scholarly journals Therapeutic Potential of Human Amniotic Epithelial Cells on Injuries and Disorders in the Central Nervous System

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiming Xu ◽  
Jiaofei Zhang ◽  
Kam Sze Tsang ◽  
Hao Yang ◽  
Wei-Qiang Gao
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Amniotic Epithelial Cells ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Human Amniotic Epithelial Cells

Despite recent advances in neurosurgery and pharmaceuticals, contemporary treatments are ineffective in restoring lost neurological functions in patients with injuries and disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). Therefore, novel and effective therapies are urgently needed. Recent studies have indicated that stem cells, including embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), could repair/replace damaged or degenerative neurons and improve functional recovery in both preclinical and clinical trials. However, there are many unanswered questions and unsolved issues regarding stem cell therapy in terms of potency, stability, oncogenicity, immune response, cell sources, and ethics. Currently, human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) derived from the amnion exhibit considerable advantages over other stem cells and have drawn much attention from researchers. hAECs are readily available, pose no ethical concerns, and have little risk of tumorigenicity and immunogenicity. Mounting evidence has shown that hAECs can promote neural cell survival and regeneration, repair affected neurons, and reestablish damaged neural connections. It is suggested that hAECs may be the most promising candidate for cell-based therapy of neurological diseases. In this review, we mainly focus on recent advances and potential applications of hAECs for treating various CNS injuries and neurodegenerative disorders. We also discuss current hurdles and challenges regarding hAEC therapies.

Ablation of Tumor-Derived Stem Cells Transplanted to the Central Nervous System by Genetic Modification of Embryonic Stem Cells with a Suicide Gene

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 1182-1192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juyeon Jung ◽  
Neil R. Hackett ◽  
Robert G. Pergolizzi ◽  
Lorraine Pierre-Destine ◽  
Anja Krause ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Genetic Modification ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Suicide Gene ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Neural differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.P. Stavridis ◽  
A.G. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Differentiation ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cell Replacement ◽  
Quantification Analysis ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Pluripotent embryonic stem cells can give rise to neuroectodermal derivatives in culture. This potential could be harnessed to generate neurons and glia for cell-replacement therapies in the central nervous system and for use in drug discovery. However, current methods of neural differentiation are empirical and relatively innefficient. Here, we review these methodologies and present new tools for quantification, analysis and manipulation of embryonic stem cell neural determination.

scholarly journals Ethanol and Stem Cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Afsaneh Farokhi ◽  
Fatemeh Koohpeima ◽  
Mohammad Javad Mokhtari
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Dental Pulp ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Ethanol Exposure ◽  
Tooth Decay ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Many studies have showed disadvantageous effect of ethanol exposure on stem cells. Ethanol exposure during development leads injury to various types of stem cells including neural stem cells (NSCs), dental pulp stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, embryonic stem cells and etc. Because NSCs play a basic role in the development and maturation of the central nervous system, it is vital to understand the effect of ethanol on NSCs differentiation. Additionally, alcohol misusage appears lead to periodontal disease, tooth decay and mouth wounds that are potentially precancerous. Individuals who abuse alcohol are at high risk of having seriously destroyed teeth, gums and compromised oral health in general. Some of these adverse situations maybe are because of ethanol effects on stem cells. Therefore, here, ethanol effects on the various types of stem cells were reviewed.

scholarly journals Human amniotic epithelial cells as feeder layer to derive and maintain human embryonic stem cells from poor-quality embryos

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 322-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Ávila-González ◽  
Eva Vega-Hernández ◽  
Juan Carlos Regalado-Hernández ◽  
Julio Francisco De la Jara-Díaz ◽  
Irma Lydia García-Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Human Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Feeder Layer ◽  
Amniotic Epithelial Cells ◽  
Human Amniotic Epithelial Cells

Neural Stem Cells to Glial Cells an Important Factor for Brain Injury

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prithiv K R Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Near Future

Stem cells have the capacity to differentiate into any type of cell or organ. Stems cell originate from any part of the body, including the brain. Brain cells or rather neural stem cells have the capacitive advantage of differentiating into the central nervous system leading to the formation of neurons and glial cells. Neural stem cells should have a source by editing DNA, or by mixings chemical enzymes of iPSCs. By this method, a limitless number of neuron stem cells can be obtained. Increase in supply of NSCs help in repairing glial cells which in-turn heal the central nervous system. Generally, brain injuries cause motor and sensory deficits leading to stroke. With all trials from novel therapeutic methods to enhanced rehabilitation time, the economy and quality of life is suppressed. Only PSCs have proven effective for grafting cells into NSCs. Neurons derived from stem cells is the only challenge that limits in-vitro usage in the near future.

scholarly journals Current management of brain metastases

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (04) ◽  
pp. 347-351
Author(s):  
Pedro Tadao Hamamoto Filho ◽  
Vitor César Machado ◽  
Flávio Ramalho Romero ◽  
Luis Gustavo Ducati ◽  
Marco Antônio Zanini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Metastases ◽  
Whole Brain Radiotherapy ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Current Management ◽  
Brain Radiotherapy ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Treatment Surgery

AbstractBrain metastases are the most common tumors within the central nervous system. Recent advances on diagnosis and treatment modalities have allowed for longer survival. In this paper we review the indication of each modality of treatment: surgery, whole brain radiotherapy and stereotactic radiosurgery, as also recent advances on the knowledge of brain metastases biology that may improve the use of medical treatment and chemotherapy.

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