cattle. However, only one paper evaluated the recovery rate of GIN eggs by Mini-FLOTAC (compared to McMaster and modified-Wisconsin) in cattle, using only the level of contamination of 200 eggs per gram (EPG) of faeces and using GIN eggs collected from goat faeces to spike faecal samples from cattle. To further study the recovery rate of added GIN eggs from cattle, this study was conducted in two laboratories, one in Belgium and one in Italy to evaluate sensitivity, accuracy, precision and reproducibility of Mini-FLOTAC and McMaster (at two reading levels: grids and chambers) for the detection of GIN eggs in spiked bovine faecal samples. Methods: In both countries, spiked cattle faecal samples with five different levels of egg contamination (10, 50, 100, 200 and 500 EPG) of GINs were used. The study was performed in both laboratories by the same expert operator and using the same standard operating procedures (SOPs) for Mini-FLOTAC and McMaster. Sensitivity, accuracy and precision were calculated for each technique and for each level of contamination. Moreover, statistical analyses were performed to evaluate differences between performances of techniques used. Results: Mini-FLOTAC had a higher sensitivity (100% at all EPG levels for Mini-FLOTAC vs 0-66.6% for McMaster chambers and grids at levels <100 EPG), a higher accuracy (98.1% mean value for Mini-FLOTAC vs 83.2% for McMaster grids and 63.8% for McMaster chambers) and a lower coefficient of variation (10.0% for Mini-FLOTAC vs 47.5% for McMaster grids and 69.4% for McMaster chambers) than McMaster. There was no significant difference between the recovery of GIN eggs from the two studies performed in Belgium and in Italy. Conclusions: The high GIN eggs recovery rate detected by Mini-FLOTAC and the similar results obtained in Belgium and in Italy indicated that the diagnostic performance of a FEC technique was not regard to the laboratory environment.

scholarly journals Cattle gastrointestinal nematode egg-spiked faecal samples: high recovery rates using the Mini-FLOTAC technique

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Amadesi ◽  
Antonio Bosco ◽  
Laura Rinaldi ◽  
Giuseppe Cringoli ◽  
Edwin Claerebout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Reading Levels ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Faecal Egg Count ◽  
Flotac Technique ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Abstract Background: Faecal egg count (FEC) techniques are commonly used to detect gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) in cattle and to determine anthelmintic efficacy/resistance through the faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT). Mini-FLOTAC is one of the techniques recommended for a standardised FEC/FECRT of helminth eggs in cattle. However, only one paper evaluated the recovery rate of GIN eggs by Mini-FLOTAC (compared to McMaster and modified-Wisconsin) in cattle, using only the level of contamination of 200 eggs per gram (EPG) of faeces and using GIN eggs collected from goat faeces to spike faecal samples from cattle. To further study the recovery rate of added GIN eggs from cattle, this study was conducted in two laboratories in Belgium and Italy to evaluate sensitivity, accuracy, precision and reproducibility of Mini-FLOTAC and McMaster (at two reading levels: grids and chambers) for the detection of GIN eggs in spiked bovine faecal samples. Methods: In both countries, spiked cattle faecal samples with five different levels of egg contamination (10, 50, 100, 200 and 500 EPG) of GINs were used. The study was performed in both laboratories by the same expert operator and using the same standard operating procedures (SOPs) for Mini-FLOTAC and McMaster. Sensitivity, accuracy and precision were calculated for each technique and for each level of contamination. Moreover, statistical analyses were performed to evaluate differences between performances of techniques used. Results: Mini-FLOTAC had a higher sensitivity (100% at all EPG levels for Mini-FLOTAC vs 0-66.6% for McMaster chambers and grids at levels <100 EPG), a higher accuracy (98.1% mean value for Mini-FLOTAC vs 83.2% for McMaster grids and 63.8% for McMaster chambers) and a lower coefficient of variation (10.0% for Mini-FLOTAC vs 47.5% for McMaster grids and 69.4% for McMaster chambers) than McMaster. There was no significant difference between the recovery of GIN eggs from the two studies performed in Belgium and in Italy. Conclusions: The high GIN eggs recovery rate detected by Mini-FLOTAC and the similar results obtained in Belgium and in Italy indicated that the diagnostic performance of a FEC technique was not regard to the laboratory environment.

scholarly journals Cattle gastrointestinal nematode egg-spiked faecal samples: high recovery rates using the Mini-FLOTAC technique

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Amadesi ◽  
Antonio Bosco ◽  
Laura Rinaldi ◽  
Giuseppe Cringoli ◽  
Edwin Claerebout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Reading Levels ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Faecal Egg Count ◽  
Flotac Technique ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Abstract Background : Faecal egg count (FEC) techniques are commonly used to detect gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) in cattle and to determine anthelmintic efficacy/resistance through the faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT). Mini-FLOTAC is one of the techniques recommended for a standardised FEC/FECRT of helminth eggs in cattle. However, only one paper evaluated the recovery rate of GIN eggs by Mini-FLOTAC (compared to McMaster and modified-Wisconsin) in cattle, using only the level of contamination of 200 eggs per gram (EPG) of faeces and using GIN eggs collected from goat faeces to spike faecal samples from cattle. To further study the recovery rate of added GIN eggs from cattle, this study was conducted in two laboratories, one in Belgium and one in Italy to evaluate sensitivity, accuracy, precision and reproducibility of Mini-FLOTAC and McMaster (at two reading levels: grids and chambers) for the detection of GIN eggs in spiked bovine faecal samples. Methods: In both countries, spiked cattle faecal samples with five different levels of egg contamination (10, 50, 100, 200 and 500 EPG) of GINs were used. The study was performed in both laboratories by the same expert operator and using the same standard operating procedures (SOPs) for Mini-FLOTAC and McMaster. Sensitivity, accuracy and precision were calculated for each technique and for each level of contamination. Moreover, statistical analyses were performed to evaluate differences between performances of techniques used. Results : Mini-FLOTAC had a higher sensitivity (100% at all EPG levels for Mini-FLOTAC vs 0-66.6% for McMaster chambers and grids at levels <100 EPG), a higher accuracy (98.1% mean value for Mini-FLOTAC vs 83.2% for McMaster grids and 63.8% for McMaster chambers) and a lower coefficient of variation (10.0% for Mini-FLOTAC vs 47.5% for McMaster grids and 69.4% for McMaster chambers) than McMaster. There was no significant difference between the recovery of GIN eggs from the two studies performed in Belgium and in Italy. Conclusions : The high GIN eggs recovery rate detected by Mini-FLOTAC and the similar results obtained in Belgium and in Italy indicated that the diagnostic performance of a FEC technique was not regard to the laboratory environment.

scholarly journals The colonization resistance of the digestive tract in different animal species and in man; a comparative study

1990 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Van Der Waaij ◽  
B. D. Van Der Waaij
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Confidence Limits ◽  
Colonization Resistance ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Accurate Comparison ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sources Of Contamination

SUMMARYThe present study has attempted to determine the colonization resistance (CR) of the digestive tract by biotyping Enterobacteriaceae in four faecal samples per subject of five different animal species as well as man. The results indicate that the degree of bacterial contamination with Enterobacteriaceae from the environment may strongly influence the outcome. Both conventionally living chicken and man, showed a much wider range of the ‘confidence limits of the mean’ of the mean number of biotypes per faecal sample between individual subjects, than was found between subjects maintained under laboratory circumstances. Yet there appeared a statistically significant difference in CR between some of the animal species as a group. Man did not differ from monkeys, however, both differed from the rodents species studied. Monkeys differed also from dogs and the latter from rodents. It is concluded that the CR measured by determining the mean number of biotypes of Enterobacteriaceae can only be used for accurate comparison of the CR between subjects, if the ‘bacteriological environment’ is known; i.e. the sources of contamination.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Potato Genotypes for Plant and YieldCharactersin Field at Dailekh

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
Binod Prasad Luitel ◽  
Bishnu Bahadur Bhandari ◽  
Bihani Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Spring Season ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
The Mean ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Eye Depth

A field experiment was conducted at Horticulture Research Station (HRS), Dailekh, in Mid-Western hills of Nepal during 2019 and 2020, to evaluate the performance of ten potato genotypes for plant, and tuber yield characters. The potato genotypes were evaluated during spring season in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The genotypes showed highly significant difference for all the traits except tuber emergence. The mean squares for the year were also significant for all the traits except tuber emergence, stem numberplant -1 and total tuber yield. The interaction between genotypes and years did not show significant differences in all the traits except stem numberplant -1. Genotype CIP392797.22 produced more marketable yield (27.5 tha -1) and total tuber yield (30.2tha -1) than all other genotypes. The genotype CIP392797.22 is characterized as medium maturing, oval-shaped and dark red-skinned one with shallow eye depth in the tuber, and it imparted 13.2% higher marketable yield than Kufri Jyoti (24.3 tha -1). Thus, the genotype CIP392797.22 is recommended to evaluate on-farm for the verification and up-scaling among farmers at Mid-Western Nepal.

scholarly journals A comparison of erythrocyte sedimentation rates of bloods anticoagulated with trisodium citrate and EDTA among TB presumptive patients at the University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital, northwest Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zegeye Getaneh ◽  
Fekadu Ayelgn ◽  
Geletaw Asemahegn ◽  
Habtamu Geleta ◽  
Aregawi Yalew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate ◽  
Sedimentation Rate ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Trisodium Citrate ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Erythrocyte Sedimentation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The University

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was comparing the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) results of trisodium citrate (TSC) and ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) anticoagulants. A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of Gondar specialized referral hospital, northwest, Ethiopia. A total of 70 TB presumptive participants were recruited. From each of the 70 participants of the study, 3 and 1.6 ml of blood was collected in EDTA tubes and 0.4 ml of trisodium Citrate anticoagulant containing test tubes, respectively. Results: The mean ± SD values of ESR were 57.9 ± 41.45 mm/hr in EDTA and 50.99 ± 43.5 mm/hr in TSC anticoagulated blood. The mean difference of ESR values between EDTA and TSC blood (6.91 ± 13.66 mm/hr) was statistically significant. The Mean ± SD of ESR values using EDTA and TSC in males were 59.57 ± 42.31 and 53.57 ± 44.61 mm/hr while for females it was 54.71±40.44 and 46.04 ± 41.82 mm/hr, respectively. The study indicated that there was a significant difference between ESR values with EDTA and tri-sodium citrate anticoagulants. Keywords: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, EDTA, Tri-sodium citrate, Westergren Method, Comparison

Prevalence of Eimeria infection and risk factors associated with domestic chickens raised in Nsukka LGA, Enugu State, Southeast Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-301
Author(s):  
E.S. Okwuonu ◽  
C.M. Eneh ◽  
E.N. Elijah ◽  
F.N. Nnaji ◽  
F.A. Andong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Protozoan Infection ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Eimeria Infection

Eimeria infection has been considered the most important protozoan infection of the poultry industry in Nigeria because of its high incidence. A total of 400 faecal samples were collected from 10 farms in Nsukka LGA and analyzed using the Wisconsin’s faecal floatation technique. Data on the management practices of these farms were collected using a wellstructured questionnaire. Eimeria tenella was the only identified species. A total of 158 (39.5%) of the domestic chickens sampled were infected with the protozoan parasite. There was significant difference (p < 0.0001) of E. tenella between towns and between the studied farms. Of the 5 towns sampled, the prevalence was highest at Obukpa town 52 (65.0%) and in birds aged 7 weeks 20 (83.3%) and least at Edem 2 (2.5%) and in birds aged 32 weeks 2 (5.0%). The mean intensity of infection was highest at Obukpa (9.35 ± 9.24) and in birds aged 4weeks (11.50 ± 11.09) and least in Edem town and in birds aged 32 weeks. The difference in prevalence between birds of different ages was significant (p <0.0001). Majority of the farms practiced deep litter housing compared to battery cage users (90% vs. 10%). The most used vaccine was combination 7 (70%). Fifty percent of the farms employed the expertise of veterinary doctors in vaccine administration. Eimeria infection, the main cause of coccidiosis in chicken, has continued to be a major challenge in poultry production and management. Conclusively, the prevalence of Eimeria infection is moderately low as a result of the widespread use of vaccines and anticoccidials.

Assessment of Anthelmintic Resistance of Fasciola spp. against Flunil-L ® and Fasinash®

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Sonam Dolma ◽  
Jigme Tenzin ◽  
Jambay Dorjee
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Level ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Faecal Egg Count ◽  
The Status ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Fasciola Spp

Fasciolosis caused by Fasciola spp. is recognized to be one of the major problems affecting health and productivity of cattle in Bhutan. Various anthelmintic drugs are used to treat and control fascioliasis in the country among which, triclabendazole and oxyclozanide are the most common ones. These drugs have been used for a very long time in the country and possibility of development of resistance to these drugs is high. Also, limited studies had been carried out to test their efficacies in the country. Therefore, this study was done to determine the prevalence of fasciolosis in cattle in Maedwang gewog under Thimphu Dzongkhag and assess the status of resistance of Fasciola spp. to Fasinash® and Flunil-L® drugs. A total of 218 faecal samples were collected from cattle and subjected to parasitological test using standard sedimentation technique. The animals positive to Fasciola were treated with Fasinash® (triclabendazole bolus) and Flunil-L® (oxyclozanide+levamisole suspension). The faecal eggs were analyzed 14 days after the treatment by Faecal Egg Count Reduction Test and the efficacy was calculated. The overall prevalence of fasciolosis in the study was 32.11% with a prevalence of 28.80% in Namseling and 36.56% in Khasadrapchu. The mean faecal egg count (epg) of Fasciola spp. detected in Namseling was 0.65 ± 1.53 SD and in Khasadrapchu was 1.03 ± 2.07 SD. There was no significant difference in the mean faecal egg counts in the two chiwogs (p > .05 at 95% confidence level). The overall efficacy of Fasinash® was 86.96% and for Flunil-L ® was 91.38%. Significant difference was observed between pre-treatment and post-treatment in both the treatment groups (p < .05 at 95% confidence level). However, the study implies development of resistance of Fasciola spp. to triclabendazole in the study area.

scholarly journals A study to evaluate the field efficacy of ivermectin, fenbendazole and pyrantel pamoate, with preliminary observations on the efficacy of doramectin, as anthelmintics in horses

2000 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Davies ◽  
L.M.J. Schwalbach
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Treatment Efficacy ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Pyrantel Pamoate ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Faecal Egg Count ◽  
Field Efficacy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Faecal Egg Counts ◽  
Pre Treatment

The efficacy of ivermectin, fenbendazole, pyrantel pamoate and doramectin was evaluated under field conditions at 2 sites in the Free State Province of South Africa. The study involved 25 horses at each site, divided into 5 groups of equal size. Ivermectin, fenbendazole and pyrantel pamoate were administered orally at doses of 0.2, 10 and 19 mg/kg respectively. Doramectin was administered by intramuscular injection at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg. Treatment efficacy was based on the mean faecal egg count reduction 14 days post treatment. At site A a faecal egg count reduction of 100 % was found after treatment with ivermectin, fenbendazole and doramectin. A 96.1 % reduction was found after treatment with pyrantel pamoate. At site B ivermectin and doramectin produced a 100 %reduction in faecal egg counts, fenbendazole produced an 80.8 % reduction and pyrantel pamoate a 94.1 %reduction. Doramectin produced a 100 %reduction in faecal egg counts at both sites, despite not being registered for use in horses. In addition, the results indicated reduced efficacy of fenbendazole at site B, which suggested benzimidazole resistance. Larval cultures showed that cyathostomes accounted for between 86 and 96 %of pre-treatment parasite burdens at both sites. Other helminths identified in the faecal samples were Strongylus spp. and Trichostrongylus axei.

scholarly journals Comparison of erythrocyte sedimentation rate between blood anticoagulated with sodium citrate and EDTA among Tuberculosis suspected patients at University of Gondar Hospital, North West Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zegeye Getaneh ◽  
Fekadu Ayelgn ◽  
Geletaw Asemahegn ◽  
Habtamu Geleta ◽  
Aregawi Yalew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate ◽  
Sedimentation Rate ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
North West ◽  
Erythrocyte Sedimentation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was comparison of erythrocyte sedimentation rate results of sodium citrate and ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid anticoagulant. A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at University of Gondar Referral Hospital, Northwest, Ethiopia. A total of 70 TB suspected study participants were recruited. From each study participants, 3ml blood was collected in to EDTA tube and 1.6ml blood was collected in to a test tube containing 0.4ml Sodium Citrate anticoagulant. Results: The mean ± SD values for ESR were 57.9 ± 41.45 in EDTA and 50.99 ± 43.5 in citrate anticoagulated blood. The mean difference of ESR values between EDTA and citrated blood was 6.91 ± 13.66 mm/hr with a significant difference. The mean ± SD of ESR for EDTA and citrate blood was 59.57 ± 42.31 and 54.71 ± 40.44 mm/hr for males and 53.57 ± 44.61 and 46.04 ± 41.82 mm/hr for females, respectively. This study indicated that there was a significant difference between ESR values with EDTA and tri-sodium citrate anticoagulants.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document