scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Antagonistic Bacteria Paenibacillus jamilae HS-26 and Their Effects on Plant Growth

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Wang ◽  
Qian Li ◽  
Junkang Sui ◽  
Jiamiao Zhang ◽  
Zhaoyang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Soilborne Pathogens ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Antifungal Metabolites ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

Soilborne pathogens affect plant growth and food production worldwide. The application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides to control plant diseases has harmful effects; fortunately, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria can be used as a potential alternative strategy. Here, Paenibacillus jamilae HS-26 was selected for its highly antagonistic activity against several soilborne pathogens. The bacterium synthesized hydrolytic enzymes and released extracellular antifungal metabolites and volatile organic compounds—primarily, N, N-diethyl-1, 4-phenylenediamine, which was detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and shown to inhibit fungal mycelial growth. Furthermore, HS-26 was useful for nitrogen fixation, phosphate and potassium solubilization, and siderophore and indoleacetic acid production. In vitro tests and pot experiments revealed that HS-26 considerably increased plant biometric parameters. Illumina MiSeq sequencing data showed a significant reduction in soilborne pathogens and increase in beneficial bacteria in the wheat rhizosphere after treatment with strain HS-26.

scholarly journals The Use of Essential Oils from Thyme, Sage and Peppermint against Colletotrichum acutatum

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Armina Morkeliūnė ◽  
Neringa Rasiukevičiūtė ◽  
Lina Šernaitė ◽  
Alma Valiuškaitė
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp ◽  
Biological Protection

The Colletotrichum spp. is a significant strawberry pathogen causing yield losses of up to 50%. The most common method to control plant diseases is through the use of chemical fungicides. The findings of plants antimicrobial activities, low toxicity, and biodegradability of essential oils (EO), make them suitable for biological protection against fungal pathogens. The aim is to evaluate the inhibition of Colletotrichum acutatum by thyme, sage, and peppermint EO in vitro on detached strawberry leaves and determine EO chemical composition. Our results revealed that the dominant compound of thyme was thymol 41.35%, peppermint: menthone 44.56%, sage: α,β-thujone 34.45%, and camphor: 20.46%. Thyme EO inhibited C. acutatum completely above 200 μL L−1 concentration in vitro. Peppermint and sage EO reduced mycelial growth of C. acutatum. In addition, in vitro, results are promising for biological control. The detached strawberry leaves experiments showed that disease reduction 4 days after inoculation was 15.8% at 1000 μL L−1 of peppermint EO and 5.3% at 800 μL L−1 of thyme compared with control. Our findings could potentially help to manage C. acutatum; however, the detached strawberry leaves assay showed that EO efficacy was relatively low on tested concentrations and should be increased.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Salt Tolerant Endophytic and Rhizospheric Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) Associated with the Halophyte Plant (Sesuvium Verrucosum) Grown in KSA

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 552-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed A.M. El-Awady ◽  
Mohamed M. Hassan ◽  
Yassin M. Al-Sodany
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Exponential Growth Phase ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Growth Promoting

This study was designed to isolate and characterize endophytic and rhizospheric bacteria associated with the halophyte plant Sesuvium verrucosum, grown under extreme salinity soil in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The plant growth promotion activities of isolated bacterial were evaluated in vitro. A total of 19 salt tolerant endophytic and rhizospheric bacterial isolates were obtained and grouped into six according to genetic similarity based on RAPD data. These six isolates were identified by amplification and partial sequences of 16S rDNA as Enterobacter cancerogenus,Vibrio cholerae, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and two Enterobacter sp. Isolates were then grown until exponential growth phase to evaluate the atmospheric nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, and production of phytohormones such as indole-3-acetic acid, as well as 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity. While, All of the six strains were negative for ACC deaminaseactivity, two isolates showed Nitrogen fixation activity, three isolates produce the plant hormone (Indole acetic acid) and two isolates have the activity of solubiliztion of organic phosphate. Among the six isolates, the isolate (R3) from the soil around the roots is able to perform the three previous growth promoting possibilities together and it is ideal for use in promoting the growth of plants under the high salinity conditions. This isolate is candidate to prepare a friendly biofertelizer that can be used for the improvement of the crops performance under salinity conditions.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(3): 552-560

scholarly journals Multifarious Indigenous Diazotrophic Rhizobacteria of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Rhizosphere and Their Effect on Plant Growth Promotion

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Imran Mir ◽  
Bee Hameeda ◽  
Humera Quadriya ◽  
B. Kiran Kumar ◽  
Noshin Ilyas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Phosphate Solubilization ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Diazotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Pgp Traits ◽  
Rice Plants

A diverse group of rhizobacteria persists in the rhizospheric soil, on the surface of roots, or in association with rice plants. These bacteria colonize plant root systems, enhance plant growth and crop yield. Indigenous rhizobacteria are known to promote soil health, grain production quality and serve as sustainable bioinoculant. The present study was aimed to isolate, identify and characterize indigenous plant growth promoting (PGP) diazotrophic bacteria associated with the rhizosphere of rice fields from different areas of Jammu and Kashmir, India. A total of 15 bacteria were isolated and evaluated for various PGP traits, antagonistic activity against phytopathogens, production of hydrolytic enzymes and biofilm formation under in-vitro conditions. The majority of the isolated bacteria were Gram-negative. Out of 15 bacterial isolates, nine isolates produced IAA (12.24 ± 2.86 to 250.3 ± 1.15 μg/ml), 6 isolates exhibited phosphate solubilization activity (36.69 ± 1.63 to 312.4 ± 1.15 μg/ml), 7 isolates exhibited rock phosphate solubilization while 5 isolates solubilized zinc (10–18 mm), 7 isolates showed siderophore production, 8 isolates exhibited HCN production, 6 isolates exhibited aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity, 13 isolates exhibited cellulase activity, nine isolates exhibited amylase and lipase activity and six isolates exhibited chitinase activity. In addition, 5 isolates showed amplification with the nifH gene and showed a significant amount of nitrogenase activity in a range of 0.127–4.39 μmol C2H4/mg protein/h. Five isolates viz., IHK-1, IHK-3, IHK-13, IHK-15 and IHK-25 exhibited most PGP attributes and successfully limited the mycelial growth of Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum in-vitro. All the five bacterial isolates were identified based on morphological, biochemical and 16S rDNA gene sequencing study, as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Enterobacter sp., Bacillus sp., Ochrobactrum haematophilum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Rice plants developed from seeds inoculated with these PGP strains individually had considerably higher germination percentage, seed vigor index and total dry biomass when compared to control. These findings strongly imply that the PGP diazotrophic bacteria identified in this work could be employed as plant growth stimulators in rice.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Essential Oils of Pinus patula

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1100601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Amri ◽  
Hamrouni Lamia ◽  
Samia Gargouri ◽  
Mohsen Hanana ◽  
Mariem Mahfoudhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pinus Patula ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Total Oil

Essential oils isolated from needles of Pinus patula by hydrodistillation were analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Thirty-eight compounds were identified, representing 98.3% of the total oil. The oil was rich in monoterpene hydrocarbons (62.4%), particularly α-pinene (35.2%) and β-phellandrene (19.5%). The in vitro antifungal assay showed that P. patula oil significantly inhibited the growth of 9 plant pathogenic fungi. The oil, when tested on Sinapis arvensis, Lolium rigidum, Phalaris canariensis and Trifolium campestre, completely inhibited seed germination and seedling growth of all species. Our preliminary results showed that P. patula essential oil could be valorized for the control of weeds and fungal plant diseases.

scholarly journals Actinomycetes, promising tools to control plant diseases and to promote plant growth

2005 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 85-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.L. Doumbou ◽  
M.K. Hamby Salove ◽  
D.L. Crawford ◽  
C. Beaulieu
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Promote Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Promoting

Actinomycetes represent a high proportion of the soil microbial biomass and have the capacity to produce a wide variety of antibiotics and of extracellular enzymes. Several strains of actinomycetes have been found to protect plants against plant diseases. This review focuses on the potential of actinomycetes as (a) source of agroactive compounds, (b) plant growth promoting organisms, and (c) biocontrol tools of plant diseases. This review also addresses examples of biological control of fungal and bacterial plant pathogens by actinomycetes species which have already reached the market or are likely to be exploited commercially within the next few years.

The Biocontrol Mechanism of Trichoderma asperellum Resistance Plant Pathogenic Fungi

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 4525-4528
Author(s):  
Ping Yang ◽  
Qian Xu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Antifungal Metabolites ◽  
Degrading Enzymes

T. asperellum is an important biocontrol fungus owing to their ability to antagonize plant pathogenic fungi. The biocontrol effects of T. asperellum were played by secreting many kinds of hydrolytic enzymes and antibiotics. T. asperellum producing more cell wall degrading enzymes when meeting plant pathogens. Moreover, the growth of the plant pathogens was inhibited by T. asperellum secondary metabolites. The yield of antibiotic 6-PP was 1.32 mg 6-PP/g mycelial dry weight. T. asperellum control plant pathogens through secreting cell wall degrading enzymes and producing antifungal metabolites.

scholarly journals Protein Elicitor EsxA Induces Resistance to Seedling Blight and PR Genes Differential Transcription in Rice

Rice ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Qing Yu ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
Feng Chao Yan ◽  
Gui Ping Zheng ◽  
Wen Zhi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Pr Genes ◽  
Protein Elicitor ◽  
Animal Pathogens ◽  
Differential Transcription

AbstractProtein elicitors can induce plant systemic resistance to pathogens. In an earlier study, we cloned an EsxA gene from the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Paenibacillus terrae NK3-4 and expressed it in Pichia pastoris. In addition to being important for the pathogenicity of animal pathogens, EsxA can also induce an immune response in animals. While, we found the exogenously expressed EsxA has the activity of elicitor, which can trigger hypersensitive response and reactive oxygen species burst in leaves as well as enhanced rice plant growth. The effects of EsxA on seedling blight (Fusarium oxysporum) resistance and gene transcription, including pathogenesis-related (PR) genes in rice were evaluated. The germination rate was 95.0% for seeds treated with EsxA and then inoculated with F. oxysporum, which was 2.8-times higher than that of F. oxysporum-infected control seeds that were not treated with EsxA (Con). The buds and roots of EsxA-treated seedlings were 2.4- and 15.9-times longer than those of Con seedlings. The plants and roots of seedlings dipped in an EsxA solution and then inoculated with F. oxysporum were longer than those of the Con seedlings. Theplant length, number of total roots, and number of white roots were respectively 23.2%, 1.74-times, and 7.42-times greater for the seedlings sprayed with EsxA and then inoculated with F. oxysporum than for the Con seedlings. The EsxA induction efficiency (spray treatment) on seedling blight resistance was 60.9%. The transcriptome analysis revealed 1137 and 239 rice genes with EsxA-induced up-regulated and down-regulated transcription levels, respectively. At 48 h after the EsxA treatment, the transcription of 611 and 160 genes was up-regulated and down-regulated, respectively, compared with the transcription levels for the untreated control at the same time-point. Many disease resistance-related PR genes had up-regulated transcription levels. The qPCR data were consistent with the transcriptome sequencing results. EsxA triggered rice ISR to seedling blight and gene differential transcription, including the up-regulated transcription of rice PR genes. These findings may be relevant for the use of EsxA as a protein elicitor to control plant diseases.

scholarly journals Isolation and characterization of Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain ST9 and its potential as a bioinoculant for agriculture

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Bertani ◽  
Elisa Zampieri ◽  
Cristina Bez ◽  
Andrea Volante ◽  
Vittorio Venturi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Pseudomonas Chlororaphis ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Plant Genes

AbstractThe development of biotechnologies based on beneficial microorganisms for improving soil fertility and crop yields could help addressing many current agriculture challenges, such as food security, climate change, pests control, soil depletion while decreasing the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Plant Growth Promoting (PGP) microbes can be used as probiotics in order to increase plant tolerance/resistance to abiotic/biotic stresses and in this context strains belonging to the Pseudomonas chlororaphis group have shown to have potential as PGP candidates. In this work a new P. chlororaphis isolate is reported and tested for (i) in vitro PGP features, (ii) whole genome sequence analysis, and (iii) its effects on root microbiome, plant growth and on the expression of different plant genes in greenhouse experiments. The potential use of this P. chlororaphis strain as a plant probiotic is discussed.

scholarly journals Rhizosphere Community Selection Reveals Bacteria Associated With Reduced Root Disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuntao Yin ◽  
Juan M. Casa Vargas ◽  
Daniel C. Schlatter ◽  
Christina H. Hagerty ◽  
Scot H. Hulbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Wheat Root ◽  
Root Disease ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes

Abstract Background: Microbes benefit plants by increasing nutrient availability, producing plant growth hormones, and protecting against pathogens. However, it is largely unknown how plants change root microbial communities. Results: In this study, we used a multi-cycle selection system and infection by the soilborne fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani AG8 (hereafter AG8) to examine how plants impact the rhizosphere bacterial community and recruit beneficial microorganisms to suppress soilborne fungal pathogens and promote plant growth. Successive plantings dramatically enhanced disease suppression on susceptible wheat cultivars to AG8 in the greenhouse. Accordingly, analysis of the rhizosphere soil microbial community using deep sequencing of 16S rRNA genes revealed distinct bacterial community profiles assembled over successive wheat plantings. Moreover, the cluster of bacterial communities formed from the AG8-infected rhizosphere was distinct from those without AG8 infection. Interestingly, the bacterial communities from the rhizosphere with the lowest wheat root disease gradually separated from those with the worst wheat root disease over planting cycles. Successive monocultures and application of AG8 increased the abundance of some bacterial genera which have potential antagonistic activities, such as Chitinophaga, Pseudomonas, Chryseobacterium, and Flavobacterium, and a group of plant growth-promoting (PGP) and nitrogen-fixing microbes, including Pedobacter, Variovorax, and Rhizobium. Furthermore, 47 bacteria isolates belong to 35 species were isolated. Among them, eleven and five exhibited antagonistic activities to AG8 and Rhizoctonia oryzae in vitro, respectively. Notably, Janthinobacterium displayed broad antagonism against the soilborne pathogens Pythium ultimum, AG8, and R. oryzae in vitro, and disease suppressive activity to AG8 in soil. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that successive wheat plantings and pathogen infection can shape the rhizosphere microbial communities and specifically accumulate a group of beneficial microbes. Our findings suggest that soil community selection may offer the potential for addressing agronomic concerns associated with plant diseases and crop productivity.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Pseudomonas chlororaphis Strain ST9; Rhizomicrobiota and in Planta Studies

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1466
Author(s):  
Iris Bertani ◽  
Elisa Zampieri ◽  
Cristina Bez ◽  
Andrea Volante ◽  
Vittorio Venturi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Pseudomonas Chlororaphis ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Plant Genes

The development of biotechnologies based on beneficial microorganisms for improving soil fertility and crop yields could help to address many current agriculture challenges, such as food security, climate change, pest control, soil depletion while decreasing the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Plant growth-promoting (PGP) microbes can be used as probiotics in order to increase plant tolerance/resistance to abiotic/biotic stresses and in this context strains belonging to the Pseudomonas chlororaphis group have shown to have potential as PGP candidates. In this study a new P. chlororaphis isolate is reported and tested for (i) in vitro PGP features, (ii) whole-genome sequence analysis, and (iii) its effects on the rhizosphere microbiota composition, plant growth, and different plant genes expression levels in greenhouse experiments. Results showed that P. chlororaphis ST9 is an efficient rice root colonizer which integrates into the plant resident-microbiota and affects the expression of several plant genes. The potential use of this P. chlororaphis strain as a plant probiotic is discussed.

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