scholarly journals Semi-Transparent Building Integrated Photovoltaic Solar Glazing: Investigations of Electrical and Optical Performances for Window Applications in Tropical Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Benedicto Joseph ◽  
Baraka Kichonge ◽  
Tatiana Pogrebnaya
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Optical Parameters ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Efficacy Evaluation ◽  
Energy Efficiency Improvement ◽  
Window Applications ◽  
Set Up

Integrating solar PV technology with semi-transparent windows permits multifunctional operation as electricity generation and allowing natural light to enter the building, hence overall energy efficiency improvement. The performance of the semi-transparent building integrated PV glazing on office building facade has been investigated in Tanzania’s tropical climate. Experimental measurements of the electrical and optical parameters for the system efficacy evaluation were done at various conditions which included cloudy, normal, and clear sky days. The weather parameters under consideration were solar irradiance, air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed. The experimental set-up consisted of building integrated silicon mono crystalline semi-transparent PV module rated at 50 W and accessories. The I-V and P-V curves were measured at different irradiances. Throughout the experiment, the observed module temperature was between 20°C and 51°C and the air temperature was 17–33°C while the humidity was recorded at the range of 23–63%. Module electrical efficiency was observed to vary from 4% to 9% while the visible light transmission was obtained between 11% and 19%. It was proved that at high temperature regardless of irradiance increase, there were observed output power and efficiency drops caused by high heat losses.

scholarly journals Exploring Opportunities and Challenges of Solar PV Power under Carbon Peak Scenario in China: A PEST Analysis

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3061
Author(s):  
Hengtian Wang ◽  
Xiaolong Yang ◽  
Xinxin Xu ◽  
Liu Fei
Keyword(s):  
Solar Pv ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Industry Chain ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Excessive Consumption ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Installed Capacity ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Carbon Peak

China has experienced rapid social and economic development in the past 40 years. However, excessive consumption of fossil fuel energy has caused an energy shortage and led to severe environmental pollution. To achieve sustainable development, China is striving to transform its growth mode. Adopting renewable energy (RE) including solar photovoltaic (PV) power is an effective measure. How to promote the further development of solar PV power under the scenario of China’s aspirational target of carbon peak by 2030 and 20% RE ratio in the energy mix remains a theme that need to be addressed. This paper analyzes the potential opportunities and challenges confronting solar PV power in China. The analysis covers the dimensions of political, economic, social, and technological (PEST). The results revealed a significant prospect for the further deployment of solar PV power in the coming decades. The aggressive estimated installed capacity of solar PV power is expected to reach 80+ GW annually. To successfully achieve the goal of 80+ GW, barriers that hinder the further development of solar PV power have to be eliminated. Suggestions for policymakers include maintaining enforceability and continuity of policies, favorable financial supports, mandatory RE quotas for all parties, and supporting fundamental R&D. Suggestions for the solar PV industry include full utilization of integrated applications, set up an after-sales service network, collaborative innovation among the industry chain, and engaging in storage and hydrogen technology. The findings are greatly beneficial for policymakers and the solar PV industry.

Temperature Distribution of Hot Air Flow in Heating Zone for Drying Application

2014 ◽  
Vol 627 ◽  
pp. 153-157
Author(s):  
Nawadee Srisiriwat ◽  
Chananchai Wutthithanyawat
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Heating Zone ◽  
Velocity Control ◽  
Rectangular Duct ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Set Up

The temperature distribution of hot air flow in heating zone of a rectangular duct has been investigated for drying application. The experimental set-up consists of a heater and a fan to generate the hot air flow in the range of temperature from 40 to 100°C and the range of air velocity between 1.20 and 1.57 m/s. An increase of the heater power supply increases the hot air temperature in the heating zone while an increase of air velocity forced by fan decreases the initial temperature at the same power supply provided to generate the hot air flow. The temperature distribution shows that the hot air temperature after transferring through air duct decreases with an increase of the length of the rectangular duct. These results are very important for the air flow temperature and velocity control strategy to apply for heating zone design in the drying process.

scholarly journals The Induction of Platelet Aggregates in Healthy Subjects by Venousocclusion

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. F. Chamone ◽  
J. Vermylen
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Circulating Platelet Aggregates ◽  
Platelet Aggregates ◽  
Set Up

Circulating platelet aggregates have been observed in various clinical conditions (Wu and Hoak, Lancet, 1974, ii, 924). Using a slightly modified method, we have found that platelet aggregates can be induced in vivo in healthy subjects.Nine volunteers (7 males, 2 females, age 23-38 years) were studied. Blood was drawn from an antecubital vein of one arm immediately before and of the other arm after twenty minutes of occlusion midway between systolic and diastolic pressure. The ratio of the platelet count in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) obtained from blood collected on forma lin-EDTA to that from blood collected on EDTA only was 0.934 + 0.028 (mean ± S.E .) before and 0.768 ± 0.033 after occlusion (p < 0.001 ). Spontaneous aggregation in PRP, measured as percent increase in light transmission during 10 minutes of stirring in the a gg re gome ter, was 4 .20 ± 1.17 before and 3 .80 + I .69 after occlusion (p > 0 .1).This system may help elucidate some of the mechanisms involved in the generation of circulating platelet aggregates. It may also constitute a simple set-up for the in vivo evaluation of drugs affecting platelet function.

scholarly journals Dust Removal from Solar PV Modules by Automated Cleaning Systems

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 2923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alghamdi ◽  
Bahaj ◽  
Blunden ◽  
Wu
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Photon Absorption ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Water Jets ◽  
Performance Reduction ◽  
Pv Modules

Dust accumulation on solar photovoltaic (PV) modules reduces light transmission from the outer surfaces to the solar cells reducing photon absorption and thus contributing to performance reduction of PV systems. In regions such as the Middle East where dust is prevalent and rainfall is scarce, remedial measures are needed to reduce such impacts. Currently, various techniques are being employed to address such sand soiling ranging from mechanical (brushing) to active and passive electrical interventions. This research focuses on mechanical approaches encompassing module vibration, air and water jets, and combinations of these. A reconfigurable pilot-scale testbed of 8 kWp PV plant was installed on a carport shading system within the campus of King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The functional PV carport was configured to allow water recovery and re-use within the testbed. Here, we discuss the overall cleaning design philosophy and approach, systems design, and how multiple cleaning configurations can be realised within the overall PV carport. Results indicate that in this location, sand soiling has a significant effect on performance of PV modules on a timescale of days. In addition, water jets optimised for high volume and low pressure were effective at reducing sand soiling with array power output increasing by over 27%, whilst air jets and module vibration were less effective in reducing soiling to an acceptable level. Overall, the testbed has provided a new approach to testing a combination of cleaning solutions in the field coupled with used water recovery. The proposed approach is important, as currently, there are a large number of solar PV projects being built in Saudi Arabia with more being planned for the future.

Meteorological Characteristics of Local Heavy Rainfall in the Fukuoka Plain

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukiko Hisada ◽  
◽  
Yuji Sugihara ◽  
Nobuhiro Matsunaga
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Atmospheric Stability ◽  
Wrf Model ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Upper Atmosphere ◽  
Rain Gauges ◽  
Mountain System ◽  
Sea Wind ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Local Rainfall

Heavy local rainfall has been increasingly observed in urban Fukuoka on fine summer afternoons in recent years. Such rainfall tends to occur suddenly on calm afternoons and is considered to be caused by local wind conditions influenced by local topography rather than by weather fronts or typhoons. This local rainfall is considered to be caused by a mechanism different from similar rainfalls occurring on fine Kanto plain afternoons. We set up 14 rain gauges in urban Fukuoka in this study to clarify and confirm actual local rainfall conditions there. Maximum local rain is about 64 km2lasting 10 to 30 minutes. The maximum 10-minute rainfall was 13.8 mm. The average surface air temperature on days with local rainfall differs 2°–3°C from that on fine days. Upper atmosphere humidity distribution differs greatly between fine days and those with heavy local rain. Accordingly, heavy local rain is more likely to occur if surface air temperature and humidity in upper atmosphere rise above a certain level. Some difference is seen between days of heavy local rainfall and fine day in terms of the K index (KI), a measure of atmospheric stability. We confirmed that the atmospheric state becomes more unstable on days with heavy local rainfall than on fine days. Heavy local rainfall often begins in either the eastern or western inland Fukuoka plain and moves toward the coast. That is, based on numerical simulation using the meteorological mesoscale weather research and forecasting (WRF) model, wind blowing opposite to the sea wind blows in the upper atmosphere, moving cumulonimbus clouds causing heavy local rainfall toward the coast. We also confirmed that heavy local rainfall tends to occur in eastern inland areas with wind from the west, but tends to occur in western areas with wind from the east. We therefore assumed that heavy local rainfall in urban Fukuoka was triggered by updrafts generated when wind struck the inland Fukuoka plain mountain system.

Multiparameter Sensitivity Analysis of Operational Energy Efficiency for Inland River Ships Based on Backpropagation Neural Network Method

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinping Yan ◽  
Xing Sun ◽  
Qizhi Yin
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Variable Parameter ◽  
Energy Efficiency Improvement ◽  
Inland River ◽  
Network Method ◽  
Sensitivity Analysis Method ◽  
Operational Energy ◽  
Set Up

AbstractWith the introduction of energy efficiency operational indicator (EEOI) to inland river ships, a multiparameter sensitivity analysis method was proposed to analyze the parameters affecting the operational energy efficiency of inland river ships. On the basis of experimental data, a model based on a backpropagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN) for predicting the EEOI was set up. The accuracy of this predictive model was verified. On the basis of weights and threshold values of each variable parameter gained in the trained BP-ANN, a Garson algorithm was used for calculating the parameter sensitivity factors. Results showed that, besides the engine speed, the environment conditions would also play a big part in the operational energy efficiency of inland river ships. The conclusion provides a foundation for engaging the energy efficiency improvement strategies for inland river ships.

Wheat Spike Temperature in Relation to Base Temperature for Grain Filling Duration

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pararajasingham ◽  
L. A. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
The Other ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Infrared Thermometer ◽  
Grain Filling Duration ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Wheat Spike

Estimates of the base temperature for grain filling duration of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) differ between outdoor and indoor studies. This study was set up to determine whether this difference could be attributed to variation in spike-air temperature differentials. Spike and/or spikelet temperatures were determined in wheat grown outdoors as well as indoors. Spike temperature, measured with an infrared thermometer, of wheat grown outdoors with adequate water supply was 1.5 °C greater than air temperature while spikelet temperature measured with a thermocouple closely approximated air temperature. In indoor grown wheat, on the other hand, regardless of the magnitude of air temperature, spikelet temperature was found to be 3–4 °C above that of air when lights were on. Estimating the base temperature for grain filling duration with data from a previous indoor study, with compensation for the 3–4 °C increase in spikelet temperature, resulted in 8.8 °C base temperature for grain filling duration, comparable to that obtained in outdoor studies. Differences between outdoor and indoor studies may thus reflect spike-air temperature differentials. Estimation of the base temperature for grain filling with air temperature appears appropriate for outdoor studies. Key words: Triticum aestivum (L.), base temperature, grain filling duration, wheat

scholarly journals The Effect of Plasmonic Nanoparticles and the Thickness of Anode Interface Layer on the Efficiency Enhancement of Organic Solar Cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neda Ahmadi
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Organic Solar Cells ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Fdtd Method ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Interface Layer ◽  
Optical Parameters ◽  
Power Absorption

Abstract We investigate the effect of nanoparticles (NPs) position on the optical parameters of organic solar cells (OSCs). We change the position of NPs inside the anode interface layer (AIL) and active layer and study the role of NPs position in light transmission, power absorption, short-circuit current density (Jsc), and maximum generation rate. We also use silver (Ag) nanoparticles inside the anode interface layer and investigate the optical parameters. Moreover, we study the role of AIL thickness in light transmission and power absorption. We use finite-different timedomain (FDTD) method for all simulations. This study can be useful for new perspectives and light management in organic solar cells.

scholarly journals Optimization of Cryptic Leads from Trace Fluorescent Labeling Screening

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C1155-C1155
Author(s):  
Marc Pusey ◽  
Michelle Morris ◽  
Jorge Barcena ◽  
Qunying Yuan ◽  
Joseph Ng
Keyword(s):  
White Light ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Reactive Dye ◽  
Fluorescent Labeling ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Transmission Microscopy ◽  
Protein Packing ◽  
Screening Experiment ◽  
Titer Tube ◽  
Set Up

We use trace fluorescent labeling (TFL) as a means of rapidly identifying crystals in the screening plate. The method involves the covalent labeling of between 0.1 to 0.2 % of the protein molecules with a fluorescent probe. Our standard labeling process uses the amine reactive dye 5(6)-carboxyrhodamine 6G succinimidyl ester (Invitrogen, C-6157), with reaction conditions (pH) adjusted to label random side chain amines. Previous results had shown that labeling below 1% does not affect the nucleation rate or diffraction data quality. Identification of crystalline outcomes is based on intensity; (labeled) protein packing density is highest in the crystalline form which will fluoresce more brightly than other precipitated forms. We found that there were many outcomes where the fluorescent images had regions of high intensity, but no corresponding crystalline structures were apparent using white light transmission microscopy. Under the governing paradigm, that intensity = structure, we hypothesized that these were likely lead conditions and tested that hypothesis with optimization screening using capillary counter diffusion (CCD). Four CCD experiments are set up for each lead condition experiment having different ratios of the stock screening cocktail components. The capillaries (40 mm long, 0.3, 0.2, or 0.1 mm ID) are filled with protein at 2.5X the sitting drop screening experiment concentration, sealed at one end using soft wax, then inserted open end down into 40 uL of the precipitant solution in a 1.2 mL titer tube (E&K Scientific, cat.# 684510-R), which is then sealed with a stopper (E&K Scientific, cat.# 64108-P). The capillaries can be examined using a microscope through the walls of the tube, using either white light or fluorescence illumination. We are currently finding ~40% of the identified lead conditions yield crystals upon optimization, representing a significant increase in the success rate for the screening experiment.

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