scholarly journals Feeding Behavior of Mice under Different Food Allocation Regimens

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Ueno ◽  
Shunsuke Suemitsu ◽  
Shinji Murakami ◽  
Naoya Kitamura ◽  
Kenta Wani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Socially Anxious ◽  
Food Allocation ◽  
Food Condition ◽  
Food Quantity ◽  
Anxious Behavior ◽  
Aversive Behavior ◽  
High Level

Social interaction, a basic survival strategy for many animal species, helps maintain a social environment that has limited conflict. Social dominance has a dramatic effect on motivation. Recent evidence suggests that some primate and nonprimate species display aversive behavior toward food allocation regimens that differ from their peers. Thus, we examined the behaviors displayed by mice under different food allocation regimens. We analyzed changes in food intake using several parameters. In the same food condition, the mice received the same food; in the quality different condition, the mice received different foods; in the quantity different condition, one mouse did not receive food; and in the no food condition, none of the mice received food. To test differences based on food quality, one mouse received normal solid food as a less preferred reward, and the other received chocolate chips as a high-level reward. No behavioral change was observed in comparison to the same food condition. To test differences based on food quantity, one mouse received chocolate chips while the other received nothing. Mice who received nothing spent more time on the other side of the reward throughout the experiment. Interestingly, highly rewarded mice required more time to consume the chocolate chips. Thus, under different food allocation regimens, mice changed their behavior by being more hesitant. Moreover, mice alter food intake behavior according to the social environment. The findings help elucidate potential evolutionary aspects that help maintain social cohesion while providing insights into potential mechanisms underlying socially anxious behavior.

Ethics in the Judiciary System of Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-36
Author(s):  
Mehedi Imam
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Judicial Independence ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
The Other ◽  
Considerable Time ◽  
Ethical Knowledge ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Independent Judiciary ◽  
Role Players ◽  
High Level

In Bangladesh, demand for judicial independence in practice has been a much debated issue and the demand is fulfilled but expectation of people is not only limited to have an independent judiciary but to have an impartial system and cadre of people, which will administer justice rationally being free from fear or force. The independence of judiciary and the impartial judicial practice are related concepts, one cannot sustain without the other and here existence as well as the need of practicing impartiality is well recognized. But the art of practicing impartiality does not develop overnight as it’s related to development of one’s attitude. It takes a considerable time resulting from understanding, appreciating and acknowledging the moral values, ethics and professional responsibility. The judiciary includes Judges, Advocates mostly who are expected to demonstrate a high level of moral values and impartiality towards people seeking justice and ‘rule of law’. This is true that bench officers and clerks are also part of the process to ensure rule of law with same level of participation by the law enforcing agencies such as police. However the paper includes only those who either join judiciary as Judge/Magistrate or Advocate to explore level and extent of ethical knowledge they receive being key role players of the system. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bioethics.v1i2.9628 Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2010; 1(2): 34-36

scholarly journals Smart sensing metasurface with self-defined functions in dual polarizations

Nanophotonics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 3271-3278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Ma ◽  
Qiao Ru Hong ◽  
Xin Xin Gao ◽  
Hong Bo Jing ◽  
Che Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Programmable Gate Array ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rf Power ◽  
Pin Diodes ◽  
Self Recognition ◽  
Field Programmable ◽  
Power Detector ◽  
Smart Sensing ◽  
High Level ◽  
Rf Power Detector

AbstractFor the intelligence of metamaterials, the -sensing mechanism and programmable reaction units are two important components for self-recognition and -determination. However, their realization still face great challenges. Here, we propose a smart sensing metasurface to achieve self-defined functions in the framework of digital coding metamaterials. A sensing unit that can simultaneously process the sensing channel and realize phase-programmable capability is designed by integrating radio frequency (RF) power detector and PIN diodes. Four sensing units distributed on the metasurface aperture can detect the microwave incidences in the x- and y-polarizations, while the other elements can modulate the reflected phase patterns under the control of a field programmable gate array (FPGA). To validate the performance, three schemes containing six coding patterns are presented and simulated, after which two of them are measured, showing good agreements with designs. We envision that this work may motivate studies on smart metamaterials with high-level recognition and manipulation.

Fertility in Cheviot ewes. 2. The effect of level of pre-mating nutrition on ovulation rate and early embryo mortality in North and South Country Cheviot ewes in moderately-good condition at mating

1979 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Gunn ◽  
J. M. Doney ◽  
W. F. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Embryo Mortality ◽  
The North ◽  
Breed Difference ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACTIn two experiments over 2 years, 57 North Country Cheviot and 82 South Country Cheviot hill ewes were differentially group-fed indoors over a 2-month period to achieve either good or moderate body con- dition. Over 5 weeks prior to mating, ewes in good condition were brought down in condition by restricted feeding and ewes in mod- erate condition were raised in condition by a high level of feeding. The ewes were thus in moderately-good condition at mating. After mating, ewes were maintained in this condition until killed either on return to service or at 29 ± 8 days for counts of corpora lutea and viable embryos.Ovulation rate in each breed was positively related to the level of pre-mating food intake at the condition level studied. Embryo mortality, as ova loss, was not influenced overall by the level of pre-mating food intake but loss of multiple-shed ova was greater than that of single-shed ova in ewes which had been on restricted feeding before mating. Although a greater proportion of ewes in the North Country Cheviot breed were not pregnant at slaughter, this could not be identified as a breed difference since the breeds were studied in different years.

scholarly journals Voluntary Withdrawals, Forced Resignations, Collective Retirements or Just Bad Fortune? A Competing Risks Analysis of Ministerial Turnover in the German Länder (1990-2010)

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-76
Author(s):  
Sebastian Jäckle
Keyword(s):  
Competing Risks ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cox Models ◽  
Coalition Governments ◽  
German Länder ◽  
Competing Risks Analysis ◽  
Terminal Events ◽  
Hiring And Firing ◽  
High Level

This paper explores the determinants of ministerial duration within the German Länder between 1990 and 2010. In arguing that different terminal events ceasing ministerial tenures should be analyzed separately, it distinguishes four exit types: voluntary, forced, collective (ministers leaving office because their whole party does so) and exits that are neither volitional acts of the minister nor politically induced. Depending on the exit type, competing-risks Cox-models show different effects for one and the same variable on the hazard for ministerial turnover. Seniority in high-level politics for example helps not to be forced out of office while it has no effect on voluntary or collective exits. Heading an important ministry on the other hand increases the chances to rise to other positions in high politics or private business, but does not impact the other two hazards. The analysis furthermore shows that the principal-agent-logic known from Westminster systems with the prime minister being largely sovereign in hiring and firing cabinet members must be adapted to the German context of frequent coalition governments. In coalition governments, only ministers from the same party as the prime minister exhibit higher hazards for forced exits, while ministers from other coalition partners are much safer in that regard.

Measurement of Noise inside the Compartment and Vibration on both Sides of Elastomeric Powertrain Mounts of Passenger Car

2013 ◽  
Vol 471 ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
Mohd Noor Arib Rejab ◽  
Roslan Abd Rahman ◽  
Raja Ishak Raja Hamzah ◽  
Jawaid Iqbal Inayat Hussain ◽  
Nazirah Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fast Response ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Measurement Noise ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vibration Level ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Exhaust Noise ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Level Meter ◽  
High Level

This paper presents an evaluation on elastomeric mount used to isolate vibration from powertrain to chassis or structure vehicle. The assessments started with measurement of noise inside compartment, and exhaust noise. This is followed by the measurement of vibration on both sides of elastomeric mounts. The noise in the compartment and exhaust noise is measured according to BS 6086: 1981 and BS ISO 5130: 2007. The noise in the compartment and vibration is tested in three conditions. Firstly, engine is run-up with load (driving at second gear); secondly, without load; and thirdly, without load but hanging. A microphone is fixed at the ear of the mannequin. The fast response and A weighting sound level meter were used for measurement noise in the compartment and exhaust noise. The vibration is measured in terms of acceleration on both sides of each elastomeric powertrain mounts. Two accelerometer transducers are fixed on both sides of powertrain elastomeric mounts. One side was identified as a source of vibration and the other as receiver of vibrations. The results showed that the pattern of overall vibration level on source and receiver increased from 1050 RPM (idling) to 4000 RPM on all test conditions. Vibration transmitted to chassis or receiver structure was analyzed using transmissibility concept. By evaluating test condition of engine run-up without load, informed that the front and rear mounts showed a high level transmissibility contributing to structure-borne noise.

scholarly journals The S66 Non-Covalent Interactions Benchmark Reconsidered Using Explicitly Correlated Methods Near the Basis Set Limit

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj K. Kesharwani ◽  
Amir Karton ◽  
Nitai Sylvetsky ◽  
Jan M. L. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Computational Cost ◽  
The Other ◽  
Basis Set ◽  
Basis Sets ◽  
Explicitly Correlated ◽  
Non Covalent Interactions ◽  
Explicitly Correlated Methods ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level ◽  
Covalent Interactions

The S66 benchmark for non-covalent interactions has been re-evaluated using explicitly correlated methods with basis sets near the one-particle basis set limit. It is found that post-MP2 ‘high-level corrections’ are treated adequately well using a combination of CCSD(F12*) with (aug-)cc-pVTZ-F12 basis sets on the one hand, and (T) extrapolated from conventional CCSD(T)/heavy-aug-cc-pV{D,T}Z on the other hand. Implications for earlier benchmarks on the larger S66×8 problem set in particular, and for accurate calculations on non-covalent interactions in general, are discussed. At a slight cost in accuracy, (T) can be considerably accelerated by using sano-V{D,T}Z+ basis sets, whereas half-counterpoise CCSD(F12*)(T)/cc-pVDZ-F12 offers the best compromise between accuracy and computational cost.

scholarly journals The influence of athletic performance on the highest positions of the final ranking during 2017/2018 Serie A season

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Umile Giuseppe Longo ◽  
Francesco Sofi ◽  
Vincenzo Candela ◽  
Laura Risi Ambrogioni ◽  
Giuditta Pagliai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Average Speed ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background Our previous study on the 2016/2017 Serie A season showed that a greater likelihood of reaching the top positions in the Italian league “Serie A” seemed to be mainly related to sprint activity, goal attempts, total throws, target shots and assists. Therefore, we aim to evaluate the following season data in the same league to compare, confirm, and improve these results. Methods The data of all the matches played during the “Serie A” 2017–2018 season were obtained from the Italian soccer league. The teams’ analysis was performed in terms of total distance covered in km, jogging, running and sprint activities, average speed, and match statistics (total shots, shots on target, goal attempts, assists, turnovers, and steals). Results Teams that reached the first four positions revealed a lower percentage of running (65.98 ± 1.51 vs. 66.84 ± 2.18; p < 0.001), a higher percentage of jogging (25.61 ± 1.71 vs. 25.30 ± 1.97; p = 0.037) and sprint activities (8.41 ± 1.04 vs. 7.86 ± 0.82; p < 0.001). Match statistics seem to be statistically different between the first four teams the other teams. The total goals are strongly associated both with the total score at the end of the championship (R = 0.906; p < 0.001) and with the position in the final ranking (R = 0.850; p < 0.001). Conclusions Our results suggest that high-level teams have a lower running rate and a higher percentage of jogging and sprinting than other teams.

scholarly journals Generation of an EDS Key Based on a Graphic Image of a Subject’s Face Using the RC4 Algorithm

Information ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Alexey Semenkov ◽  
Dmitry Bragin ◽  
Yakov Usoltsev ◽  
Anton Konev ◽  
Evgeny Kostuchenko
Keyword(s):  
Image Recognition ◽  
Random Number ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
The Other ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Random Generation ◽  
Facial Image ◽  
Random Number Generators ◽  
Graphic Image ◽  
High Level

Modern facial recognition algorithms make it possible to identify system users by their appearance with a high level of accuracy. In such cases, an image of the user’s face is converted to parameters that later are used in a recognition process. On the other hand, the obtained parameters can be used as data for pseudo-random number generators. However, the closeness of the sequence generated by such a generator to a truly random one is questionable. This paper proposes a system which is able to authenticate users by their face, and generate pseudo-random values based on the facial image that will later serve to generate an encryption key. The generator of a random value was tested with the NIST Statistical Test Suite. The subsystem of image recognition was also tested under various conditions of taking the image. The test results of the random value generator show a satisfactory level of randomness, i.e., an average of 0.47 random generation (NIST test), with 95% accuracy of the system as a whole.

The Origins of Political Trust in East Asian Democracies: Psychological, Cultural, and Institutional Arguments

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 410-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
EUNJUNG CHOI ◽  
JONGSEOK WOO
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Political Trust ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Different Sources

AbstractWhile the importance of social and political trust has been well documented, there is a lack of scholarly consensus over where trust originates. This article tests three theoretical arguments – social-psychological, social-cultural, and political institutional – on the origin of political trust against three East Asian democracies (Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan). The empirical analysis from the AsiaBarometer survey illustrates that political institutional theory best explains the origin of political trust in East Asian cases. Citizens of these East Asian democracies have a high level of political trust when they believe that their governments perform well in management of the national economy and political representation of elected officials. Meanwhile, social-psychological and social-cultural theories explain the origins of social trust, but not political trust. The evidence reveals that socially trusting people are not automatically politically trusting; social trust and political trust originate from different sources and do not transform from one to the other.

scholarly journals Courage and Cowardice in the North African Campaign: The Eighth Army and Defeat in the Summer of 1942

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Fennell
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Dimension ◽  
North African ◽  
The North ◽  
High Level ◽  
Eighth Army

High rates of desertion and surrender during the battles in North Africa in the summer of 1942 were a major factor in Eighth Army’s poor combat performance. At the time, some suggested that these problems were symptomatic of a lack of courage or even of cowardice. There are two broad strands to the conceptualization of courage and cowardice. One focuses on the willingness of the person to fight; the other puts emphasis on how actions express an individual’s ability to cope with fear. Whichever conceptualization is used, high morale motivates the soldier to fight and shields the ordinary recruit from his fear, preventing it from overcoming him in battle. Where morale fails, the soldier is left demotivated and burdened with his terror and, therefore, and is therefore prone to desertion or surrender. Because it is extremely difficult to maintain morale at a continuously high level in an environment governed by chance and managed by humans, all soldiers can find themselves in situations where their actions may be judged as cowardly. Alternatively, if they are properly motivated to fight and prepared by the state and military to deal with the unavoidable fear of combat, all soldiers can be labelled courageous. Accordingly, emotive terms should be avoided when attempting to describe rationally explainable outcomes. The undoubtedly negative connotations attached to cowardice in battle and the positive ones attached to courage are, therefore, arguably unhelpful in understanding Eighth Army’s performance in the summer of 1942 and the human dimension in warfare more generally.

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