scholarly journals Impact of Rainfall Variability on Crop Production within the Worobong Ecological Area of Fanteakwa District, Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conrad Kyei-Mensah ◽  
Rosina Kyerematen ◽  
Samuel Adu-Acheampong
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Rainfall Pattern ◽  
Rainfall Distribution ◽  
District Office ◽  
Precipitation Concentration Index ◽  
The Face ◽  
Established Relationship

Crop production in the Fanteakwa District is predominantly rainfed, exposing this major livelihood activity to the variability or change in rainfall pattern. The net potential effect of severe changes in rainfall pattern is the disruption in crop production leading to food insecurity, joblessness, and poverty. As a major concern to food production in Ghana, this study seeks to show the relationship between the production of major crops and rainfall distribution pattern in the Worobong Agroecological Area (WAA) relative to food security in the face of climate change. The study analysed the variability in local rainfall data, examining the interseasonal (main and minor) rainfall distribution using the precipitation concentration index (PCI), and determined the pattern, availability of water, and the strength of correlation with crop production in the WAA. Data from the Ghana Meteorological Agency (GMet) spanning a 30-year period and grouped into 3 decades of 10 years each was used. Selected crop data for 1993-2014 was also obtained from the Ministry of Food and Agriculture’s District office and analyzed for trends in crop yield over the period and established relationship between the crop data and the rainfall data. Part of the result revealed that rainfall variability within the major seasons in the 3 groups was lower than the minor seasons. It further showed that yields of three crops have declined over the period. Among the strategies to sustain crop production is to make the findings serve as useful reference to inform discussions and policy on adaptive agricultural production methodologies for the area in the face of changing climate.

scholarly journals Impact of Climate Change on Rainfall Pattern in Upper Kumaon Himalaya Region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Singh ◽  
R. B. Singh ◽  
S. Anand ◽  
A. Mohanty ◽  
S. S. Dash
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Parametric Method ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Rainfall Pattern ◽  
Kumaon Himalaya

Abstract Every single aspect of environment is affected by climate change. Change in rainfall pattern is an immense important research area in climate-change based study. Rainfall pattern has direct impacts on food production and frequencies natural disasters (landslide, cloudburst, flood, drought etc.). Consequently, that appropriate and systemic consideration since it distresses the most of the human life. Situation in Himalayan region is worst. High altitude, less agricultural area, harsh climate with high fragility makes mountain region more vulnerable in term of climate change. The objective of this study is to identify yearly, seasonal, and monthly rainfall trends in the Upper Kumaon region (UKR). Long-term gridded daily rainfall data (1950–2018) were used. Rainfall data was processed and analyzed for a period of 68 years (1950–2018) at four places (four in each Kumaon division) in the surrounding area of Almora, Bageshwar, Pithoragarh, and Champawat. The regression analysis (parametric) method and variability analysis were used to examine historical trends in daily rainfall. The rising and falling trends in rainfall, as well as anomalies, have been studied using regression.The result shows that rainfall demonstrate statistically significant changes occurred in last 34 years. Rainfall variability is higher in low altitude region than high altitude region of Upper Kumaon region.

scholarly journals Performance of Sorghum Varieties under Variable Rainfall in Central Tanzania

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barnabas M. Msongaleli ◽  
S. D. Tumbo ◽  
N. I. Kihupi ◽  
Filbert B. Rwehumbiza
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Rainfall Distribution ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Dry Spells ◽  
Semiarid Areas

Rainfall variability has a significant impact on crop production with manifestations in frequent crop failure in semiarid areas. This study used the parameterized APSIM crop model to investigate how rainfall variability may affect yields of improved sorghum varieties based on long-term historical rainfall and projected climate. Analyses of historical rainfall indicate a mix of nonsignificant and significant trends on the onset, cessation, and length of the growing season. The study confirmed that rainfall variability indeed affects yields of improved sorghum varieties. Further analyses of simulated sorghum yields based on seasonal rainfall distribution indicate the concurrence of lower grain yields with the 10-day dry spells during the cropping season. Simulation results for future sorghum response, however, show that impacts of rainfall variability on sorghum will be overridden by temperature increase. We conclude that, in the event where harms imposed by moisture stress in the study area are not abated, even improved sorghum varieties are likely to perform poorly.

scholarly journals Incomplete Gamma distribution of rainfall for sustainable crop production strategies at Palampur, Himachal Pradesh

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
P. K. SINGH ◽  
L. S. RATHORE ◽  
K. K. SINGH ◽  
A. K. BAXLA ◽  
B. ATHIYAMAN
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Gamma Distribution ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Rainfall Pattern ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Sustainable Crop Production ◽  
Production Strategies ◽  
Dough Stage

The knowledge of rainfall pattern (amount and probability) helps in planning of crops to be grown in a region. Therefore weekly, monthly, seasonal and annual rainfall data for 33 years (1974-2006) for the station Palampur have been collected and its analysis has been attempted.  The annual and monthly rainfall data were analyzed for finding out drought normality and abnormality. The analysis indicated that the rainfall is mainly confined in annual rainfall       2343 mm with 25.7 per cent variability. The standard deviation of annual rainfall is 62.8 mm. Each standard week from 26th to 35th receive a rainfall of more than 100 mm, indicating the crop period. Seed sowing in paddy nursery in the Palampur region generally takes places immediately after initiation of monsoon during 23rd - 25th standard meteorological weeks and transplanting is carried out around 27th or 28th standard meteorological week. The tillering, 50 percent flowering and dough stage are observed during 32-33rd, 37-38th and 40-41st  standard meteorological weeks respectively.

scholarly journals Analysis of spatial variability and temporal trends of rainfall in Amhara region, Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1505-1520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melkamu Meseret Alemu ◽  
Getnet Taye Bawoke
Keyword(s):  
Trend Analysis ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Amhara Region ◽  
Rainfall Distribution ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Precipitation Concentration Index ◽  
Droughts And Floods ◽  
Seasonality Index

Abstract Understanding rainfall distribution in space and time is crucial for sustainable water resource management and agricultural productivity. This study investigated the spatial distribution and temporal trends of rainfall in Amhara region using time series rainfall data of Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS) for the period 1981–2017. Coefficient of variation, standardized anomaly index (SAI), precipitation concentration index (PCI) and seasonality index (SI) were used to evaluate rainfall variability and seasonality. Mann–Kendall's test was also employed for rainfall trend analysis. Results showed that the region has been experiencing variable rainfall events that cause droughts and floods over different years. SAI also witnessed the presence of inter-annual variability of rainfall with negative and positive anomalies in 59.46% and 40.54% of the analyzed years, respectively. PCI and SI results implied that the area had irregular and strong irregular rainfall distribution. Trend analysis results showed an overall increase in the annual and seasonal rainfall (except winter) during the study period. The information obtained from this study could serve as a proxy for rainfall variability and trend in the study area which might be used as input for decision-makers to take appropriate adaptive measures in various agricultural and water resources sectors.

Spatiotemporal trend analysis of rainfall and temperature, and its implications for crop production

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 799-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tesfa Worku ◽  
Deepak Khare ◽  
S. K. Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Seasonal Rainfall ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Precipitation Concentration Index ◽  
Mk Test ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Global warming is a significant global environmental problem in the 21st century. The problem is high in developing countries, particularly sub-Saharan countries in which the majority of the population live on rainfed agriculture. The present study aimed to undertake spatiotemporal analysis of seasonal and annual rainfall and temperature and its implications. The MK test, Sen's slope and precipitation concentration index (PCI) were applied. Finally, Pearson correlation analysis between climatic variables and crop production was analysed. The Mann–Kendall test results showed that the annual and seasonal rainfall trend was highly variable. The minimum and maximum temperatures have increased by 0.8 and 1.1 °C/year, respectively. Based on PCI results, rainfall during the summer and spring seasons is moderately distributed as compared to annual and winter season rainfall. Based on these observations, the rainfall pattern and distribution of the area could be classified as irregular and erratic distribution. Results of correlation analysis between monthly and seasonal rainfall with crop production were insufficient to conclude the impact of rainfall and temperature on crop production. In view of this, the incidence of food shortage is a common occurrence. Therefore, depending on the historical trend of rainfall variability and prolonged temperature increase, appropriate coping and adaptation strategies need to be encouraged.

scholarly journals ASSESSING CLIMATE RISK AND CLIMATE CHANGE USING RAINFALL DATA – A CASE STUDY FROM ZAMBIA

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. STERN ◽  
P. J. M. COOPER
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Markov Chain Model ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dry Spell ◽  
Rainfall Patterns

SUMMARYRainfall variability, both within and between seasons, is reflected in highly variable crop growth and yields in rainfed agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa and results in varying degrees of weather-induced risk associated with a wide range of crop, soil and water management innovations. In addition there is both growing evidence and concern that changes in rainfall patterns associated with global warming may substantively affect the nature of such risk. Eighty-nine years of daily rainfall data from a site in southern Zambia are analysed. The analyses illustrate approaches to assessing the extent of possible trends in rainfall patterns and the calculation of weather-induced risk associated with the inter- and intra-seasonal variability of the rainfall amounts. Trend analyses use monthly rainfall totals and the number of rain days in each month. No simple trends were found. The daily data were then processed to examine important rain dependent aspects of crop production such as the date of the start of the rains and the risk of a long dry spell, both following planting and around flowering. The same approach is used to assess the risk of examples of crop disease in instances when a ‘weather trigger’ for the disease can be specified. A crop water satisfaction index is also used to compare risks from choices of crops with different maturity lengths and cropping strategies. Finally a different approach to the calculations of these risks fits a Markov chain model to the occurrence of rain, with results then derived from this model. The analyses shows the relevance of this latter approach when relatively short daily rainfall records are available and is illustrated through a comparison of the effects of El Niño, La Niña and Ordinary years on rainfall distribution patterns.

scholarly journals Climate Change Impact on Rainfall: How will Threaten Wheat Yield?

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 03001
Author(s):  
K. Tafoughalti ◽  
E.M. El Faleh ◽  
Y. Moujahid ◽  
F. Ouargaga
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Rainfall Distribution ◽  
Precipitation Concentration Index ◽  
Agrarian Economy ◽  
Cumulative Rainfall ◽  
Change Impact

Climate change has a significant impact on the environmental condition of the agricultural region. Meknes has an agrarian economy and wheat production is of paramount importance. As most arable area are under rainfed system, Meknes is one of the sensitive regions to rainfall variability and consequently to climate change. Therefore, the use of changes in rainfall is vital for detecting the influence of climate system on agricultural productivity. This article identifies rainfall temporal variability and its impact on wheat yields. We used monthly rainfall records for three decades and wheat yields records of fifteen years. Rainfall variability is assessed utilizing the precipitation concentration index and the variation coefficient. The association between wheat yields and cumulative rainfall amounts of different scales was calculated based on a regression model. The analysis shown moderate seasonal and irregular annual rainfall distribution. Yields fluctuated from 210 to 4500 Kg/ha with 52% of coefficient of variation. The correlation results shows that wheat yields are strongly correlated with rainfall of the period January to March. This investigation concluded that climate change is altering wheat yield and it is crucial to adept the necessary adaptation to challenge the risk.

scholarly journals Taluka Wise Study of Rainfall Pattern in Nanded District of Marthwada Region (Maharashtra) Using Rainfall Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 333-350
Author(s):  
Ramesh Bethala B. V. Asewar ◽  
M. S. Peneke K. K. Dakhore ◽  
M. G. Jadhav A. M. Khobragade
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Monsoon Period ◽  
Annual Basis ◽  
Rainy Days ◽  
Onset Of Monsoon

About 60 per cent of the total cultivable area of the country is rainfed. However, prolonged dry periods affect the final crop production. Monsoon is an important season for water supplies, from surface reservoir. Uneven distribution of rainfall, affect the agricultural production remarkably. The daily rainfall data was collected for each taluka of Nanded district for the period of 20 years (1998-2017) and it was to be summed up on meteorological weekly, monthly, seasonally, annual basis for each taluka of Nanded district basis for the study of rainfall characterization. The results indicated that weekly mean annual basis total rainfall was ranged between 720.0 mm in Deglur and 1009.9 mm in Mahur. The weekly highest rainfall on annual basis was recorded in Himayat Nagar (53.7 mm) in the 30th MW amongst all the taluka considering monsoon period (23 to 42 MW). The monthly mean rainfall indicated that the lowest and highest monthly mean rainfall amongst all the taluka was observed in Nanded, Kandhar, Loha, Hadgaon, Bhokar, Kinwat, Mahur, Dharmabad, Ardhapur, Naigaon talukas (0.0 mm) in the December month and in the Mahur taluka (283.1 mm) in July month. The seasonal distribution of Nanded district was obtained in winter season (6.1 mm), in summer (15.5 mm), in monsoon (578.3 mm), in post monsoon (216.6 mm). The annual rainfall data is statistical analyzed for Nanded district and within the year and taluka to taluka ranged C.V. (%) were between 25.0 to 46.9 %. The data of taluka-wise annual normal of weather parameter (i.e. rainfall and rainy days) calculated. Here, the results indicated that the onset of monsoon was observed in 23th MW and withdrawal in 43rd MW in Nanded district. It showed that average rainfall of Nanded district is 816.4 mm with 45.0 rainy days per year. The results clearly indicated the onset of monsoon in 23th MW and withdrawal of monsoon in 43rd MW for the Nanded district should be considered. The statistical analysis for rainfall variability was worked out and it was intra-annual as well as intra-taluka variation in Nanded district. It was ranged between 19.0 to 51.0 per cent with annual mean 45.0 rainy days per year.

CORRELATION BETWEEN RAINFALL PATTERN AND OIL PALM PERFORMANCE IN SUMATRA AND BORNEO ISLAND DURING EL NIÑO 2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
Iput Pradiko ◽  
Eko Novandy Ginting ◽  
Nuzul Hijri Darlan ◽  
Winarna Winarna ◽  
Hasril Hasan Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Rainfall Pattern ◽  
Dry Spell ◽  
Male Flowers ◽  
Central South

El Niño 2015 is one of the strongest El Niño. Drought stress due to El Niño could affect oil palm performances. This study was conducted to determine rainfall pattern and oil palm performance in Sumatra and Borneo Island during El Niño 2015. Data employed in this study is monthly rainfall data, Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) January-December 2015, andoil palm performances. Pearson correlation between SOI and rainfall data was used to analyze rainfall pattern, while oil palm performances were observed based on morphological conditions. Result shows that southern part of Sumatra and mostly part of Borneo suffer from more dry spell, dry month, and water deficit such as 37-133 days, 3-5 months, and 349-524 mm respectively. Analysis of rainfall pattern shows that Jambi, South Sumatra, Lampung, Central, South, and East Borneo are significantly (r ≥ +0,60) affected by El Niño 2015. Oil palms in southern part of Sumatra and mostly part of Borneo are suffer from drought stressmarked by the emergence of more than two spear fronds, appearing of many male flowers, malformations on bunches, fronds tend to hanging down, and lower fronds tend to dry.

scholarly journals Modeling Rainfall Variability over Urban Areas: A Case Study for Kuwait

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaber Almedeij
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Reliable Model ◽  
Monthly Total ◽  
Seasonal Basis

This study examines the spatial and temporal variability of monthly total rainfall data obtained from weather stations located in the urban areas of Kuwait. The rainfall data are analyzed by considering statistics on a seasonal basis and by means of periodogram technique to reveal the periods responsible for the variable pattern. The results demonstrate similarity implying that a point estimate of rainfall data can be considered spatially representative over the urban areas of Kuwait. A sinusoidal model triggering the influence of the detected periods is developed accordingly for the time duration from January 1965 to December 2009. The model is capable of describing the rainfall data with some discrepancies between the actual and calculated values resulting from hidden periods that have not been taken into account. This finding suggests that the ability to construct a more reliable model would require a wider range of historical data to detect the other periods affecting the rainfall pattern.

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