scholarly journals Digital Models as an Alternative to Plaster Casts in Assessment of Orthodontic Treatment Outcomes

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung-Yan Vanessa Leung ◽  
Yanqi Yang ◽  
Chongshan Liao ◽  
Urban Hägg ◽  
Ricky Wing Kit Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Peer Assessment ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Plaster Cast ◽  
Digital Models ◽  
Individual Patient Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Plaster Model ◽  
Plaster Casts

Objective. This study aimed to compare the use of digital models and plaster casts in assessing the improvement in occlusion following orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods. Digital models and plaster casts of 39 consecutive patients at pre- and posttreatment stages were obtained and assessed using the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index and the Index of Complexity and Treatment Need (ICON). PAR and ICON scores were compared at individual and group levels. Categorization of improvement level was compared using Kappa (κ) statistics. Results. There was no significant difference in neither PAR scores (p > 0.05) nor ICON scores (p > 0.05) between digital and plaster cast assessments. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) values for changes in PAR and ICON scores were excellent (ICC > 0.80). Agreement of ratings of occlusal improvement level between digital and plaster model assessments was 0.83 (κ) for PAR and 0.59 (κ) for ICON, respectively. Conclusion. The study supported the use of digital models as an alternative to plaster casts when assessing changes in occlusion at the ‘individual patient’ level using ICON or PAR. However, it could not fully support digital models as an alternate to plaster casts at ‘the group level’ (as in the case of clinical audit/research).

scholarly journals Comparison of short-wavelength blue-light autofluorescence and conventional blue-light autofluorescence in geographic atrophy

2018 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 610-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Borrelli ◽  
Muneeswar Gupta Nittala ◽  
Nizar Saleh Abdelfattah ◽  
Jianqin Lei ◽  
Amir H Hariri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Fundus Autofluorescence ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Geographic Atrophy ◽  
Area Measurement ◽  
Excitation Wavelength ◽  
Lesion Area ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Individual

Background/aimsTo systematically compare the intermodality and inter-reader agreement for two blue-light confocal fundus autofluorescence (FAF) systems.MethodsThirty eyes (21 patients) with a diagnosis of geographic atrophy (GA) were enrolled. Eyes were imaged using two confocal blue-light FAF devices: (1) Spectralis device with a 488 nm excitation wavelength (488-FAF); (2) EIDON device with 450 nm excitation wavelength and the capability for ‘colour’ FAF imaging including both the individual red and green components of the emission spectrum. Furthermore, a third imaging modality (450-RF image) isolating and highlighting the red emission fluorescence component (REFC) was obtained and graded. Each image was graded by two readers to assess inter-reader variability and a single image for each modality was used to assess the intermodality variability.ResultsThe 95% coefficient of repeatability (1.35 mm2 for the 488-FAF-based grading, 8.13 mm2 for the 450-FAF-based grading and 1.08 mm2 for the 450-RF-based grading), the coefficient of variation (1.11 for 488-FAF, 2.05 for 450-FAF, 0.92 for 450-RF) and the intraclass correlation coefficient (0.994 for 488-FAF, 0.711 for 450-FAF, 0.997 for 450-RF) indicated that 450-FAF-based and 450-RF-based grading have the lowest and highest inter-reader agreements, respectively. The GA area was larger for 488-FAF images (median (IQR) 2.1 mm2 (0.8–6.4 mm2)) than for 450-FAF images (median (IQR) 1.0 mm2 (0.3–4.3 mm2); p<0.0001). There was no significant difference in lesion area measurement between 488-FAF-based and 450-RF-based grading (median (IQR) 2.6 mm2 (0.8–6.8 mm2); p=1.0).ConclusionThe isolation of the REFC from the 450-FAF images allowed for a reproducible quantification of GA. This assessment had good comparability with that obtained with 488-FAF images.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Usefulness of CO-RADS for Chest CT in Patients Suspected of Having COVID-19

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoyuki Fujioka ◽  
Marie Takahashi ◽  
Mio Mori ◽  
Junichi Tsuchiya ◽  
Emi Yamaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interobserver Agreement ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Radiological Society ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

The purpose of this study was to use the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Reporting and Data System (CO-RADS) to evaluate the chest computed tomography (CT) images of patients suspected of having COVID-19, and to investigate its diagnostic performance and interobserver agreement. The Dutch Radiological Society developed CO-RADS as a diagnostic indicator for assessing suspicion of lung involvement of COVID-19 on a scale of 1 (very low) to 5 (very high). We investigated retrospectively 154 adult patients with clinically suspected COVID-19, between April and June 2020, who underwent chest CT and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The patients’ average age was 61.3 years (range, 21–93), 101 were male, and 76 were RT-PCR positive. Using CO-RADS, four radiologists evaluated the chest CT images. Sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were calculated. Interobserver agreement was calculated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) by comparing the individual reader’s score to the median of the remaining three radiologists. The average sensitivity was 87.8% (range, 80.2–93.4%), specificity was 66.4% (range, 51.3–84.5%), and AUC was 0.859 (range, 0.847–0.881); there was no significant difference between the readers (p > 0.200). In 325 (52.8%) of 616 observations, there was absolute agreement among observers. The average ICC of readers was 0.840 (range, 0.800–0.874; p < 0.001). CO-RADS is a categorical taxonomic evaluation scheme for COVID-19 pneumonia, using chest CT images, that provides outstanding performance and from substantial to almost perfect interobserver agreement for predicting COVID-19.

scholarly journals Anterior tooth alignment: A comparison of orthodontic retention regimens 5 years posttreatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ragnar Bjering ◽  
Kari Birkeland ◽  
Vaska Vandevska-Radunovic
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Peer Assessment ◽  
Anterior Tooth ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
Par Index ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Posttreatment Period ◽  
Component Scores ◽  
Time Point

ABSTRACT Objective:  To assess orthodontic treatment outcome at debonding and at 3 and 5 years after orthodontic treatment and to investigate the influence of different retention protocols on anterior tooth alignment. Materials and Methods:  Using the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) Index, 169 patients (74 boys, 95 girls) were analyzed at four stages: pretreatment (T0), posttreatment (T1), 3 years posttreatment (T3), and 5 years posttreatment (T5). The PAR anterior component scores (ACSs) were compared between groups with different retention protocols. In the maxilla, protocols were removable retainer until T3 (MAX1), removable and fixed retainer until T3 (MAX2), and removable retainer until T3 and fixed retainer until T5 (MAX3). In the mandible, protocols were no retainer (MAND1), fixed 3-3 retainer until T3 (MAND2), and fixed 3-3 retainer until T5 (MAND3). Results:  Mean weighted improvement in PAR score was 88.3% at T1, 86.4% at T3, and 82.1% at T5. The ACS for the maxilla showed no significant differences between the retention protocols at any time point. In the mandible, the group without retention showed a gradual but not significant deterioration in ACS throughout the posttreatment period. At T5 there was a significant difference in ACS between the group that had the retainer removed at T3 and the group that kept the retainer. Conclusion:  The 5-year treatment outcome, as measured by the PAR Index, was good. Stability of the maxillary anterior alignment 5 years posttreatment did not appear to be influenced by choice of retention protocol. Mandibular anterior alignment was significantly better for the group using a fixed retainer compared with the group where the retainer was removed 3 years posttreatment.

scholarly journals Model Analysis of Digital Models in Moderate to Severe Crowding: In Vivo Validation and Clinical Application

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Hee Yoon ◽  
Hyung-Seog Yu ◽  
Yoonjeong Choi ◽  
Tae-Hyun Choi ◽  
Sung-Hwan Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Application ◽  
Digital Model ◽  
Digital Models ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cast Model ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Plaster Model ◽  
Model C

Objective. We investigated the suitability of intraoral-scan models for measuring tooth dimensions and the amount of crowding in patients with severe tooth crowding. Materials and Methods. Fifty-eight patients who had undergone intraoral scans for diagnosis were included. Cast models were divided into two groups depending on the amount of crowding, as determined by initial caliper-based measurements (mild crowding [MC] group: <3.0 mm; severe crowding [SC] group: >4.5 mm). Twenty maxillary models and 20 mandibular models were used in this study. For the three types of models (i.e., IS digital model, C cast model, and CS digital model), the reproducibility and the precision of linear measurements were evaluated. Results. We found that linear measurements made using digital calipers on a plaster model and on the relevant software were reproducible. There was no significant difference in most linear measurements between digital models and the C model. There were differences in the amount of crowding (p<.05), although these were not clinically significant. There was no relationship between the precision of crowding in the three types of models and the severity of crowding. Conclusions. Digital models can be used for measuring crowding in both mild and severe crowding cases. However, crowding measured by digital models tends to be lesser than that measured by cast models, and this should be considered during clinical application.

scholarly journals Validation of a Classroom Version of the Eating in the Absence of Hunger Paradigm in Preschoolers

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily E. Hohman ◽  
Katherine M. McNitt ◽  
Sally G. Eagleton ◽  
Lori A. Francis ◽  
Kathleen L. Keller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Classroom Setting ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Individual

Eating in the absence of hunger (EAH), a measure of children's propensity to eat beyond satiety in the presence of highly palatable food, has been associated with childhood obesity and later binge eating behavior. The EAH task is typically conducted in a research laboratory setting, which is resource intensive and lacks ecological validity. Assessing EAH in a group classroom setting is feasible and may be a more efficient alternative, but the validity of the classroom assessment against the traditional individually-administered paradigm has not been tested. The objective of this study was to compare EAH measured in a classroom setting to the one-on-one version of the paradigm in a sample of Head Start preschoolers. Children (n = 35) from three classrooms completed both classroom and individual EAH tasks in a random, counterbalanced order. In the group condition, children sat with peers at their classroom lunch tables; in the individual condition, children met individually with a researcher in a separate area near their classroom. In both conditions, following a meal, children were provided free access to generous portions of six snack foods (~750 kcal) and a selection of toys for 7 min. Snacks were pre- and post-weighed to calculate intake. Parents completed a survey of their child's eating behaviors, and child height and weight were measured. Paired t-tests and intraclass correlation coefficients were used to compare energy intake between conditions, and correlations between EAH intake and child BMI, eating behaviors, and parent feeding practices were examined to evaluate concurrent validity. Average intake was 63.0 ± 50.4 kcal in the classroom setting and 53.7 ± 44.6 in the individual setting, with no significant difference between settings. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.57, indicating moderate agreement between conditions. Overall, the EAH protocol appears to perform similarly in classroom and individual settings, suggesting the classroom protocol is a valid alternative. Future studies should further examine the role of age, sex, and weight status on eating behavior measurement paradigms.

scholarly journals A comparison of patient experience, chair-side time, accuracy of dental arch measurements and costs of acquisition of dental models

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 868-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olja Glisic ◽  
Louise Hoejbjerre ◽  
Liselotte Sonnesen
Keyword(s):  
Patient Experience ◽  
Cost Calculation ◽  
Dental Arch ◽  
Young Adolescents ◽  
Digital Models ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dental Models ◽  
Children And Young Adolescents ◽  
Time Accuracy ◽  
Plaster Casts

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare patient experience, chairside time, dental arch distances, and costs of dental models derived from intraoral scans and alginate impressions in pre-orthodontic children and young adolescents. Materials and Methods: Fifty-nine children and young adolescents (9–15 years, mean: 12.70 years) had an intraoral scan and an alginate impression prior to orthodontic treatment. During the procedures, chairside time was registered in minutes and patient experience was assessed by a Visual Analogue Scale questionnaire. Four maxillary dental arch distances were measured on digital models, on plaster casts, and directly in the mouth (intraoral). The cost of each procedure was presented graphically. Differences between the two procedures were tested by paired t-test and general linear model. Results: Patient experience was statistically better during intraoral scan compared with alginate impression regarding comfort, gag reflex, breathing, smell/sound, taste/vibration, and all statements concerning anxiety (P &lt; .05). No significant difference in chairside time between the two procedures was found. No statistically significant differences in dental arch distances between digital models and plaster casts were found, but dental arch distances measured intraorally differed significantly from both digital models and plaster casts (P &lt; .05). Cost calculation showed that the digital procedure was 10.7 times more expensive than the conventional procedure initially and, that after 3.6 years, the two procedures were equal in cost. Conclusions: Children preferred intraoral scan rather than alginate impression. Chairside time was equal for the two procedures as were the measurements of maxillary dental arch distances. The two procedures were equal in cost at 3.6 years.

scholarly journals Outcome assessment of lingual and labial appliances compared with cephalometric analysis, peer assessment rating, and objective grading system in Angle Class II extraction cases

2014 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 400-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toru Deguchi ◽  
Fumie Terao ◽  
Tomo Aonuma ◽  
Tomoki Kataoka ◽  
Yasuyo Sugawara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Root Resorption ◽  
Peer Assessment ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Grading System ◽  
Cephalometric Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Objective Grading System ◽  
Peer Assessment Rating

ABSTRACT Objective:  To validate our hypothesis that there would be significant differences in treatment outcomes, including cephalometric values, degree of root resorption, occlusal indices, and functional aspect, between cases treated with labial and lingual appliances. Materials and Methods:  Twenty-four consecutively treated Class II cases with extractions and lingual appliance were compared with 25 matched cases treated with extraction and labial appliance. Orthodontic treatment outcomes were evaluated by cephalometric analysis, peer assessment rating, and an objective grading system (OGS). Additionally, functional analysis was also performed in both groups after orthodontic treatment. Statistical comparison was performed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test within the groups, and the Mann-Whitney U-test was used to compare between the labial and lingual groups. Results:  The only significant difference between the groups was that the interincisal angle was larger in the lingual group than in the labial group. OGS evaluation showed that control over root angulation was significantly worse in the lingual group than in the labial group. There was no significant difference between groups in the amount of root resorption or in functional evaluation. Conclusions:  Generally, lingual appliances offer comparable treatment results to those obtained with labial appliances. However, care should be taken with lingual appliances because they are more prone to produce uprighted incisors and root angulation.

scholarly journals Efficiency of compensatory orthodontic treatment of mild Class III malocclusion with two different bracket systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mônica L. C. Aragón ◽  
Lívia M. Bichara ◽  
Carlos Flores-Mir ◽  
Guilherme Almeida ◽  
David Normando
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Peer Assessment ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class Iii Malocclusion ◽  
Missed Appointments ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Efficiency Comparison

ABSTRACT Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the efficiency of compensatory orthodontic treatment of patients with mild Class III malocclusion with two preadjusted bracket systems. Method: Fifty-six matched patients consecutively treated for mild Class III malocclusion through compensatory dentoalveolar movements were retrospectively evaluated after analysis of orthodontic records. The sample was divided into two groups according to the brackets used: Group 1 = non-Class III compensated preadjusted brackets, Roth prescription (n = 28); Group 2 = compensated Class III preadjusted brackets, Capelozza III prescription (n = 28). Cephalometric analysis, number of appointments and missed appointments, months using Class III elastics, and bond/band failures were considered. Treatment time, Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index at the beginning (PAR T1) and end of treatment (PAR T2) were used to calculate treatment efficiency. Comparison was performed using a MANOVA at p< 0.05. Results: Missed appointments, bond or band failures, number of months using the Class III intermaxillary elastics, and cephalometric measurements showed no statistically significant difference (p> 0.05) between groups. Patients treated with Roth brackets had a treatment time 7 months longer (p= 0.01). Significant improvement in the patient’s occlusion (PAR T2-T1) was observed for both groups without difference (p= 0.22). Conclusions: Orthodontic brackets designed for compensation of mild Class III malocclusions appear to be more efficient than non-compensated straight-wire prescription brackets. Treatment time for Class III patients treated with brackets designed for compensation was shorter than with Roth prescription and no difference in the quality of the occlusal outcome was observed. A prospective randomized study is suggested to provide a deeper look into this subject.

scholarly journals Validity, Reliability and Reproducibility of Space Analysis using Digital Model taken via Model Scanner and Intraoral Scanner: An In vivo Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-187
Author(s):  
Seohyun Park ◽  
Jongsoo Kim ◽  
Sohee Oh
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Digital Model ◽  
Intraoral Scanner ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Space Analysis ◽  
Tooth Width ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Plaster Model

The purpose of this study is to evaluate validity, reliability and reproducibility of tooth width (TW), arch length (AL) and arch length discrepancy (ALD) measured on a digital model taken via 3-dimensional model scanner and intraoral scanner compared to a plaster model.<br/>A total of 30 patients aged 12 to 18 were eligible for the study. 3 types of models were acquired from each patient: a conventional plaster model (P), a model scanned digital model (MSD) taken via Freedom UHD<sup>®</sup> and an intraoral scanned digital model (ISD) taken via CS3600<sup>®</sup> in-vivo. The reliability of TW and AL in each group was evaluated using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, while the reproducibility was evaluated with intraclass correlation coefficient. The validity of space analysis was assessed by paired t-test.<br/>As a result, all measurements of P, MSD and ISD groups showed favorable reliability and reproducibility. Most of measurements for space analysis in MSD group and TW in ISD group also presented high validity. AL and ALD presented statistically significant difference between P and ISD group. The validity of measurements of space analysis in ISD group was short in doubt to valid, but clinically acceptable. Both MSD and ISD are clinically acceptable to use for space analysis but clinician should be aware that errors can be found using a digital model.

scholarly journals Incisor proclination and gingival recessions: is there a relationship?

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Márlio Vinícius de Oliveira ◽  
Matheus Melo Pithon ◽  
Márcia Luzia Lacerda Xavier ◽  
Rodrigo Villamarim Soares ◽  
Martinho Campolina Rebello Horta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Gingival Recession ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Incisal Edge ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Plaster Casts ◽  
Group 1 ◽  
Mandibular Incisors

Aim: To test the hypothesis that there is no relationship between the amount of vestibular inclination of mandibular incisors and the appearance of gingival recession in this region. Methods: This study included 20 patients selected in accordance with the following inclusion criteria: 1. adult patients without gingival recession in the mandibular incisors before treatment (T0), 2. no previous orthodontic treatment, 3. treated without tooth extraction in the mandibular arch, 4. bonded mandibular splinting from one canine to another after the active stage of orthodontic treatment (T1), 5. no visible wear of the incisal edge of the mandibular incisors, 6. Pre- and post-treatment teleradiography and plaster casts, and plaster casts 3 years post-treatment (T2). Depending on the amount of inclination of the mandibular incisors after treatment, the sample was divided into two groups: Group 1- 10 individuals (IMPA T1-T0 ≤ 5˚) and Group 2- 10 individuals (IMPA T1-T0 > 5˚). The measurement of length of the clinical crown (LCC) of the four mandibular incisors, distance between the incisal edge and vestibular marginal gingiva were made in plaster casts at T0, T1 and T2. Results: In spite of Group 1 presenting a reduction in LCC at T2, there was no statistically significant difference in LCC in the 3 time intervals evaluated in the two groups. Conclusions: The null hypothesis was accepted. The variation in the amount of vestibular inclination of the mandibular incisors during orthodontic treatment and 3 years after conclusion of treatment did not promote the appearance of gingival recessions in this group of patients.

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