scholarly journals Psychological Effects of Hands-On Training Using Public Transportation among Inpatients with Physical Disabilities: Analysis of the Self-Efficacy and Perception of Occupational Enablement Using a Multimethod Design

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Masahiro Ogawa ◽  
Yoriko Hayashi ◽  
Tatsunori Sawada ◽  
Mizuki Kobashi ◽  
Hitoshi Tanimukai

Introduction. This study is aimed at understanding how practicing the use of public transportation can affect the self-efficacy and perceptions of occupational enablement among patients with physical disabilities in a recovery rehabilitation hospital. Method. We recruited 21 inpatients with physical disabilities caused by stroke or orthopedic diseases from a recovery rehabilitation hospital in Japan and used a multimethod design including an intervention study and a follow-up survey. The intervention study utilized a before-after trial and provided hands-on training in the use of public transportation as the intervention. How self-efficacy and perceptions of occupational enablement changed before and after the intervention was measured using the visual analog scale (VAS). The follow-up survey was conducted to investigate whether patients used public transportation postdischarge. Results. Only differences in the VAS scores regarding self-efficacy were significant between before and after the hands-on training in the use of public transportation, whereas differences regarding the perceptions of occupation enablement were not. Self-efficacy after the intervention was higher than that before the intervention. In the follow-up survey, both VAS scores of the psychological factors were significantly higher in the group that used public transportation postdischarge than in the group that did not. Conclusion. Providing hands-on training in the use of public transportation for inpatients with physical disabilities increased their self-efficacy, indicating that psychological factors should be evaluated to predict their occupational skill improvement and to verify the outcomes of an occupational therapeutic intervention.

Sci ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Syra Madad ◽  
Eleanor Tolf

The purpose of this evaluation was to determine the effect of intensive, interactive training on hospital workers’ preparedness for special pathogen cases by utilizing the Frontline Facility Special Pathogens Training Course created by the Systemwide Special Pathogens Program at New York City Health + Hospitals (NYC H+H). An 8 h course was offered in 2018 and 2019 to healthcare employees throughout the Department of Health and Human Services Region 2, mostly from NYC H+H. Evaluation included multiple-choice pre and post exams, a 26-question survey about level of preparedness before and after the training, and follow-up interviews focused on changes in facility protocols. As a result, 61% of survey respondents indicated that they had never previously attended a hospital-sponsored special pathogen training. After the training, there was a 53.3% report rate of feeling “very prepared,” compared to 14.6% before the training. Additionally, there was an 11% improvement in test scores. Furthermore, 77% of respondents reported that their facility had changed protocols relating to topics of the course after their training date. Survey participants reported general satisfaction with the course, as well as an increased level of preparedness for special pathogen cases. Together, the results of the exams, survey, and interviews suggest that this interactive, mixed-method training increases special pathogen preparedness across different healthcare sectors. With the ongoing threat of special pathogens, the need for continued training and maintaining a state of readiness is paramount in healthcare.


2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian W Li ◽  
James Lam ◽  
Pam Heise ◽  
Robert D Reid ◽  
Kerri A Mullen

<p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Inpatient rehabilitation presents a unique opportunity for smoking interventions, given the typical lengths of stay, the relevance of smoking to the admission diagnosis of many patients, and the occurrence of nicotine withdrawal during the hospital stay.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the feasibility of implementing a pharmacist-led version of the Ottawa Model for Smoking Cessation (OMSC) program at a rehabilitation hospital, using the indicators of reach, effectiveness, adoption, and implementation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A before-and-after pilot study was conducted. Smoking cessation data were collected from 2 cohorts of eligible smokers identified during 4-month periods before (control) and after (intervention) implementation of the OMSC program. Control participants received usual care (i.e., no cessation intervention). Intervention participants received initial in-hospital smoking cessation support (counselling and nicotine replacement therapy), inpatient follow-up during the hospital stay, and 3 months of postdischarge follow-up calls, with all aspects led by hospital pharmacists.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among all patients admitted to participating inpatient rehabilitation units during the 2 study periods, smoking prevalence was 7.8% (127/1626). After exclusions, deaths, and withdrawals, 111 patients were retained for analysis: 55 in the control group and 56 in the intervention group. The overall mean age of participants was 64.9 (standard deviation [SD] 14.3) years, with a mean smoking history of 35.0 (SD 24.8) pack-years. There were no significant differences between groups in terms of baseline characteristics. Self-reported abstinence rates (determined 3 months after discharge) were higher after compared with before implementation of the OMSC program: for continuous abstinence, 16/56 (28.6%) versus 9/55 (16.4%), <strong>_</strong>2 = 4.462, <em>p </em>= 0.035; for 7-day point prevalence abstinence, 21/56 (37.5%) versus 10/55 (18.2%), <strong>_</strong>2 = 6.807, <em>p </em>= 0.009.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Implementation of the OMSC program at a large rehabilitation hospital was feasible and led to an increase in 3-month smoking abstinence. This study provides preliminary evidence to support inclusion of smoking interventions as part of inpatient rehabilitation care.</p><p><strong>RÉSUMÉ</strong></p><p><strong>Contexte : </strong>La réadaptation des patients hospitalisés représente une occasion unique de procéder à des interventions de désaccoutumance du tabac, notamment en raison de la durée habituelle des séjours, du rapport entre le tabagisme et le diagnostic posé à l’admission, et de la survenue du syndrome de sevrage de la nicotine durant le séjour.</p><p><strong>Objectif : </strong>Étudier la possibilité de mettre en oeuvre une version dirigée par des pharmaciens du programme Modèle d’Ottawa pour l’abandon du tabac (MOAT) dans un centre de réadaptation en employant les indicateurs pour la portée, l’efficacité, l’adoption et la mise en oeuvre.</p><p><strong>Méthodes : </strong>Une étude pilote avant-après a été menée. Des données sur la désaccoutumance ont été recueillies auprès de deux cohortes de fumeurs admissibles qui ont été repérés pendant des périodes de quatre mois avant (groupe témoin) et après (groupe expérimental) la mise en oeuvre du programme du MOAT. Les participants du groupe témoin ont reçu les soins habituels (c.-à-d. sans intervention de désaccoutumance). Les participants du groupe expérimental ont reçu un soutien initial à l’hôpital pour la désaccoutumance du tabac (des conseils et un traitement de remplacement de la nicotine), un suivi pendant le séjour à l’hôpital, et des appels de suivi pendant les trois mois suivant le congé, le tout sous la direction de pharmaciens d’hôpitaux.</p><p><strong>Résultats : </strong>Parmi l’ensemble des patients admis dans les unités de réadaptation participantes au cours des deux périodes de l’étude, la prévalence du tabagisme était de 7,8 % (127/1626). Mis à part les exclusions, les décès et les abandons, 111 patients ont été retenus pour l’analyse : 55 dans le groupe témoin et 56 dans le groupe expérimental. L’âge moyen des participants était de 64,9 (écart-type de 14,3) ans et leur antécédent de tabagisme moyen était de 35,0 (écart-type de 24,8) paquets-années. Aucune différence significative n’a été relevée entre les groupes en ce qui touche aux caractéristiques de base. Les taux d’abstinence autodéclarée (déterminée 3 mois après le congé) étaient plus élevés après la mise en oeuvre du programme du MOAT : pour une abstinence continue, 16/56 (28,6 %) contre 9/55 (16,4 %), <strong>_</strong>2 = 4,462, <em>p </em>= 0,035; pour une abstinence ponctuelle de sept jours consécutifs, 21/56 (37,5 %) contre 10/55 (18,2 %), <strong>_</strong>2 = 6,807, <em>p </em>= 0,009.</p><p><strong>Conclusions : </strong>La mise en oeuvre du programme du MOAT dans un important centre de réadaptation a été possible et a mené à une amélioration de l’abstinence du tabac à trois mois. Cette étude donne des résultats préliminaires en appui à l’inclusion d’interventions de désaccoutumance du tabac aux soins de réadaptation de patients hospitalisés.</p>


2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Felipe Ayusso Correa Sossa ◽  
Inacio Diogo Asaumi ◽  
Alfonso Apostólico Netto ◽  
Rafael Da Rocha Macedo ◽  
Donato Lo Turco ◽  
...  

Objective: To evaluate the results of arthroscopic treatment of various subtalar joint pathologies. Methods: Retrospective study of patients undergoing arthroscopy of the subtalar joint from 2005 to 2013, totaling 10 cases over a mean follow-up of 27.1 months, in which the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scale and pain visual analogue scale (VAS) scores before and after surgery were compared. Results: The preoperative AOFAS scores ranged from 35 to 74, with a mean score of 50.1 points, and the postoperative scores ranged from 82 to 100 points, with a mean score of 90.8 points. When comparing the scores, we observed an average gain of 40.1 points. The mean VAS score for the initial pain assessment was 6.5 points, and the mean postoperative score was 1.4 points. Conclusion: Arthroscopic treatment of the reported subtalar pathologies led to encouraging results, with a significant reduction of pain and improvement of functional status. Level of Evidence IV; Therapeutic Studies; Case Series.


2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ute Vollmer-Conna ◽  
Kevin D. Bird ◽  
Bryan W Yeo ◽  
Philip G. Truskett ◽  
Reginald F. Westbrook ◽  
...  

Objective:This study used a prospective design and the technique of structural modelling to examine the complex interrelations between psychological factors, immune status and complications after major surgery.Methods:Twenty-nine women scheduled for elective cholecystectomy were studied prospectively. Information regarding medical history, health practices, life stressors, and coping strategies was obtained two weeks prior to admission. At this initial meeting, as well as three days after surgery, and at one month follow-up immunological tests were performed and the level of psychological distress was assessed. The study additionally included measures of post-operative complications, and infections and negative effect during follow-up.Results:Pre-operative immune status emerged as a key variable exerting strong effects on subsequent immune function and, thereby producing significant, indirect effects on every recovery variable. Pre-operative distress was directly linked to increased mood disturbance at follow-up. Moreover, distress significantly influenced immune function both before and after surgery, which mediated a significant impact on most recovery variables. Active coping behaviour directly increased the risk of a complicated recovery.Conclusions:The study demonstrated that distress-induced changes in immune functioning have clinical relevance. Overall, the present findings suggest that recovery from surgery is facilitated in patients with a well-functioning immune system, a low-level of pre-operative distress and a passive coping disposition.


2002 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-137
Author(s):  
Lisa J. Gilroy ◽  
Kenneth C. Kirkby ◽  
Brett A. Daniels ◽  
Ross G. Menzies ◽  
Iain M. Montgomery

AbstractForty-five participants diagnosed with specific phobia (spiders) gave ratings of subjective anxiety, self-efficacy and the probability of being bitten or injured by a spider while completing a behavioural avoidance test involving exposure to a live spider. Testing was performed before and after treatment and at a 3-month follow-up. Results indicated that subjective anxiety was a more useful predictor of avoidance behaviour than self-efficacy. Danger expectancies in relation to being bitten and/or injured by a spider were not found to be a significant cognitive symptom in the majority of spider phobia sufferers during the behavioural avoidance test with a live spider. Methodological factors that may account for the low reporting of danger-related cognitions in the present study are discussed.


2018 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. e1-e7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Mihara ◽  
Hisako Hara ◽  
Han Zhou ◽  
Shuichi Tange ◽  
Kazuki Kikuchi ◽  
...  

Background Sometimes, chronic pain in the arm or chest could occur in postmastectomy patients. Although the pathology of the pain is unclear, the involvement of neurological mechanism, cicatricial contracture, or lymphedema is considered. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of lymphaticovenous anastomosis (LVA) in reducing chronic pain in upper limb lymphedema patients. Patients and Methods This prospective study included consecutive 13 patients with upper limb lymphedema who received LVA. Preoperative lymphoscintigraphy and indocyanine green lymphography were performed. Pre- and postoperative pain scale were recorded using the visual analog scale (VAS). The number of cellulitis 1 year before and after LVA were compared. LVA was performed under local anesthesia, using a surgical microscope, and 12–0 nylon suture was used in the anastomosis. Results Two out of 13 patients were excluded from this study, and 11 patients were subjected to this study. All subjects were females with an average age of 64.3 years. The average lymphedema duration was 76.7 months. The average number of LVA sites was 5.7 per limb and the average follow-up period was 10.6 months. The average pre- and postoperative VAS scores were 3.5 and 0.59, respectively; the significant decrease was observed (p = 0.017). Three of the patients who had experienced cellulitis (once, twice, and four times, respectively) did not develop any cellulitis after LVA. Conclusion LVA was shown to be an effective surgical remedy for treating the lymphedema-associated pain of upper limb after breast cancer treatment.


1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
CAROLE PETERSON ◽  
BEULAH JESSO ◽  
ALLYSSA McCABE

Twenty economically disadvantaged preschoolers (mean age 3;7) were randomly assigned to an intervention or a control group, and their mothers' styles of eliciting narratives from their children were assessed before and after intervention. Mothers of intervention children were encouraged to spend more time in narrative conversation, ask more open-ended and context-eliciting questions, and encourage longer narratives through back-channel responses. Children's narrative and vocabulary skills were assessed before and after the year-long intervention and 14 children participated in a follow-up assessment a year later. Narrative measures included the number and length of narratives as well as how decontextualized and informative they were. Intervention children showed significant vocabulary improvement immediately after intervention terminated, and a year later they showed overall improvements in narrative skill. In particular, intervention children produced more context-setting descriptions about where and especially when the described events took place. Such decontextualized language has been emphasized as important for literacy acquisition.


2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 392-404
Author(s):  
Jinsook Kim ◽  
Jennifer A. Gray

Abstract We evaluated the effectiveness of an online training on palliative care knowledge and self-efficacy among staff working with people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) using a one-group pretest-posttest design. Staff from four nonprofit residential and day services organizations in a U.S. Midwestern state participated. Among 132 staff who completed a baseline assessment, a 2-hour online training, and a posttest, 98 staff completed a 1-month follow-up survey. Palliative care knowledge was assessed before and after the training, and palliative care self-efficacy, at baseline and 1-month follow-up. We used linear regression to identify the factors that influence the effect of the training on main outcomes. Overall palliative care knowledge and self-efficacy significantly improved while higher education and longer work tenure enhanced training effectiveness.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Debeer ◽  
Olivia Commeyne ◽  
Ianthe De Cupere ◽  
Dorien Tijskens ◽  
Filip Verhaegen ◽  
...  

Abstract Purpose The aims of this study were to (1) investigate the effect of hydrodilatation in frozen shoulder patients on objective indices of shoulder functionality and subjective outcomes of pain, mobility, kinesiophobia, depression, and anxiety, and (2) progress knowledge about the reciprocal temporal relationship between psychological parameters at baseline and objective and subjective outcomes at 3-month follow-up. Methods We evaluated the clinical and psychological status of 72 patients with a frozen shoulder before and after hydrodilatation, using the Constant Murley score, the Visual Analogue score, the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Shoulder Pain And Disability Index. Results We noted a significant improvement in functionality, pain and disability (p < .001). Depression and anxiety improved significantly (p < .001) between baseline and 3-month follow-up. Prospective analyses demonstrated that psychological factors are more likely to predict outcomes of hydrodilatation than vice versa. Conclusion Hydrodilatation followed by physiotherapy is an excellent way to treat patients with recalcitrant frozen shoulder, resulting in a continuous improvement of ROM and pain. Physiotherapists and physicians should be aware that psychological factors might have an impact on the treatment outcome.


2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (Supl 1) ◽  
pp. 69S
Author(s):  
Luis Paulo Lemos ◽  
Tiago Baumfeld ◽  
Jorge Batista ◽  
Caio Augusto de Souza Nery ◽  
Daniel Baumfeld

Introduction: Fifth metatarsal fractures are among the most common forefoot injuries, especially in young athletes. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the functional outcome of professional soccer players undergoing surgical treatment of Dameron’s zones II and III fifth metatarsal fractures with an intramedullary screw with or without bone graft. Methods: Thirty-four professional soccer players underwent operations from July 2001 to June 2016. All of them underwent an evaluation based on AOFAS and VAS scores before and after surgery, with a mean follow-up of 24 months. The need for grafting was evaluated in relation to the time for surgery. Additionally, the influence of time to surgery, fracture union, Torg’s classification and grafting were related to the time to return to sports. In addition, the player's position, age, complications and side of the lesion were also described. Results: There were 10 forwards, 07 center forwards, 06 full-backs, 05 midfielders, 03 defenders, 02 goalkeepers and 01 central defender, with an average of 19 years; the right side was affected in 44% of cases. The AOFAS average pre and postoperatively was 42 and 99, respectively, while the EVA was 6 and 0. The longer delay to operate, the greater was the need for grafting (p = 1.11%), each day increasing by 1,015 times the need for grafting. The return to activities was not influenced by the time to operate, time to union, Torg’s classification or graft use. Conclusion: Surgical treatment of a proximal fifth metatarsal fracture in professional soccer player presents good clinical outcomes and can be performed safely in these cases, with a low rate of complications.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document