scholarly journals Infectious Risk of the Hospital Environment in the Center of Morocco: A Case of Care Unit Surfaces

Scientifica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Samira Jaouhar ◽  
Abdelhakim El Ouali Lalami ◽  
Khadija Ouarrak ◽  
Jawad Bouzid ◽  
Mohammed Maoulouaa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operating Room ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Infectious Risk ◽  
Burn Unit ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Sterilization Service

Background. Equipment and hospital surfaces constitute a microbial reservoir that can contaminate hospital users and thus create an infectious risk. The aim of this work, which was carried out for the first time at a hospital in Meknes (regional hospital in the center of Morocco), is to evaluate the microbiological quality of surfaces and equipment in three potential risk areas (burn unit, operating room, and sterilization service). Methods. This study was carried out over a period of 4 months (February–May 2017). A total of 60 samples were taken by swabbing according to the standard (ISO/DIS 14698-1 (2004)) in an environment of dry area and equipment after biocleaning. Isolation and identification were performed according to conventional bacteriological methods and by microscopic observation for fungi. Results. The study showed that 40% of surface samples were contaminated after biocleaning. The burn unit recorded a percentage of 70% contamination (p value <0.001), 13% for the sterilization service, and 7% for the operating room. 89% of the isolates were identified as Gram-positive bacteria against 11% for fungi (p value <0.001). Bacterial identification showed coagulase-negative staphylococci (32%), Bacillus spp. (16%), Corynebacterium (8%), and oxidase-negative Gram-positive bacillus (40%) while fungal identification showed Aspergillus niger (n = 2) and Aspergillus nidulans (n = 1). Conclusion. To control the infectious risk related to equipment and hospital surfaces, it would be necessary to evaluate the disinfection protocol applied in these units.

scholarly journals Bio contamination of surfaces and medical devices in controlled environment areas at a hospital in Morocco

2021 ◽  
Vol 319 ◽  
pp. 01080
Author(s):  
Samira Jaouhar ◽  
Abdelhakim El Ouali Lalami ◽  
Khadija Ouarrak ◽  
Jawad Bouzid ◽  
Mohammed Maoulouaa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operating Room ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Medical Equipment ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
P Value ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Burn Unit ◽  
Sterilization Service

The hospital environment, especially medical devices and surfaces, represents a secondary reservoir for pathogens. This work aims to evaluate the microbiological quality of surfaces and medical equipment of controlled environment services (burn unit, operating room, and sterilization service) at a hospital in Meknes (center of Morocco). This study was carried out for three months (September-December of 2017). A total of 63 samples were taken by swabbing technique from different surfaces and medical equipment after bio-cleaning. Identification was performed according to conventional bacteriological methods and by microscopic observation for fungi. The study showed that 68% of the surface was contaminated. The operating room recorded a rate of 93% of contamination (p-value <0.01), 83% for sterilization service, and 47% for burn unit. A percentage of 67% of the isolates were identified as Gram-positive bacteria against 32% Gram-negative bacteria (p-value <0.05). Bacterial identification showed Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (45%), Enterobacter cloacae (14%), Micrococcus sp (10%), Klebsiella pneumoniae, peptostreptococcus sp and Pseudomonas fluorescens (7% for each one), Escherichia coli, and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (5% for each one). These results require corrective action represented by rigorous cleaning and disinfection procedures.

scholarly journals In Vitro activity of a Novel Benzoquinolizine Antibiotic, Levonadifloxacin (WCK 771) against Blood Stream Gram-Positive Isolates from a Tertiary Care Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (03) ◽  
pp. 230-232
Author(s):  
Dhruv Mamtora ◽  
Sanjith Saseedharan ◽  
Ritika Rampal ◽  
Prashant Joshi ◽  
Pallavi Bhalekar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Tolerability Profile ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

Abstract Background Blood stream infections (BSIs) due to Gram-positive pathogens such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are associated with high mortality ranging from 10 to 60%. The current anti-MRSA agents have limitations with regards to safety and tolerability profile which limits their prolonged usage. Levonadifloxacin and its oral prodrug alalevonadifloxacin, a novel benzoquinolizine antibiotic, have recently been approved for acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections including diabetic foot infections and concurrent bacteremia in India. Methods The present study assessed the potency of levonadifloxacin, a novel benzoquinolizine antibiotic, against Gram-positive blood stream clinical isolates (n = 31) collected from January to June 2019 at a tertiary care hospital in Mumbai, India. The susceptibility of isolates to antibacterial agents was defined following the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute interpretive criteria (M100 E29). Results High prevalence of MRSA (62.5%), quinolone-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (QRSA) (87.5%), and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MR-CoNS) (82.35%) were observed among bacteremic isolates. Levonadifloxacin demonstrated potent activity against MRSA, QRSA, and MR-CoNS strains with significantly lower minimum inhibitory concentration MIC50/90 values of 0.5/1 mg/L as compared with levofloxacin (8/32 mg/L) and moxifloxacin (2/8 mg/L). Conclusion Potent bactericidal activity coupled with low MICs support usage of levonadifloxacin for the management of BSIs caused by multidrug resistant Gram-positive bacteria.

scholarly journals Nosocomial blood stream infections in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia, Islamic Republic of Iran, 1999-2001

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 478-484
Author(s):  
M. Rahbar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Stream ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Islamic Republic ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Blood Stream Infections ◽  
Skin Contamination ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

Ina 2-year retrospective study, the database of the microbiology laboratory of the Imam Khomeini Hospital was reviewed to identify patients who had nosocomial bacteraemia between 1 May 1999 and 31 May 2001 and identify the pathogen responsible and its resisitance to antibiotics. Of 6492 patients in various wards, 593 [9.1%] had positive blood cultures; 85 of those [14.3%] had signs of potential skin contamination. Gram-positive cocci, including coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and other Gram-positive cocci, accounted for 42.3% of isolates. Gram-negative bacilli were responsible for another 42.3% of isolates; Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the predominant isolate. Patterns of drug resistance varied according to species of bacteria but were generally quite high

scholarly journals Species-Specific Sensitivity of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci to Single Antibiotics and Their Combinations

2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
GRAŻYNA SZYMAŃSKA ◽  
MAGDALENA SZEMRAJ ◽  
ELIGIA M. SZEWCZYK
Keyword(s):  
University Hospital ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Staphylococcus Hominis ◽  
Species Specific

The activity of beta-lactam antibiotics (oxacillin, cloxacillin, cephalotin), vancomycin, gentamicin and rifampicin applied in vitro individually and in combination against 37 nosocomial methicillin-resistant strains of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) was assessed to demonstrate the heterogeneity of this group of bacteria and estimate the chance of the efficacy of such therapy. The strains belonged to four species: Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus cohnii, Staphylococcus hominis. They originated from a hospital environment and from the skin of medical staff of the intensive care unit of a paediatric ward at a university hospital. All strains were methicillin-resistant, according to CLSI standards, but individual strains differed in MIC(ox) values. Susceptibility to other tested antibiotics was also characteristic for the species. The increased susceptibility to antibiotics in combinations, tested by calculating the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index, concerned 26 out of 37 investigated strains and it was a feature of a particular species. Combinations of vancomycin and cephalotin against S. epidermidis and oxacillin with vancomycin were significant, as well as cephalotin and rifampicin in growth inhibition of multiresistant S. haemolyticus strains.

scholarly journals Outbreak of Mupirocin-Resistant Staphylococci in a Hospital in Warsaw, Poland, Due to Plasmid Transmission and Clonal Spread of Several Strains

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 2781-2788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz A. Łe˛ski ◽  
Marek Gniadkowski ◽  
Anna Skoczyńska ◽  
Elz˙bieta Stefaniuk ◽  
Krzysztof Trzciński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Large Hospital ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Clonal Spread ◽  
High Level ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Level Resistance

An outbreak of mupirocin-resistant (MuR) staphylococci was investigated in two wards of a large hospital in Warsaw, Poland. Fifty-three MuR isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus, S. xylosus, and S. capitis were identified over a 17-month survey which was carried out after introduction of the drug for the treatment of skin infections. The isolates were collected from patients with infections, environmental samples, and carriers; they constituted 19.5% of all staphylococcal isolates identified in the two wards during that time. Almost all the MuR isolates were also resistant to methicillin (methicillin-resistant S. aureus and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci). Seven of the outbreak isolates expressed a low-level-resistance phenotype (MuL), whereas the remaining majority of isolates were found to be highly resistant to mupirocin (MuH). The mupA gene, responsible for the MuH phenotype, has been assigned to three different polymorphic loci among the strains in the collection analyzed. The predominant polymorph, polymorph I (characterized by a mupA-containingEcoRI DNA fragment of about 16 kb), was located on a specific plasmid which was widely distributed among the entire staphylococcal population. All MuR S. aureus isolates were found to represent a single epidemic strain, which was clonally disseminated in both wards. The S. epidermidis population was much more diverse; however, at least four clusters of closely related isolates were identified, which suggested that some strains of this species were also clonally spread in the hospital environment. Six isolates of S. epidermidis were demonstrated to express the MuL and MuH resistance mechanisms simultaneously, and this is the first identification of such dual MuR phenotype-bearing strains. The outbreak was attributed to a high level and inappropriate use of mupirocin, and as a result the dermatological formulation of the drug has been removed from the hospital formulary.

scholarly journals THE OCCURRENCE OF BACTERIAL AGENTS CAUSING MASTITIS IN DAIRY SHEEP AND THEIR RESISTANCE TO ANTIBIOTICS

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
František Zigo ◽  
Katarína Veszelits Lakticová ◽  
Mária Vargová M
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Acute Form

Introduction: The aim of this study was to monitor the occurrence of bacterial agents causing mastitis, forms of mastitis and antibiotic resistance in 300 ewes on a farm in Eastern Slovakia. Material and methods: During the milking season, were performed three complex investigations including clinical examination, California Mastitis Test and laboratory analysis of milk samples. The investigations and milk samples were taken in three phases; the beginning (April), the middle (June) and the end (September) of the milking season. Results: Of all the samples (806), 225 (28.0%) were positive for bacterial pathogens. The highest incidence of mastitis (33.3%) was recorded in September, while April (23.8%) and June (25.3%) had lower incidence. The samples from September showed the highest incidence of subclinical mastitis (20.1%), with 13.2% being an acute form of mastitis. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) were identified in 61.7% of the positive samples. Especially, S. chromogenes, S. epidermidis and S. schleiferi were most frequently isolated.  Staphylococcus aureus was the causative agent in 20.0% of the positive samples and caused acute or subclinical mastitis in the affected ewes. The tested bacteria showed very high resistance to novobiocin (59.5%) and penicillin (51.4%) and high resistance to amoxycillin (35.1%). We found that 80% of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria tested for antibiotic resistance were resistant to novobiocin and 70% were resistant to penicillin. Of all tested CNS, 56.5% were resistant to novobiocin, 39.1% to penicillin, and 34.7% to amoxicillin. Conclusion: Proper isolation and identification of the causative organism play a significant role in the prevention and control of the intramammary infection. In our study, a combinations of Streptomycin, Ciprofloxacin and Tetracycline were the most effective antibiotics for the control of mastitis.

scholarly journals PATIENTS' MICROFLORA COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF DIFFERENT DEPARTMENTS AT THE NATIONAL HOSPITAL OF PEDIATRICS IN HANOI, VIETNAM

2019 ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
L.V. Kataeva ◽  
A.P. Rebeshchenko ◽  
T.F. Stepanova ◽  
O.V. Posoiuznykh ◽  
Le Thanh Hai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
National Hospital ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative

We studied the microflora structure and resistance gathered from the biomaterial of patients and the environment objects of various departments at the National hospital of Pediatrics in Hanoi. 140 clinical samples of biomaterials from 74 patients treated in the intensive care unit, the infectious diseases and the gastroenterology departments were studied. A systematic approach including microbiological, epidemiological and statistical research methods was used in carrying out the study. Bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family (38.5 per cent) prevailed in the biomaterial of intensive care unit patients. Nonfermentative Gram-negative bacteria (46.5 per cent) occupied the leading positions in the infectious diseases department and Gram-positive bacteria (39.3 per cent) were in the gastroenterology department. Gram-positive flora (60.2 per cent in the intensive care unit and 50.7 per cent in the infectious diseases department) prevailed in the microflora structure gathered from hospital environment objects. We identified the prevalence of bacteria of the genus Enterobacteriaceae and non-fermentative Gram-negative bacteria with a wide spectrum of resistance in the departments of the National Hospital of Pediatrics.

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