Utilization of Radiographic Imaging for Infant Hydronephrosis over the First 12 Months of Life

Purpose. The workup and surveillance strategies for infant hydronephrosis (HN) vary, although this could be due to grade-dependent differences in imaging intensity. We aimed to describe the frequency of imaging studies for HN within the first year of life, stratified by initial HN grade, within a large regional healthcare system. Study Design and Data Source. Retrospective cohort using Intermountain Healthcare Data Warehouse. Inclusion criteria: (1) birth between 1/1/2005 and 12/31/2013, (2) CPT code for HN, and (3) ultrasound (U/S) confirmed HN within four months of birth. Data Collection. Grade of HN on initial postnatal U/S; number of HN-associated radiologic studies (renal U/Ss, voiding cystourethrograms (VCUGs), and diuretic renal scans); demographic and medical variables. Primary Outcome. Sum of radiologic studies within the first year of life or prior to pyeloplasty. Statistical Analysis. Multivariate poisson regression to analyze association between the primary outcome and the initial HN grade. Results. Of 1,380 subjects (993 males and 387 females), 990 (72%), 230 (17%), and 160 (12%) had mild, moderate, and severe HN, respectively. Compared with those with mild HN, patients with moderate (RR: 1.57; 95% CI: 1.42–1.73) and severe (RR: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.88–2.32) HN had a significantly higher rate of imaging use over 12 months (or prior to surgery) after controlling for potential confounders. Conclusions. In a large regional healthcare system, imaging use for HN is proportional to its initial grade. This suggests that within our system, clinicians treating this condition are using a risk-stratified approach to imaging.

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Teething Symptoms in the First Year of Life and Associated Factors: A Cohort Study

Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry ◽

10.17796/jcpd.34.3.h318882h52616225 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 201-206 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Carlos Alberto Feldens ◽

Italo Medeiros Faraco Junior ◽

Andréia Bertani Ottoni ◽

Eliane Gerson Feldens ◽

Márcia Regina Vítolo

Keyword(s):

Associated Factors ◽

Primary Outcome ◽

First Year ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Self Medication ◽

Nuclear Families ◽

Dental Examination ◽

Pediatric Dentists ◽

One Year ◽

First Year Of Life

Objective: To investigate the occurrence and management of teething symptoms during the first year of life and associated factors. Study design: 500 children were recruited at birth. Research assessments including structured interviews, anthropometric measurements and dental examination were carried out after birth, at 6 months and at one-year of age. The primary outcome of this study was defined as the occurrence of one or more teething symptoms within the first year of life, as reported by the mother. Results: Teething symptoms were reported in 73% of the children analyzed (273/375). The symptoms most frequently reported were irritability (40.5%), fever (38.9%), diarrhoea (36.0%) and itching (33.6%). Dentists had little influence on the management of symptoms and self-medication to relieve them was a common practice. The risk of reporting teething symptoms was higher for children from nuclear families (p=0.040) and for children from families with higher income (p=0.040). Conclusions: Teething symptoms were highly reported in this population. Pediatric dentists should be accessible and provide adequate orientation when symptoms can be managed at home or immediate referral to health services when more serious diseases are suspected.

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Epidemiology of Surgical Procedures, Anesthesia, and Imaging Studies by Gestational Age during the First Year of Life in Medicaid-Insured Infants

The Journal of Pediatrics ◽

10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.10.031 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Andreas H. Taenzer ◽

Reto M. Baertschiger ◽

Cecilia Ganduglia Cazaban ◽

Rebecca E. Evans ◽

Megan Murphy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surgical Procedures ◽

Gestational Age ◽

First Year ◽

Imaging Studies ◽

First Year Of Life

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Respiratory Syncytial Virus Consortium in Europe (RESCEU) Birth Cohort Study: Defining the Burden of Infant Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease in Europe

The Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/infdis/jiaa310 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 222 (Supplement_7) ◽

pp. S606-S612 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Joanne G Wildenbeest ◽

Roy P Zuurbier ◽

Koos Korsten ◽

Marlies A van Houten ◽

Marie N Billard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Primary Outcome ◽

Virus Disease ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Birth Cohort Study ◽

First Year ◽

Healthy Infants ◽

Syncytial Virus ◽

First Year Of Life

Abstract Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes significant morbidity and mortality in infants worldwide. Although prematurity and cardiopulmonary disease are risk factors for severe disease, the majority of infants hospitalized with RSV are previously healthy. Various vaccines and therapeutics are under development and expected to be available in the near future. To inform the use of these new vaccines and therapeutics, it is necessary to determine the burden of RSV disease in Europe. We will prospectively follow-up a birth cohort to obtain incidence data on RSV acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI). Methods Multicenter prospective study of a birth cohort consisting of 10 000 healthy infants, recruited during 3 consecutive years. RSV associated hospitalization in the first year of life will be determined by questionnaires and hospital chart reviews. A nested cohort of 1000 infants will be actively followed. In case of ARTI, a respiratory sample will be collected for RSV molecular diagnosis. Results The primary outcome is the incidence rate of RSV-associated hospitalization in the first year of life. In the active cohort the primary outcome is RSV associated ARTI and MA-ARTI. Conclusions We will provide key information to fill the gaps in knowledge about the burden of RSV disease in healthy infants. Clinical Trials Registration NCT03627572.

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Iraq healthcare system: The first year of covid-19 pandemic

Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Research ◽

10.31579/2768-0487/042 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 01-18

Author(s):

Aamir Jalal Al-Mosawi

Keyword(s):

Healthcare System ◽

Age Groups ◽

First Year ◽

Bed Occupancy ◽

Ministry Of Health ◽

Healthcare Data ◽

National Healthcare ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

The World ◽

System Data

Background: The year 2020 witnessed the rapid spread of covid-19 pandemic in Iraq and in almost all the countries in the world. This spread has created a serious health crises and a public health emergency in Iraq and throughout the world. Throughout the world, healthcare systems have been negatively influenced by the pandemic and experienced unexpected changes. We have previously provided several descriptions of the Iraq health care system from its evolution. However, little is known about the health care system in Iraq during the first year of the coves pandemic. The aim of this paper is provide a description of the healthcare system in Iraq during the year 2020, the first year of covid-19 global pandemic. Materials and methods: The available unpublished and published data about the Iraqi healthcare system during the first year of covid-19 pandemic, the year 2020 were examined. The data included more than 100 relevant unpublished and published information documents including journal articles, books, official reports of the Iraqi Ministry of Planning and Iraqi Ministry of Health. In addition, relevant useful data available at internet web sites were also reviewed. The available relevant data were classified into categories including; demographic data relevant to healthcare, Data related to covid-19 disease in Iraq, data related to the organizational structure of the healthcare system, data related to national healthcare policies including national healthcare mission, vision, strategic goals and plans, data related to healthcare system financing, data about healthcare services delivery, data about the workforce in the Iraq healthcare system, data related to child health and maternal, data about notifiable infectious disease, data about chronic disorders and the main causes of morbidity and mortality, and data about medical education and healthcare education. Many relevant healthcare data for three provinces (The Kurdish provinces in the north of Iraq) of the eighteen provinces in Iraq were not available in English or Arabic. Results: The population of Iraq in 2020 was estimated at 40.150.174 (20.284.823 males and 19.865.351 females). During the year 2020, 595291 cases of covid-19 disease were registered by the Iraqi Ministry of Health. 12813 (2.15%) patients died and 537841 (90.3%) patients experienced recovery. The organizational structure of the Iraq health system, the backbone of the Iraq healthcare system witnessed no important change from the description before covid-19 global pandemic in 2019. The declared mission and vision of the Iraqi Ministry of Health for the year 2020 were the same mission and vision of the Iraqi Ministry of Health that were declared in 2018. In 2020, the Iraqi Ministry of Health declared a strategic plan which included a vision and mission statements for the health information system. The first year of covid-19 pandemic in Iraq was not associated with an important increase in the number of primary healthcare centers. However, there was little increase in the number of governmental hospitals. Surprisingly, the bed occupancy rate of governmental hospitals during the first year of the pandemic was lower than the bed occupancy rate during the two years before the pandemic. The total number of hospitalized patients in 2020 was lower than the previous four years, but the mortality rate per 1000 hospitalized patients was significantly higher in 2020 than the previous four years. Conclusion: Covid-19 disease in Iraq was associated with a significant mortality during the year 2020. It actually changed the previously reported national mortality pattern as covid-19 has become the second most common cause of death in Iraq. Contradictory, to the general belief that mortality associated with covid-19 disease was generally restricted to the older age groups, 117 children under the age of ten years died because of covid-19 disease in 2020. This number of childhood deaths suggests the need to consider vaccination of the younger age groups and to perform the relevant research. Covid-19 disease has emerged as a new notifiable infectious disease in Iraq and throughout the world; therefore, it changed the pattern of notifiable infectious diseases in Iraq.

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Assessment of Thoracic Abnormalities in Premature Infants

Asian Journal of Pediatric Research ◽

10.9734/ajpr/2021/v7i430224 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 63-69

Author(s):

Celina Elias D’souza ◽

Mandar Malawade

Keyword(s):

Premature Infants ◽

Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation ◽

First Year ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Exclusion Criteria ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Physical Examinations ◽

Major Congenital Malformations ◽

First Year Of Life ◽

Shoulder Elevation

Background: There is a large incidence of congenital thoracic abnormalities that manifest as deformities and or defects of anterior chest walls. Thoracic abnormalities in preterm infants may also be associated with malpositioning in the incubator in the presence of respiratory disease and prolonged mechanical ventilation. Immaturity of respiratory and musculoskeletal system need to compromise biomechanical function of thorax. Thus, the purpose of the study is to access the thoracic alteration and the factors associated with its abnormalities in the infants born prematurely. Objective: Assess thoracic alteration in premature infants. Methods: This was an observational study with infants in first year of age, born prematurely with birth weight < 2000g. Exclusion criteria were: major congenital malformations as defined by the centers for disease contol and prevention, grade III/IV intraventricular hemorrhage or preventricular leucomalacia. Physical examinations were performed independently to assess shoulder elevation and thoracic alterations. Results: 34 infants born prematurely were included for the study according to the inclusion criteria from which 20 infants (58.8%) showed thoracic abnormalities and remaining 14 infants (41.1%) were without abnormalities. Conclusion: The prevalence of thoracic abnormalities was high in infants born prematurely, and was associated with pulmonary disease, and may also have compromised the growth rate of these infants during the first year of life.

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Development of Cardiovascular Indices of Acute Pain Responding in Infants: A Systematic Review

Pain Research and Management ◽

10.1155/2016/8458696 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Jordana A. Waxman ◽

Rebecca R. Pillai Riddell ◽

Paula Tablon ◽

Louis A. Schmidt ◽

Angelina Pinhasov

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Research ◽

Hospital Setting ◽

Cardiovascular Responses ◽

First Year ◽

Medical Procedures ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Cardiac Responses ◽

Painful Medical Procedures ◽

First Year Of Life ◽

Mean Heart Rate

Background. Cardiovascular indices of pain are pervasive in the hospital setting. However, no prospective research has examined the development of cardiac responses to acutely painful procedures in the first year of life.Objectives. Our main goal was to synthesize existing evidence regarding the development of cardiovascular responses to acutely painful medical procedures over the first year of life in preterm and term born infants.Methods. A systematic search retrieved 6994 articles to review against inclusion criteria. A total of 41 studies were included in the review.Results. In response to acutely painful procedures, most infants had an increase in mean heart rate (HR) that varied in magnitude both across and within gestational and postnatal ages. Research in the area of HR variability has been inconsistent, limiting conclusions.Conclusions. Longitudinal research is needed to further understand the inherent variability of cardiovascular pain responses across and within gestational and postnatal ages and the causes for the variability.

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The Development of Swallowing Respiratory Coordination

Perspectives on Swallowing and Swallowing Disorders (Dysphagia) ◽

10.1044/sasd18.1.19 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 19-24

Author(s):

Maggie-Lee Huckabee

Keyword(s):

Cortical Activation ◽

First Year ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Nasal Airflow ◽

Single Session ◽

Primary Finding ◽

Patterns Of Behavior ◽

Cortical Modulation ◽

First Year Of Life ◽

Swallowing Apnea

Abstract Research exists that evaluates the mechanics of swallowing respiratory coordination in healthy children and adults as well and individuals with swallowing impairment. The research program summarized in this article represents a systematic examination of swallowing respiratory coordination across the lifespan as a means of behaviorally investigating mechanisms of cortical modulation. Using time-locked recordings of submental surface electromyography, nasal airflow, and thyroid acoustics, three conditions of swallowing were evaluated in 20 adults in a single session and 10 infants in 10 sessions across the first year of life. The three swallowing conditions were selected to represent a continuum of volitional through nonvolitional swallowing control on the basis of a decreasing level of cortical activation. Our primary finding is that, across the lifespan, brainstem control strongly dictates the duration of swallowing apnea and is heavily involved in organizing the integration of swallowing and respiration, even in very early infancy. However, there is evidence that cortical modulation increases across the first 12 months of life to approximate more adult-like patterns of behavior. This modulation influences primarily conditions of volitional swallowing; sleep and naïve swallows appear to not be easily adapted by cortical regulation. Thus, it is attention, not arousal that engages cortical mechanisms.

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