scholarly journals Quantitative Assessment of Autonomic Regulation of the Cardiac System

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Kang Wu ◽  
Zhipei Huang ◽  
Zhiqiang Zhang ◽  
Wendong Xiao ◽  
Hong Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Neural System ◽  
Autonomic Regulation ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Parasympathetic Nerve ◽  
Graphic Model ◽  
Graded Exercise Testing ◽  
Cardiac System

Autonomic neural system (ANS) regulates the circulation to provide optimal perfusion of every organ in accordance with its metabolic needs, and the quantitative assessment of autonomic regulation is crucial for personalized medicine in cardiovascular diseases. In this paper, we propose the Dystatis to quantitatively evaluate autonomic regulation of the human cardiac system, based on homeostatis and probabilistic graphic model, where homeostatis explains ANS regulation while the probability graphic model systematically defines the regulation process for quantitative assessment. The indices and measurement methods for three well-designed scenarios are also illustrated to evaluate the proposed Dystatis: (1) heart rate variability (HRV), blood pressure variability (BPV), and respiration synchronization (Synch) in resting situation; (2) chronotropic competence indices (CCI) in graded exercise testing; and (3) baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), sympathetic nerve activity (SNA), and parasympathetic nerve activity (PNA) in orthostatic testing. The previous clinical results have shown that the proposed method and indices for autonomic cardiac system regulation have great potential in prediction, diagnosis, and rehabilitation of cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and diabetes.

Resveratrol and cardiac fibrosis prevention and treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parinaz Zivarpour ◽  
Željko Reiner ◽  
Jamal Hallajzadeh ◽  
Liaosadat Mirsafaei
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiac Fibrosis ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Matrix Proteins ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Laboratory Models

: Cardiovascular diseases are some of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in developed or developing countries but in developed countries as well. Cardiac fibrosis is one of the most often pathological changes of heart tissues. It occurs as a result of extracellular matrix proteins accumulation at myocardia. Cardiac fibrosis results in impaired cardiac systolic and diastolic functions and is associated with other effects. Therapies with medicines have not been sufficiently successful in treating chronic diseases such as CVD. Therefore, the interest for therapeutic potential of natural compounds and medicinal plants has increased. Plants such as grapes, berries and peanuts contain a polyphenolic compound called "resveratrol" which has been reported to have various therapeutic properties for a variety of diseases. Studies on laboratory models that show that resveratrol has beneficial effects on cardiovascular diseases including myocardial infarction, high blood pressure cardiomyopathy, thrombosis, cardiac fibrosis, and atherosclerosis. In vitro animal models using resveratrol indicated protective effects on the heart by neutralizing reactive oxygen species, preventing inflammation, increasing neoangiogenesis, dilating blood vessels, suppressing apoptosis and delaying atherosclerosis. In this review, we are presenting experimental and clinical results of studies concerning resveratrol effects on cardiac fibrosis as a CVD outcome in humans.

scholarly journals Impact of Wearing Graduated Compression Stockings on Psychological and Physiological Responses during Prolonged Sitting

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Horiuchi ◽  
Chieko Takiguchi ◽  
Yoko Kirihara ◽  
Yukari Horiuchi
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Compression Stockings ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Parasympathetic Nerve ◽  
Prolonged Sitting ◽  
Saliva Cortisol ◽  
Healthy Young People ◽  
Graduated Compression Stockings ◽  
The Impact

We investigated the impact of wearing vs. not wearing graduated compression stockings on psychological and physiological responses in 18 healthy young people (12 men and six women) during 3 h prolonged sitting. Profiled of Mood States (POMS) scores did not show marked differences between with and without stockings. A 3 h sit significantly decreased saliva cortisol in both conditions; with no differences between conditions. Wearing stockings suppressed a subjective uncomfortable sensation (e.g., pain; fatigue; swelling) in the lower limbs, as assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS). Increase in heart rate at 1 h and 3 h was significantly greater without than with stockings. In addition, high-frequency oscillations (HF: 0.15–0.4 Hz), used as an indicator of parasympathetic nerve activity, showed higher values with than without stockings throughout the 3 h sitting period—significantly higher at 1 h. When data for both conditions were pooled pre-to-post changes in saliva cortisol were positively associated with higher uncomfortable sensations of VAS in the lower limbs and negatively associated with changes in the Vigor subscale of POMS. Collectively, these findings suggest that wearing graduated compression stockings may benefit from subjective comfort and increased parasympathetic nerve activity.

scholarly journals Pharmacological Modulation of Vagal Nerve Activity in Cardiovascular Diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Longzhu Liu ◽  
Ming Zhao ◽  
Xiaojiang Yu ◽  
Weijin Zang
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Vagal Nerve ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Pharmacological Modulation ◽  
Vagal Nerve Activity

Quantitative Assessment of Breast Lesion Viscoelasticity: Initial Clinical Results Using Supersonic Shear Imaging

2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 1373-1386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mickael Tanter ◽  
Jeremy Bercoff ◽  
Alexandra Athanasiou ◽  
Thomas Deffieux ◽  
Jean-Luc Gennisson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Breast Lesion ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Supersonic Shear Imaging

scholarly journals Modulation of Ca2+ oscillation and melatonin secretion by BKCa channel activity in rat pinealocytes

2016 ◽  
Vol 310 (9) ◽  
pp. C740-C747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroya Mizutani ◽  
Hisao Yamamura ◽  
Makoto Muramatsu ◽  
Yumiko Hagihara ◽  
Yoshiaki Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Role ◽  
Cell Voltage ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Bkca Channel ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
Melatonin Secretion ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Parasympathetic Nerve ◽  
Negative Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Melatonin Production

The pineal glands regulate circadian rhythm through the synthesis and secretion of melatonin. The stimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor due to parasympathetic nerve activity causes an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration and eventually downregulates melatonin production. Our previous report shows that rat pinealocytes have spontaneous and nicotine-induced Ca2+ oscillations that are evoked by membrane depolarization followed by Ca2+ influx through voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (VDCCs). These Ca2+ oscillations are supposed to contribute to the inhibitory mechanism of melatonin secretion. Here we examined the involvement of large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BKCa) channel conductance on the regulation of Ca2+ oscillation and melatonin production in rat pinealocytes. Spontaneous Ca2+ oscillations were markedly enhanced by BKCa channel blockers (1 μM paxilline or 100 nM iberiotoxin). Nicotine (100 μM)-induced Ca2+ oscillations were also augmented by paxilline. In contrast, spontaneous Ca2+ oscillations were abolished by BKCa channel opener [3 μM 12,14-dichlorodehydroabietic acid (diCl-DHAA)]. Under whole cell voltage-clamp configurations, depolarization-elicited outward currents were significantly activated by diCl-DHAA and blocked by paxilline. Expression analyses revealed that the α and β3 subunits of BKCa channel were highly expressed in rat pinealocytes. Importantly, the activity of BKCa channels modulated melatonin secretion from whole pineal gland of the rat. Taken together, BKCa channel activation attenuates these Ca2+ oscillations due to depolarization-synchronized Ca2+ influx through VDCCs and results in a recovery of reduced melatonin secretion during parasympathetic nerve activity. BKCa channels may play a physiological role for melatonin production via a negative-feedback mechanism.

Autonomic Regulation of Kidney Function

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed H. Abdulla ◽  
Edward J. Johns
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Sympathetic Nerves ◽  
Renal Nerves ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Efferent Nerve ◽  
Claude Bernard ◽  
Renal Innervation

A potential role for the renal innervation was first described in 1859 by Claude Bernard, who observed an increase in urine flow following section of the greater splanchnic nerve, which included the renal nerves. Subsequent studies provided little further clarity, leading Homer Smith in 1951 to declare that the renal innervation had little or no significance in controlling kidney hemodynamic or excretory function. However, since the 1960s, there has been increased attention to how the renal nerves may contribute to the deranged control of blood pressure and heart function cardiovascular diseases. The efferent (sympathetic) nerves have neuroeffector junctions which provide close contact with all vascular and tubular elements of the kidney. Activation of the sympathetic nerves at the resistance vessels, that is, the interlobular arteries afferent and even arterioles, modulates both renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate; at the juxtaglomerular granular cells, they cause renin release and subsequent angiotensin II generation, and at the tubules there is a neurally stimulated increase in epithelial cell sodium transport. Less is known of the role of the afferent nerves, which primarily innervate the renal pelvis, and to a lesser degree the cortex and medulla. Their role is uncertain but sensory information passing to the brain can influence renal efferent nerve activity, forming the basis of both inhibitory and excitatory reno-renal reflexes. Increasingly, it is perceived that in a range of cardiovascular diseases such as cardiac failure, chronic renal disease, and hypertension, there is an inappropriate sympatho-excitation related to alterations in afferent renal nerve activity, which exacerbates the disease progression. The importance of the renal innervation in these disease processes has been emphasized in clinical studies where renal denervation in humans has been found to reduce blood pressure in resistant hypertensive patients and to ameliorate the progression of cardiac and kidney diseases, diabetes, and obesity and hypertension. The importance of both systemic and renal inflammatory responses in activating the neurohumoral control of the kidney is a continuing source of investigation.

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