Assessment of Anthelmintic Resistance of Fasciola spp. against Flunil-L ® and Fasinash®

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Sonam Dolma ◽  
Jigme Tenzin ◽  
Jambay Dorjee
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Level ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Faecal Egg Count ◽  
The Status ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Fasciola Spp

Fasciolosis caused by Fasciola spp. is recognized to be one of the major problems affecting health and productivity of cattle in Bhutan. Various anthelmintic drugs are used to treat and control fascioliasis in the country among which, triclabendazole and oxyclozanide are the most common ones. These drugs have been used for a very long time in the country and possibility of development of resistance to these drugs is high. Also, limited studies had been carried out to test their efficacies in the country. Therefore, this study was done to determine the prevalence of fasciolosis in cattle in Maedwang gewog under Thimphu Dzongkhag and assess the status of resistance of Fasciola spp. to Fasinash® and Flunil-L® drugs. A total of 218 faecal samples were collected from cattle and subjected to parasitological test using standard sedimentation technique. The animals positive to Fasciola were treated with Fasinash® (triclabendazole bolus) and Flunil-L® (oxyclozanide+levamisole suspension). The faecal eggs were analyzed 14 days after the treatment by Faecal Egg Count Reduction Test and the efficacy was calculated. The overall prevalence of fasciolosis in the study was 32.11% with a prevalence of 28.80% in Namseling and 36.56% in Khasadrapchu. The mean faecal egg count (epg) of Fasciola spp. detected in Namseling was 0.65 ± 1.53 SD and in Khasadrapchu was 1.03 ± 2.07 SD. There was no significant difference in the mean faecal egg counts in the two chiwogs (p > .05 at 95% confidence level). The overall efficacy of Fasinash® was 86.96% and for Flunil-L ® was 91.38%. Significant difference was observed between pre-treatment and post-treatment in both the treatment groups (p < .05 at 95% confidence level). However, the study implies development of resistance of Fasciola spp. to triclabendazole in the study area.

scholarly journals Analysis of the reliability of patient COVID-19 screening data compared against their actual test data

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 003685042110429
Author(s):  
Abdulaziz M Albargi ◽  
Ali A Assiry ◽  
Hammam A Bahammam ◽  
Mohand Y Alassiri ◽  
Anand Marya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Dental Clinic ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Status ◽  
Feasible Option ◽  
Pre Treatment

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the truthfulness of patients about their pre-appointment COVID-19 screening tests at a dental clinic. Methods: A total of 613 patients were recruited for the study from the dental clinic at the Faculty of Dentistry, Najran University, Saudi Arabia. The data collection was done in three parts from the patients who visited the hospital to receive dental treatment. The first part included the socio-demographic characteristics of the patients and the COVID-19 swab tests performed within the past 14 days. The second part was the clinical examination, and the third part was a confirmation of the swab test taken by the patient by checking the Hesen website using the patient ID. After data collection, statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS 26.0. Descriptive analysis was done and expressed as mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentage (%). A cross-tabulation, also described as a contingency table, was used to identify trends and patterns across data and explain the correlation between different variables. Results: It was seen from the status of the swab test within 14 days of the patient's arrival at the hospital for the dental treatment that 18 (2.9%) patients lied about the pre-treatment swab test within 14 days, and 595 (97.1%) were truthful. The observed and expected counts showed across genders and diagnosis a statistically significant difference ( p < 0.001), and there was no significant difference seen across different age groups ( p = 0.064) of the patients. Conclusions: Dental healthcare workers are worried and assume a high risk of COVID-19 infection as the patients are not truthful about the pre-treatment COVID-19 swab test. Routine rapid tests on patients and the healthcare staff are a feasible option for lowering overall risks.

Comparing the Lifestyle of Veteran and Non-Veteran Families

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Alireza Afshani ◽  
Seyed Mojtaba Hosseini-motlagh ◽  
Hamide Shiri-Mohammadabad
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Status ◽  
Lifestyle Questionnaire ◽  
Mashhad City ◽  
The Mean

Background: Considering the role of lifestyle in promoting, maintaining, continuity health and the importance of paying attention to the veterans and their families who have suffered a lot in order to sacrifice for the homeland, the present study intends to compare the lifestyle among veterans and non-veterans in Mashhad city. Methods: This study was conducted using a survey method. The statistical population included the veteran and non-veteran families of Mashhad. A total of 360 questionnaires were filled out in this city. The research instruments were Lifestyle Questionnaire (LSQ) and All Aspects of Health Literacy Scale. The data were analyzed by SPSS v.24. Results: There is not a significant difference between the mean scores of lifestyle in the two groups of veteran and non-veteran in Mashhad (p > 0.05). The comparison of mean lifestyle scores also showed that there was no significant difference between the lifestyle scores of men and women in the non-veteran group and the mean scores of the single and married lifestyle in the veteran and non-veteran group (p > 0.05). There is a significant relationship between education level and health literacy of veteran and non-veteran families with their lifestyle, age, and employment status. They are also related to the lifestyle of their life because of the status they provide for the sacrifices. Conclusion: Comparison of the two groups in terms of lifestyle indicates that the veterans are in a less favorable position than non-veterans in terms of some aspects of lifestyle such as physical health, exercise and health, disease prevention and mental health.

scholarly journals Study on nutrient supply in relation to feeding system of buffalo in Chitwan, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-141
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar Shah ◽  
Yusuke Tabata ◽  
Hajime Kumagai ◽  
Yoshiaki Hayashi
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Feed Resources ◽  
Crop Land ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Mean

Livestock farming in Nepal, especially buffalo farming alone contributes a major share in livelihoods of farmers. Stall feeding of buffalo is common in Chitwan with occasional grazing. This raises questions about status of nutrients supplied to maintain productivity as feed resources varied in forest and crop land according to the season. A study was carried out in Chitwan from April 2015 to March 2016 to find out the status of nutrient supply in relation to the feeding system of buffalo. Total fifteen farms were selected from three villages, the amount of feedstuff fed to the animals was measured every month and the nutrient contents of the feed were analyzed. The mean concentrations of DM, CP, TDN, Ca and P were 641g/kg, 75.0 g/kg, 462 g/kg, 4.9 g/kg and 4.2 g/kg. A significant difference of CP contents among the villages was observed (72.0 g/kg, 70.7 g/kg and 81.2 g/kg (P<0.01), and the highest content of CP, TDN, Ca and P were found in July (P<0.05)). The study showed variation in nutrient supplied, irrespective of the status and condition of buffalo in the farms which need to be considered to maintain productivity of the animals.

OCT-Angiography as a reliable prognostic tool in laser-treated proliferative diabetic retinopathy: The RENOCTA Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 112067212096345
Author(s):  
Marco Lupidi ◽  
Ramkailash Gujar ◽  
Alessio Cerquaglia ◽  
Jay Chhablani ◽  
Daniela Fruttini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Vascular Perfusion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Induced Changes

Purpose: To quantitatively assess retinal neovascularizations (RNVs) in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) before and after photocoagulative laser treatment (PLT) using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCT-A). Methods: Consecutive patients with PDR were examined with fluorescein angiography (FA) and OCT-A before and after PLT. Baseline and after-treatment FA images were quantitatively analyzed to assess both the RNVs area and leakage area. On OCT-A RNVs area, vascular perfusion density (VPD), vessel length density (VLD) and fractal dimension were computed. VPD of the full-retina OCT-A underneath the RNV was determined to evaluate potential laser-induced changes in vascular perfusion. Results: Fifteen eyes of 13 patients with PDR were enrolled. The mean area of the RNVs was 0.47 ± 0.50 mm2 in the baseline OCT-A and 0.32 ± 0.40 mm2 in the post-treatment assessment ( p = 0.0002). The mean RNV VPD of RNV was 2% ± 4% in pre-treatment and 1% ± 1% for the post-treatment ( p = 0.0001). The mean VLD of RNV was 7.26 ± 1.53 at baseline and 6.64 ± 1.65 in the post treatment ( p = 0.0002). A significant difference in terms of mean RNVs area and VPD reduction between eyes that needed additional treatment and those that did not (~40% vs ~20%; p < 0.05), was observed. Mean VPD of full-retinal thickness OCT-angiogram was 55% ± 10% for the pre-treatment and 53% ± 8% for the post treatment scan ( p = 0.02). Conclusion: The quantitative OCT-A assessment of laser-induced changes of RNVs can be a useful non-invasive approach for determining treatment efficacy. A reduction of RNVs area or VPD ⩾ 40% might reveal those eyes that won’t require additional treatment. Retinal perfusion impairment seemed to progress independently from the treatment.

Urinary Steroids in Depressive Illness

1971 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 224-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Balfour Sclare ◽  
J. K. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Depressive Patients ◽  
Source Of Information

A longitudinal study of urinary 17-OHCS in 16 depressive patients showed mean values within the accepted normal range. There were no significant differences between pre-treatment and post-treatment values; only the female patients showed a tendency to have somewhat lower post-treatment levels. 17-KS output was measured in 18 depressive patients. The mean values were within the normal range. There was no significant difference between pre-treatment and post-treatment values although the female patients displayed a tendency towards somewhat lower levels following treatment. DHA and EA excretion were measured in 9 depressive patients. There was a very wide variance in the findings. There was no significant difference between pre-treatment and post-treatment levels. The significance of the above findings is discussed. It is considered that measurements of urinary excretion of corticosteroids in affective disorders constitute a limited source of information.

scholarly journals The Assessment of Androgenic Response of Two Nematode Resistant Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Genotypes

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 2103
Author(s):  
Flavien Shimira ◽  
Davut Keleş ◽  
Hatıra Taşkın ◽  
Kazım Abak
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Anther Culture ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Culinary Traditions

Pepper is one of the most cultivated vegetables worldwide and also consumed substantially as a flavouring ingredient in different culinary traditions. Therefore, many researchers have focused on its breeding to develop new varieties. One of plant breeding aims is to attain disease and pest resistance. The use of tissue culture methods in plant breeding has many advantages. The response of two nematode resistant pepper genotypes to the anther culture and the effect of cold pre-treatment to the floral buds have been investigated in this study. Alata 2095 and Alata 2096 both specified as resistant to the nematode by Alata Horticultural Research Institute (Alata, Mersin, Turkey) were used as plant material. Two pre-treatments were used in this study: cold and no cold. In cold treatment, flower buds were kept in fridge at 4°C for 24 hours prior to the anther culture. Murashige and Skoog medium contained 0.25% activated charcoal, 6.5 g L-1 agar, 0.5 mg L-1 6-benzyl-amino-purine (BAP), 4 mg L-1 naphthalene-acetic-acid (NAA), 15 mg L-1 silver nitrate (AgNO3), and 30 g L-1 sucrose was used. After assessment, the highest mean of plant number was 39.08 per 100 anthers for Alata 2095 genotype. It was 46.61 and 31.56 in cold and no cold treatment, respectively. For Alata 2096 genotype, the mean was 1.96 per 100 anthers (1.68 and 2.25 in cold and no cold treatment, respectively). Statistical analyses confirmed that there was significant difference between treatments, genotypes and also significant interaction between those factors. At the end of the study, we can say that Alata 2095 genotype has a good androgenic response and it can be beneficial in further pepper breeding studies.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Effect of Retinal Defocus (Blur) on Lateral Heterophoria

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
George Nnamdi Atuanya ◽  
Osayimwen Osas Ero ◽  
Raphael Uchenna Enyinnaya Akpalaba
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Confidence Level ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Standard Testing ◽  
Defocus Blur ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ocular Health

Purpose: This study was conducted to ascertain the effect of retinal defocusing or retinal blur on lateral heterophoria at far and near.Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study involving 57 participants aged 5 to 35 years, who were selected based on the inclusion criteria of being myopes and emmetropes who had a normal general and ocular health. The Von Graefe technique was used for measuring phoria under standard testing conditions.Results: The mean baseline lateral phoria for emmetropes were 0.53 ± 1.14∆ exophoria and 2.47 ± 2.08∆ exophoria at far and near respectively, while after defocusing, it was 2.80 ± 0.88∆ exophoria and 4.34 ± 1.70∆ exophoria at far and near respectively. For myopes, the baseline lateral phoria was 1.52 ± 1.09∆ exophoria and 4.76 ± 1.13∆ exophoria at far and near respectively while after defocussing, it was 3.39 ± 0.92∆ exophoria at far and 7.60 ± 1.00∆ exophoria at near. The mean difference in lateral phoria was found to be significant at the 95% confidence level (P = 0.000). There was no statistically significant difference in lateral phoria change at far (P = 0.072), while the near phoria difference was significant (P = 0.002).Conclusion: Gas Retinal defocusing with +2.50D resulted in a shift towards exophoria at both far and near, with myopes experiencing more exophoric shift. This is because they are less sensitive to the presence of blur. This will enable practitioners to be cautious of the inhibition of accommodation due to higher exophoria at near when prescribing lenses. Keywords: Retinal Defocus, Myopia, Emmetropia, Near lateral phoria, Distance lateral phoria.

The effect of thyroxine on the mean and variance of wool production of Merino sheep on natural pasture

1965 ◽  
Vol 5 (19) ◽  
pp. 376
Author(s):  
CHS Dolling ◽  
LR Piper ◽  
MT Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Period ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Natural Pasture ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mean And Variance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Thyroid Secretion

Administration of sodium-1-thyroxine to 14-15 months old medium Peppin Merino wethers resulted in a significant increase in both greasy and clean wool production (P<0.05 in each case) when the wethers were grazing on natural pasture in south-western Queensland. This was demonstrated in an analysis of wool production during a total period of 24 months. Within this period, the wethers treated with thyroxine produced seven per cent more greasy wool per head than did the untreated control sheep (P<0.01) and seven per cent more clean wool (P<0.05) during the 15 weeks following implantation. During the subsequent 17 weeks the treated wethers produced three per cent more greasy wool than the controls (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in clean wool production. There were no significant differences in either greasy or clean wool production in either of the last two periods of the 24-month experiment. There were no significant differences in wool production among the three groups of wethers whose dose rates at a single implantation were 30 mg, 60 mg, and 90 mg respectively. Administration of thyroxine resulted in a significant increase in the variance of greasy wool production during the 15 weeks following implantation (P<0.05) hut had no effect on the variance of clean wool production. The rate of gain in body weight displayed by all groups that received thyroxine was retarded, but groups had returned to their pre-treatment body weight ranking five months after implantation. Mortality was one per cent per annum among implanted animals over the two years following implantation. It is suggested that the response to thyroxine administered in mid-summer may have resulted partly from making good a seasonal deficiency in thyroid secretion. The tactical use of thyroxine to increase wool production per head in a region of considerable within-year or between-year variation of rainfall characterized by unpredictable flushes of pasture growth is discussed. The limited influence of thyroxine on the variance of wool production does not encourage its use as an aid to selection for clean wool production per head.

scholarly journals Monitoring of anthelmintic resistance in small strongyles in the Czech Republic in the years 2006–2009

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-248
Author(s):  
Štěpán Bodeček ◽  
Eva Vavrouchová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Parascaris Equorum ◽  
Reduction Test ◽  
Anoplocephala Perfoliata ◽  
Faecal Egg Count ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Strongyloides Westeri

The aim of the field study performed in 2006 was to investigate the occurrence and distribution of intestinal helminths in horses based on pre-treatment faecal egg counts. In total, 948 horses bred on 37 farms were tested. Thirty six (97.2%) farms tested were positive for cyathostomins; horses in 9 (24.3%), 6 (16.2%) and 1 (2.7%) different herds tested were positive for Parascaris equorum, Anoplocephala perfoliata and Strongyloides westeri, respectively. In 21 herds, 344 horses with values exceeding 100 eggs per gram were included in the trial for the presence of drug resistant cyathostomins by a faecal egg count reduction test. Horses were treated orally with recommended doses of fenbendazole and ivermectin. Resistance to fenbendazole was detected on 20 farms (95.24%) with values of faecal egg count reduction test ranging from 0 to 90%. Ivermectin remained effective in all tested herds with the value of faecal egg count reduction test 96–100%. In autumn 2008, 178 horses on 10 farms were examined. Of these, only seven horses tested were negative for cyathostomins. One farm was tested positively for Anoplocephala perfoliata, and one for Parascaris equorum. In spring 2009, six farms were examined, four of which were the same farms as in 2006. We found a decreased number of eggs per gram in all horses, but an increase in benzimidazole resistance, which was found in 5 farms out of 6 (faecal egg count reduction test 15.2–84.6%). This is the first wide survey in horses from the Czech Republic. Based on this study, we can conclude that benzimidazole resistant cyathostomins in horses are widespread but ivermectin is still fully effective.

scholarly journals A study to evaluate the field efficacy of ivermectin, fenbendazole and pyrantel pamoate, with preliminary observations on the efficacy of doramectin, as anthelmintics in horses

2000 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Davies ◽  
L.M.J. Schwalbach
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Treatment Efficacy ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Pyrantel Pamoate ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Faecal Egg Count ◽  
Field Efficacy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Faecal Egg Counts ◽  
Pre Treatment

The efficacy of ivermectin, fenbendazole, pyrantel pamoate and doramectin was evaluated under field conditions at 2 sites in the Free State Province of South Africa. The study involved 25 horses at each site, divided into 5 groups of equal size. Ivermectin, fenbendazole and pyrantel pamoate were administered orally at doses of 0.2, 10 and 19 mg/kg respectively. Doramectin was administered by intramuscular injection at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg. Treatment efficacy was based on the mean faecal egg count reduction 14 days post treatment. At site A a faecal egg count reduction of 100 % was found after treatment with ivermectin, fenbendazole and doramectin. A 96.1 % reduction was found after treatment with pyrantel pamoate. At site B ivermectin and doramectin produced a 100 %reduction in faecal egg counts, fenbendazole produced an 80.8 % reduction and pyrantel pamoate a 94.1 %reduction. Doramectin produced a 100 %reduction in faecal egg counts at both sites, despite not being registered for use in horses. In addition, the results indicated reduced efficacy of fenbendazole at site B, which suggested benzimidazole resistance. Larval cultures showed that cyathostomes accounted for between 86 and 96 %of pre-treatment parasite burdens at both sites. Other helminths identified in the faecal samples were Strongylus spp. and Trichostrongylus axei.

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