scholarly journals A Synthesis Review of Emissions and Fates for the Coal Oil Point Marine Hydrocarbon Seep Field and California Marine Seepage

Geofluids ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ira Leifer
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Shallow Waters ◽  
Santa Barbara Channel ◽  
Santa Barbara ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Heterogeneity

Anthropogenic oil in the ocean is of great concern due to its potential immediate and long-term impacts on the ecosystem, economy, and society, leading to intense societal efforts to mitigate and reduce inputs. Sources of oil in the ocean (in the order of importance) are natural marine seepage, run-off from anthropogenic sources, and oil spills, yet uncertainty and variability in these budgets are large, particularly for natural seepage, which exhibits large spatial and temporal heterogeneity on local to regional scales. When source inputs are comparable, discriminating impacts is complicated, because petroleum is both a bioavailable, chemosynthetic energy source to the marine ecosystem and a potential toxic stressor depending on concentration, composition, and period of time. This synthesis review investigates the phenomena underlying this complexity and identifies knowledge gaps. Its focus is on the Coal Oil Point (COP) seep field, arguably the best-studied example, of strong natural marine hydrocarbon seepage, located in the nearshore, shallow waters of the Northern Santa Barbara Channel, Southern California, where coastal processes complicate oceanography and meteorology. Many of our understandings of seep processes globally are based on insights learned from studies of the oil and gas emissions from the COP seep field. As one of the largest seep fields in the world, its impacts spread far as oil drifts on the sea surface and subsurface, yet much remains unknown of its impacts.

ANALISA PENCEMARAN LAUT OLEH PTT EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION (PTTEP) AUSTRALASIA TERHADAP LAUT TIMOR INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Paulin Yosephin Marini ◽  
Sherlly Monica Bonsapia ◽  
Johni R.V. Korwa
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Australian Government ◽  
Compensation Mechanisms ◽  
Exploration And Production ◽  
Data Collection Technique ◽  
The Impact

<p><em>This study aims to analyze a blowout from an oil and gas leak owned by PTT Exploration and Production (PTTEP) Australasia in the Montara oil field in the Indonesian Timor Sea, and how to resolve disputes between Australia and Indonesia. A qualitative approach was used in this study, whilst the data collection technique was through library research. The theory of state responsibility, the concept of human security, and the concept of international maritime law are used to analyze disputes between Indonesia and Australia. The study found that the Montara oil spill had not only damaged the marine ecosystem but also polluted Indonesian waters. It also found that although the Australian government had formed a special commission to resolve cases and even used dispersant, it had not satisfied all parties. Several points are summarized. First, the Montara oil spill in Australia is a transnational study because the impact has crossed national borders. Secondly, UNCLOS has a weakness in the settlement of the Montara case because the Convention only provides a description related to ‘Responsibility of Each Country’ and does not specifically arrange material compensation mechanisms to countries that cause sea pollution. Third, the Montara oil spill has caused huge losses for Indonesian seaweed farmers, especially 13 districts in NTT. The recommendations are that the Indonesian government along with the Montara Victim Peoples’ Advocacy Team should continue to follow up the case of oil spills from the Montara platform and continue to fight for compensation to the Australian government and the PTTEP as the responsible party.</em></p>

scholarly journals Methane oxidation in permeable sediments at hydrocarbon seeps in the Santa Barbara Channel, California

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1905-1933 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Treude ◽  
W. Ziebis
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Convective Transport ◽  
Anaerobic Oxidation Of Methane ◽  
Sediment Layer ◽  
Santa Barbara Channel ◽  
Santa Barbara ◽  
Oxidation Of Methane ◽  
Methane Seepage ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract. A shallow-water area in the Santa Barbara Channel (California), known collectively as the Coal Oil Point seep field, is one the largest natural submarine oil and gas emission areas in the world. Both gas and oil are seeping constantly through a predominantly sandy seabed into the ocean. This study focused on the methanotrophic activity within the surface sediments (0–15 cm) of the permeable seabed in the so-called Brian Seep area at a water depth ~10 m. Detailed investigations of biogeochemical parameters in the sediment surrounding active gas vents indicated that methane seepage through the permeable seabed induces a convective transport of fluids within the surface sediment layer, which results in a deeper penetration of oxidants (oxygen, sulfate) into the sediment, as well as in a faster removal of potentially inhibiting reduced end products (e.g. hydrogen sulfide). Methanotrophic activity was often found close to the sediment-water interface, indicating the involvement of aerobic bacteria. However, biogeochemical data suggests that the majority of methane is consumed by anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) coupled to sulfate reduction below the surface layer (>15 cm), where sulfate is still available in high concentrations. This subsurface maximum of AOM activity in permeable sands is in contrast to known deep-sea seep habitats, where upward fluid advection through more fine-grained sediments leads to an accumulation of AOM activity within the top 10 cm of the sediments, because sulfate is rapidly depleted.

A PRO-ACTIVE SPILL RESPONSE TRAINING PROGRAM

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 (1) ◽  
pp. 779-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darryle Waldron
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Santa Barbara Channel ◽  
Santa Barbara ◽  
The Past ◽  
Response Training ◽  
Member Company ◽  
Contingency Plans

ABSTRACT Training is necessary, required by agencies, and cost-effective in dealing with response to oil spills. Clean Seas has for the past 22 years, developed and provided over 10,000 training days to member company personnel as well as contractors and regulatory agencies. The practice of having an annual drill, reviewing the contingency plan, having a cookout, and going back to real work is over. Member companies in the Santa Barbara Channel work in a tightly regulated environment that hasn't noticed the change that other areas felt after the Exxon Valdez. On-the-job training has no place when a spill occurs. A proactive training program has proven to be cost-effective whenever contingency plans have had to be used.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Observations from the Precision Atmospheric Marine Boundary Layer Experiment (PreAMBLE)

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (6) ◽  
pp. 2325-2342 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Rahn ◽  
Thomas R. Parish ◽  
David Leon
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Marine Boundary Layer ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
Temperature Inversion ◽  
Santa Barbara Channel ◽  
Santa Barbara ◽  
Northerly Wind ◽  
Coastal Jet ◽  
Expansion Fan

Abstract Research flights during the Precision Atmospheric Marine Boundary Layer Experiment (PreAMBLE) in Southern California during May–June 2012 focused on three main features found in the nearshore marine boundary layer (MBL): the coastal jet (10 flights), the Catalina eddy (3 flights), and the initiation of a southerly surge (1 flight). Several topics were examined with case studies, but results from individual events may not represent typical conditions. Although these flights do not constitute a long-term set of data, observations from PreAMBLE are used to find common features. Two main topics are addressed: the MBL collapse into the expansion fan, and the subsequent transition into the Santa Barbara Channel (SBC). The midmorning to late afternoon flights occur during moderate to strong northerly wind. Slope of the MBL in the expansion fan varies and wave perturbations can be embedded within the expansion fan. As the cool MBL flow turns into the SBC, it moves underneath a deeper and warmer MBL that originates from the southeast over the warmer ocean. The temperature inversion between the cool and warm MBL erodes toward the east until there is only the inversion between the warm MBL and free troposphere. The dissipation of the lower layer into the SBC observed by the aircraft differs from previous conceptual models that depict a continuous MBL that thins and then deepens again in the SBC, which was inferred from sparse observations and numerical simulations. Only one flight within the SBC detected a hydraulic jump from 100 to 200 m above the surface.

scholarly journals In Situ Burn Testing of Weathered and Emulsified Crude Oils

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Pfützner ◽  
Steven G. Tuttle ◽  
Thomas N. Loegel ◽  
Iwona Leska ◽  
Brian T. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Heat Release Rate ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Ignition Time ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Crude Oils ◽  
Santa Barbara Channel ◽  
Santa Barbara

ABSTRACT This paper investigates the ignitability and effectiveness of burning crude oil spills at sea with respect to the type of oil, weathering time, and seawater emulsion content. In the event of an oil or fuel spill at sea, in situ burning can be a practical method of removing the oil and preventing it from reaching vulnerable coastlines. However, the specific chemistry of the oil and its resulting behavior dictates how well this method works. In order to understand this behavior, Santa Barbara Channel crude oils were tested and burned in combinations of fresh, weathered, and seawater-emulsified at discrete ratios. A cone calorimeter was used to monitor time to ignition, mass loss, heat release rate, and smoke production for laboratory-scale burn tests. Weathering generally increased ignition time, but also changed the miscibility with water; this changed both heat released and burn efficiency. Emulsions with seawater fractions below approximately 20 % were found to improve the heat release rate and burn efficiency compared to oil-only burns; suggesting that some water emulsification can benefit oil burning. The results indicate that a targeted approach to the type of oil and degree of emulsification can expand the window of opportunity for in situ oil burns.

The Belt and Road Initiative: Goals and Challenges

2020 ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Adnan Khalaf i Hammed Al-Badrani ◽  
Hind Ziyad Nafeih
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Power Lines ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Ancient Silk Road ◽  
Main Engine ◽  
The Belt And Road

The Belt and Road Initiative is an initiative to revive the ancient Silk Road, through networks of land and sea roads, oil and gas pipelines, electric power lines, the Internet and airports, to create a model of regional and international cooperation.       It is essentially a long-term development strategy, launched by the Chinese president in 2013 to become the main engine of Chinese domestic policy and foreign diplomacy and within the framework of the soft power strategy, to enhance its position and influence in the world as a peaceful and responsible country.   The study includes identifying the initiative and setting goals for China, as well as the challenges and difficulties that hinder the initiative.

Bathymetry and Acoustic Backscatter: Northern Santa Barbara Channel, Southern California

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pete Dartnell ◽  
David Finlayson ◽  
Jamie Conrad ◽  
Guy Cochrane ◽  
Samuel Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Southern California ◽  
Acoustic Backscatter ◽  
Santa Barbara Channel ◽  
Santa Barbara
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document