Impact of Wearing Graduated Compression Stockings on Psychological and Physiological Responses during Prolonged Sitting

We investigated the impact of wearing vs. not wearing graduated compression stockings on psychological and physiological responses in 18 healthy young people (12 men and six women) during 3 h prolonged sitting. Profiled of Mood States (POMS) scores did not show marked differences between with and without stockings. A 3 h sit significantly decreased saliva cortisol in both conditions; with no differences between conditions. Wearing stockings suppressed a subjective uncomfortable sensation (e.g., pain; fatigue; swelling) in the lower limbs, as assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS). Increase in heart rate at 1 h and 3 h was significantly greater without than with stockings. In addition, high-frequency oscillations (HF: 0.15–0.4 Hz), used as an indicator of parasympathetic nerve activity, showed higher values with than without stockings throughout the 3 h sitting period—significantly higher at 1 h. When data for both conditions were pooled pre-to-post changes in saliva cortisol were positively associated with higher uncomfortable sensations of VAS in the lower limbs and negatively associated with changes in the Vigor subscale of POMS. Collectively, these findings suggest that wearing graduated compression stockings may benefit from subjective comfort and increased parasympathetic nerve activity.

Download Full-text

Impact of Wearing Graduated Compression Stockings on Psychological and Physiological Responses during Prolonged Sitting

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000560829.16355.c2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 51 (Supplement) ◽

pp. 111

Author(s):

Yukari Horiuchi ◽

Yoko Handa Kirihara ◽

Masahiro Horiuchi

Keyword(s):

Physiological Responses ◽

Compression Stockings ◽

Prolonged Sitting ◽

Graduated Compression Stockings

Download Full-text

Rationale and Design of the EMPYREAN Study: Investigation on the Effect of Empagliflozin on Cardiac Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nerve Activity in Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

10.21203/rs.2.23750/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hirohiko Motoki ◽

Izuru Masuda ◽

Shinji Yasuno ◽

Koji Oba ◽

Wataru Shoin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Sglt2 Inhibitor ◽

Japanese Patients ◽

Autonomic Nerve ◽

Nerve Activity ◽

Parasympathetic Nerve ◽

Sglt2 Inhibition ◽

Autonomic Nerve Activity ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background: A sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor was recently found to reduce heart failure hospitalization in the EMPA-REG OUTCOMES trial. We have hypothesized that autonomic nerve activity may be modulated by SGLT2 inhibition. The current study aims to investigate the impact of empagliflozin on sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve activity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: This ongoing study is a prospective, randomized, open-label, multicenter investigation of 134 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The patients are randomly allocated to receive either empagliflozin or sitagliptin with the treatment goal of the Japan Diabetes Society guidelines. Ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring is performed at the baseline and at 12 and 24 weeks of treatment. Analyses of heart rate variability are performed using the MemCalc method, which is a combination of the maximum entropy method for spectral analysis and the non-linear least squares method for square analysis. The primary endpoint is the change in the low frequency (LF; 0.04-0.15 Hz) / high frequency (HF; 0.15-0.4 Hz) ratio from baseline to 24 weeks.Discussion: This investigation on the effect of EMPagliflozin on cardiac sYmpathetic and parasympathetic neRve activity in JapanEse pAtieNts with type 2 diabetes (EMPYREAN study) offers an important opportunity to understand the impact of SGLT2 inhibition on autonomic nerve activity in patients with type 2 diabetes.Trial Registration: UMIN Clinical Trials Registry identifier UMIN000029194. Registered 19 September 2017, https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000033375

Download Full-text

Case–control evaluation of the impact of below 20 mmHg elastic compression stockings on lower limb volume serial variations in standardized flights

Phlebology The Journal of Venous Disease ◽

10.1177/0268355519873527 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 199-206 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sergio Gianesini ◽

Giovanni Mosti ◽

Joseph D Raffetto ◽

Elisa Maietti ◽

Yung-Wei Chi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Compression Stocking ◽

Interface Pressure ◽

Compression Stockings ◽

Elastic Band ◽

Volume Increase ◽

Prolonged Sitting ◽

The Subject ◽

Control Evaluation ◽

The Impact ◽

Volume Decrease

Background Graduated compression stocking (GCS) use during flights demonstrated to positively impact leg oedema. Nevertheless, these data were collected in a single flight, mainly at the ankle, and using greater than 20 mmHg GCS. This investigation reports data from 16 flights in which the same passenger’s leg circumferences variation were assessed wearing non-graduated ankle-sock or a below-knee 15–20 mmHg GCS. Methods The limb was divided by the circumferences in eight sectors, every 4 cm, labelled from 1 to 8, starting from the ankle up. The assessment was done at the take-off and after a 4-h flight time, for a total of 16 flights. The subject used non-graduated ankle socks (elastic band at 4 cm from B-point) during the outgoing flight and below-knee GCS (15–20 mmHg) during the return flight. Interface pressure was assessed at the ankle point of minimum girth (B) and ascending proximally every 4 cm (B+cm) for the GCS, and at B and at the elastic band level (B + 4 cm) for the sock. Results GCS interface pressure was 13.3 ± 2.5 mmHg in B and 18.1 ± 2.4 mmHg in B + 4 cm. The sock interface pressure was 3.1 ± 0.7 mmHg in B and 8.1 ± 0.9 mmHg at the band level (B + 4 cm). Socks led to a significant total volume increase (117.3 ± 25.8 mL; 5.2% ±1.1%; P < 0.0001). GCS led to a non-significant total volume decrease (–3.1 ± 14.4 mL; –0.1 ± 0.6%; P = 0.3964) and did not allow for volume increase. The different sectors showed a heterogeneous volume variation, not following a precisely graduated or progressive compression profile. Conclusions Leg oedema following a 4-h flight is controlled by <20 mmHg GCS. Leg fluids, with and without GCS, are mobilized in a non-graduated profile from the ankle to the knee after prolonged sitting on a plane.

Download Full-text

WeMPiC protocol to prevent Deep Venous Thrombosis in patients with neurosurgical diseases

Nepal Journal of Neuroscience ◽

10.3126/njn.v17i1.28337 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 10-20

Author(s):

Amit Thapa ◽

Bidur KC ◽

Bikram Shakya ◽

Rupesh Chakradhar

Keyword(s):

Venous Thrombosis ◽

Deep Venous Thrombosis ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Sufficient Evidence ◽

Patient Specific ◽

Compression Stockings ◽

Icu Stay ◽

Compression Ultrasound ◽

Neurosurgical Patients ◽

Graduated Compression Stockings

Background: Deep Venous Thrombosis is a common yet difficult problem to prevent in neurosurgical patients. Recent trials did not find sufficient evidence to support use of graduated compression stockings, however we believe, this inefficiency may be due to the method of application which needs to be modified. We have been following a patient specific mechanical prophylaxis protocol, nicknamed WeMPiC. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of WeMPiC protocol. Methods: An observational cohort study was performed including consecutive patients admitted to neurosurgical ICU who were bedridden for >7 days between April 2014 and September 2017. We developed WeMPiC protocol of early weaning off, early mobilization, limb physiotherapy and alternate two hours on and off application of thigh length graduated compression stockings. Lower limbs compression ultrasound studies were performed on alternate days. Results: One hundred thirty-one patients were included in the study. Mean age of patients was 53.7+ 20.6 years. Of these patients, 52.7% had stroke (91% had hemorrhages), 32.1% had head injury and 7.6% each had spine problem and brain tumor each. five (3.8%) developed deep venous thrombosis on the 4th and 6th day of ICU stay, mainly in popliteal veins (2.3%) and femoral veins (1.5%). Deep venous thrombosis was associated with younger age (47 years, p=0.005), ICU stay (13 days, p=0.014), Wells’ score (4.6, p<0.0001) and Poor Glasgow Coma Score at presentation (9, p=0.004). Power of study calculated for the cohort incidence of 3.8% was 100%. Cost benefit of $336 with WeMPiC protocol was seen as compared to the Low molecular weight heparin prophylaxis over four weeks. Conclusions: Compared to incidence of 12.1% in CLOTS 3 trial among the unexposed patients, we report a risk reduction of 8.3% with WeMPiC protocol which is cost effective and highly applicable in resource constraint scenarios.

Download Full-text

Comparison of 15–20 mmHg versus 20–30 mmHg Compression Stockings in Reducing Occupational Oedema in Standing and Seated Healthy Individuals

International Journal of Vascular Medicine ◽

10.1155/2018/2053985 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Cleusa Ema Quilici Belczak ◽

José Maria Pereira de Godoy ◽

Amélia Cristina Seidel ◽

Sergio Belczak ◽

Rubiana Neves Ramos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

P Value ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Compression Stockings ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Prolonged Sitting ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Working Day

Background. Elastic compression stockings (ECS) are effective in preventing and reducing occupational edema (OE), but the optimal pressure according to the prevalent working position during the day is still controversial. Objective. To compare the effectiveness of ECS with different pressures (15–20 mmHg or 20–30 mmHg) for reducing OE in individuals working in different prolonged postures. Methods. This cross-sectional study comprised 116 lower limbs of 58 individuals divided into three groups according to their prevalent postures over the day (sitting, standing, or combination). Volumetric measurements were taken at the beginning and at the end of three consecutive days. On the first day, individuals did not use compression stockings; on the second and third days, they used, respectively, 15–20 mmHg and 20–30 mmHg knee-length stockings. Differences between morning and evening volumes (measured edema) were calculated, compared, and correlated. Results. Volumetric variations were significantly lower on the second compared to the first day when individuals in all three groups used 15–20 mmHg compression stockings (p-value < 0.001). Measurements were even lower when they used 20–30 mmHg stockings: this decrease was more significant for the sitting (p-value < 0.001) than the standing (p-value < 0.05) and combined groups (p-value < 0.05). Reduction of measured edema was more significant in individuals working in a prolonged seated position. No significant difference was found only on comparing sitting and standing groups after the use of the 15–20 mmHg compression stockings. Conclusions. The use of ECS over a working day reduces OE in prolonged sitting, standing, and combined positions, with the reductions being greater with the higher pressure.

Download Full-text

The impact of symptoms on daily life as perceived by patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1A disease

Neurological Sciences ◽

10.1007/s10072-021-05254-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Stefano Tozza ◽

Dario Bruzzese ◽

Daniele Severi ◽

Emanuele Spina ◽

Rosa Iodice ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Daily Life ◽

Short Form ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Charcot Marie Tooth ◽

Rank Analysis ◽

Sf 36 ◽

Tooth Type ◽

The Impact

Abstract Introduction In Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1A (CMT1A) patients, daily life is mainly influenced by mobility and ambulation dysfunctions. The aim of our work was to evaluate the perception of disturbances that mostly impact on daily life in CMT1A patients and its difference on the basis of age, gender, disability, and quality of life. Methods Forty-one CMT1A patients underwent neurological assessment focused on establishing clinical disability through the Charcot-Marie-Tooth Neuropathy Score (CMTNS) and quality of life through the Short Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaire. We identified from CMT disturbances 5 categories [weakness in lower limbs (WLL), weakness in upper limbs (WUL), skeletal deformities (SD), sensory symptoms (SS), balance (B)] and patients classified the categories from the highest to the lowest impact on daily life (1: highest; 5: lowest). Ranking of the 5 categories, in the overall sample and in the different subgroups (dividing by gender, median of age and disease duration, CMTNS, domains of SF-36), was obtained and differences among subgroups were assessed using a bootstrap approach. Results Rank analysis showed that WLL was the most important disturbance on daily life whereas WUL had the lowest impact. In the older CMT1A group, the most important disturbance on daily life was B that was also the most relevant disturbance in patients with a greater disability. SD influenced daily life in younger patients. SS had less impact on daily life, with the exception of patients with a milder disability. Discussion Our findings demonstrated that the perception of disturbances that mostly impact on CMT1A patients’ daily life changes over the lifetime and with degree of disability.

Download Full-text

Graduated compression stockings for the prevention of postoperative venous thromboembolism in obstetric patients: a best practice implementation project

International Journal of Evidence-Based Healthcare ◽

10.1111/j.1744-1609.2011.00249.x ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 77-81 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Gail Ross-Adjie ◽

Helen McAllister ◽

Sue Bradshaw

Keyword(s):

Venous Thromboembolism ◽

Best Practice ◽

Compression Stockings ◽

Implementation Project ◽

Graduated Compression Stockings ◽

Practice Implementation

Download Full-text

Do graduated compression stockings help to prevent deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism?

Cochrane Clinical Answers ◽

10.1002/cca.2381 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Jane Burch ◽

Sera Tort

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Embolism ◽

Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽

Compression Stockings ◽

Vein Thrombosis ◽

Graduated Compression Stockings ◽

Deep Vein

Download Full-text

Varicose Veins: optimum compression after surgery and sclerotherapy

Journal of The Royal Naval Medical Service ◽

10.1136/jrnms-76-101 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 76 (2) ◽

pp. 101-104

Author(s):

P. J. Shouler ◽

P. C. Runchman

Keyword(s):

Surgical Treatment ◽

Varicose Vein ◽

Varicose Veins ◽

Compression Stocking ◽

Compression Stockings ◽

Varicose Vein Surgery ◽

High Compression ◽

Graduated Compression Stockings ◽

Non Surgical Treatment

SummaryGraduated compression stockings are used in both surgical and non-surgical treatment of varicose veins. In a trial of high versus low compression stockings (40mmHg vs 15mmHg at ankle) after varicose vein surgery, both were equally effective in controlling bruising and thrombophlebitis, but low compression stockings proved to be more comfortable.In a further trial after sclerotherapy, high compression stockings alone produced comparable results to Elastocrepe® bandages with stockings. It is concluded that after varicose vein surgery low compression stockings provide adequate support for the leg and that after sclerotherapy, bandaging is not required if a high compression stocking is used.

Download Full-text