scholarly journals The Role of Control Measures and the Environment in the Transmission Dynamics of Cholera

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Kwasi-Do Ohene Opoku ◽  
Cecilia Afriyie
Keyword(s):  
Basic Education ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Severe Diarrhea ◽  
Educational Campaign

Cholera is an infectious intestinal disease which occurs as a result of poor sanitation and lack of basic education in its transmission. It is characterized by profuse vomiting and severe diarrhea when an individual eats food or drinks water contaminated with the Vibrio cholerae. A dynamic mathematical model that explicitly simulates the transmission mechanism of cholera by taking into account the role of control measures and the environment in the transmission of the disease is developed. The model comprises two populations: the human population and bacteria population. The next-generation method is used to compute the basic reproduction number, R0. Both the disease-free and endemic equilibria are shown to be locally and globally stable for R0 values less than unity and unstable otherwise. Necessary conditions of the optimal control problem were analyzed using Pontryagin’s maximum principle with control measures such as educational campaign and treatment of water bodies used to optimize the objective function. Numerical values of model parameters were estimated using the nonlinear least square method. The model simulations confirm the significant role played by control measures (education and treatment of water bodies) and the bacteria in the environment in the transmission dynamics as well as reducing the spread of cholera.

scholarly journals E-filling dan Relawan Pajak dalam Meningkatkan Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
I Nyoman Darmayasa ◽  
Bagus Putra Wibawa ◽  
Ketut Nurhayanti
Keyword(s):  
Sample Selection ◽  
Tax Compliance ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Partial Least Square Method

AbstractThis research aims to analyze the effect of e-filling application and tax volunteer’s role to individual taxpayer’s compliance. In addition, this research also analyzes the effect of tax volunteer’s role as moderating variable on e-filling application to individual taxpayer’s compliance. This research analyzes primary data from distributed questionnaires to 100 individual taxpayers’ in assistance locations of Tax Volunteer from Politeknik Negeri Bali Tax Center. Sample selection in this research using purposive sampling technique. The testing of research variables was conducted using the Partial Least Square method with SmartPLS 3.0 application. The results showed that e-filling application and tax volunteers role had a positive and significant effect on individual taxpayer’s compliance. While there is no significant effect from the moderation of tax volunteer’s role in e-filling application to individual taxpayer’s compliance. This research has a novelty the role of tax volunteers in improving taxpayer compliance. Furthermore, this research has a practical contribution to the tax authority to increase the role of tax volunteers and to taxpayers on the participation of utilizing tax volunteers to improve compliance.Keywords: E-filling; Individual taxpayer; Tax compliance; Tax volunteerAbstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efek dari penerapan e-filling dan peran relawan pajak terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak orang pribadi. Di samping itu, dilakukan pula pengujian moderasi relawan pajak atas pengaruh penerapan e-filling terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak orang pribadi. Penelitian ini menganalisis data primer dari kuesioner yang disebarkan kepada 100 wajib pajak orang pribadi di lokasi asistensi Relawan Pajak Tax Center Politeknik Negeri Bali. Pemilihan sample pada penelitian ini menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Pengujian variabel penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode Partial Least Square dengan aplikasi SmartPLS 3.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan e-filling dan peran relawan pajak berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak orang pribadi. Sedangkan terdapat pengaruh yang tidak signifikan pada moderasi peran relawan pajak atas penerapan e-filling terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak orang pribadi. Penelitian ini memiliki keterbaruan peran relawan pajak dalam meningkatkan kepatuhan wajib pajak. Penelitian ini memiliki kontribusi praktis pada otoritas pajak untuk meningkatkan peran relawan pajak dan terhadap wajib pajak pada partisipasi memanfaatkan relawan pajak untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan.Kata Kunci: E-filling; Kepatuhan pajak; Relawan pajak; Wajib pajak orang pribadi

Examination of Correlation Between Arousal Level and Auditory Environmental Change Using Rock and Classic Music

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kentaro Miyago ◽  
Kenyu Uehara ◽  
Takashi Saito
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Duffing Oscillator ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Arousal Level ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Eeg Data

Recently, traffic accidents due to drowsy driving, operation mistake in the power plant by drowsiness and decrease arousal in employment during work have been attracted as problems. To avoid such an accident, arousal level could be quantitatively evaluated in real time. We suggested that the one of the parameters of Duffing oscillator parameters is related to the conventional arousal level using the EEG frequency component. However, in this examination, effects on the EEG from visual and active behavior were considered, but those from hearing also need to be investigated. In this paper, we performed the experiment in the musical environment using rock and classic music to investigate the model parameters for effect of the auditory stimulation, and acquired EEG data in Visual cortex and Frontal lobe. The acquired EEG data was used to identify the model parameters, which were identified solving the inverse problem by Least Square method. Results of investigating correlation between conventional arousal revel and model parameter shows a significant correlation in case of the auditory environmental situation. Moreover, Visual cortex is better than Frontal lobe as a measurement point in this evaluation method.

Effect of middle managers’ cultural intelligence on firms’ innovation performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 1015-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarra Berraies
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Cultural Intelligence ◽  
Middle Managers ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Innovation Performance ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of the metacognitive, cognitive, motivational and behavioral dimensions of the middle managers’ cultural intelligence (CQ) on firms’ innovation performance in a context of cultural diversity and the mediating role of knowledge sharing in this relationship. The author deepens the analysis by exploring the moderating role of collaborative climate (CC) on the link between CQ and KS. Design/methodology/approach A survey was conducted on 186 foreign middle managers working in Tunisian firms. The data analysis was performed via the partial least square method. Findings The results revealed that middle managers’ metacognitive CQ has a positive effect on KS, which in turn enhances firms’ innovation performance. In this line, KS partially mediates the relationship between metacogntive CQ and innovation performance. Findings also indicate that CC moderates the link between three dimensions of CQ, namely metacognitive, behavioral and motivational CQs and KS. Originality/value The paper sheds lights on the contribution of middle managers’ CQ and the CC within firms to the KS and innovation performance in a context of cultural diversity. At the best of the author’s knowledge, the links among these variables had not been empirically examined, especially involving samples of middle managers. This study offers important insights for managers by providing them with tools to improve KS and firms’ innovation.

scholarly journals Online Parameter Identification and State of Charge Estimation of Battery Based on Multitimescale Adaptive Double Kalman Filter Algorithm

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Wenxian Duan ◽  
Chuanxue Song ◽  
Yuan Chen ◽  
Feng Xiao ◽  
Silun Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kalman Filter ◽  
Parameter Identification ◽  
Unscented Kalman Filter ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
State Of Charge ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Simulation Results

An accurate state of charge (SOC) can provide effective judgment for the BMS, which is conducive for prolonging battery life and protecting the working state of the entire battery pack. In this study, the first-order RC battery model is used as the research object and two parameter identification methods based on the least square method (RLS) are analyzed and discussed in detail. The simulation results show that the model parameters identified under the Federal Urban Driving Schedule (HPPC) condition are not suitable for the Federal Urban Driving Schedule (FUDS) condition. The parameters of the model are not universal through the HPPC condition. A multitimescale prediction model is also proposed to estimate the SOC of the battery. That is, the extended Kalman filter (EKF) is adopted to update the model parameters and the adaptive unscented Kalman filter (AUKF) is used to predict the battery SOC. The experimental results at different temperatures show that the EKF-AUKF method is superior to other methods. The algorithm is simulated and verified under different initial SOC errors. In the whole FUDS operating condition, the RSME of the SOC is within 1%, and that of the voltage is within 0.01 V. It indicates that the proposed algorithm can obtain accurate estimation results and has strong robustness. Moreover, the simulation results after adding noise errors to the current and voltage values reveal that the algorithm can eliminate the sensor accuracy effect to a certain extent.

scholarly journals Grey power models based on optimization of initial condition and model parameters

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 370-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunchol Jong ◽  
Sifeng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Least Square Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Initial Condition ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
New Information ◽  
Power Models ◽  
Grey Verhulst Model ◽  
Verhulst Model

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose a novel approach to improve prediction accuracy of grey power models including GM(1, 1) and grey Verhulst model. Design/methodology/approach – The modified new models are proposed by optimizing the initial condition and model parameters. The new initial condition consists of the first item and the last item of a sequence generated by applying the first-order accumulative generation operator on the sequence of raw data. Findings – It is shown that the newly modified grey power model is an extension of the previous optimized GM(1, 1) and grey Verhulst model. And the optimized initial condition reflected the principle of new information priority. Practical implications – The result of a numerical example indicates that the modified grey model presented in this paper with better prediction performance. Originality/value – The new initial condition are derived by weighted combination of the first item and the last item. The coefficients of weight obtained by the least square method.

Study on Detection of Epileptic Discharges Based on a Duffing Oscillator Model

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Murakami ◽  
Yasumi Ukida ◽  
Masami Fujii ◽  
Michiyasu Suzuki ◽  
Takashi Saito
Keyword(s):  
Duffing Oscillator ◽  
Time History ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Quantitative Detection ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Appearance Time ◽  
Epileptic Discharges ◽  
History Of ◽  
Electrocorticogram Ecog

In order to establish a quantitative detection method for appearance in epileptic discharges (EDs), we propose using the model parameters in a Duffing oscillator, which is a nonlinear mathematical model. Extracting four frequency bands of delta, theta, alpha and beta waves from the time history of the electrocorticogram (ECoG) obtained from rats with induced EDs, we applied a sweep window to the time history for each band. So as to fit the equation for the Duffing oscillator to the time history of the ECoG, we used the least square method to determine the model parameters expressing characteristics of ECoG. The Duffing oscillator has three kinds of vibrational parameters and four kinds of parameters about the amplitude for the driving force with two predominant frequencies contained in ECoG. In order to examine the appearance time of the EDs and the change of ECoG characteristics, we determined the model parameters for each sweep window. When epilepsy occurs, we found that the amount of the parameters related to “conservation”, “dissipation” and “input quantities” increases. On the other hand, the parameter value corresponding to nonlinearity tends to decrease. It is found that the proposed method by the model parameters of the Duffing oscillator can be used in quantitative detection for EDs.

Effect Factors Analysis of Flow Noise Generation from Perforated Duct Muffler Element

2011 ◽  
Vol 346 ◽  
pp. 204-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Jun Zhao ◽  
Zhao Xiang Deng
Keyword(s):  
Least Square Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Noise Generation ◽  
Effect Factors ◽  
Expansion Chamber ◽  
Flow Noise ◽  
Factors Analysis ◽  
Structure Of Flow ◽  
Relationship Model

Flow noise regeneration from perforated tube muffler element was measured on the self-developing test bench, relationship model on total sound power of flow regeneration noise and structure parameters and work condition was established. Its model parameters were solved making use of hyper static least square method. Using the model effect factors of flow noise generation were discussed. Result shows that the reducing of the perforated diameter and the perforated part length is favor of the reduction of flow noise, and perforated ratio and expansion chamber diameter have less effect on flow noise. After analyzing spectrum structure of flow regeneration noise, it is displayed that with the increase of flow velocity projected peak value frequency has the trend of moving to middle and high, its intensity also becomes stronger, and sound energy in some the frequency accounts for about 60% of the total energy, Strophe number is the range of from 0.2 to 0.35.

scholarly journals Investigating the Role of Environmental Transmission in COVID-19 Dynamics: A Mathematical Model Based Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim M. ELmojtaba ◽  
Fatma Al-Musalhi ◽  
Asma Al-Ghassani ◽  
Nasser Al-Salti
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Equilibrium Points ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Environmental Transmission ◽  
Estimated Parameters ◽  
Existence And Stability

Abstract A mathematical model with environmental transmission has been proposed and analyzed to investigate its role in the transmission dynamics of the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak. Two expressions for the basic reproduction number R0 have been analytically derived using the next generation matrix method. The two expressions composed of a combination of two terms related to human to human and environment to human transmissions. The value of R0 has been calculated using estimated parameters corresponding to two datasets. Sensitivity analysis of the reproduction number to the corresponding model parameters has been carried out. Existence and stability analysis of disease free and endemic equilibrium points have been presented in relation with the obtained expressions of R0. Numerical simulations to demonstrate the effect of some model parameters related to environmental transmission on the disease transmission dynamics have been carried out and the results have been demonstrated graphically.

scholarly journals A Precisely One-Step Registration Methodology for Optical Imagery and LiDAR Data Using Virtual Point Primitives

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 4836
Author(s):  
Chunjing Yao ◽  
Hongchao Ma ◽  
Wenjun Luo ◽  
Haichi Ma
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Transformation Model ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Linear Features ◽  
One Step ◽  
Virtual Point ◽  
Optical Imagery ◽  
Point Data

The registration of optical imagery and 3D Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) point data continues to be a challenge for various applications in photogrammetry and remote sensing. In this paper, the framework employs a new registration primitive called virtual point (VP) that can be generated from the linear features within a LiDAR dataset including straight lines (SL) and curved lines (CL). By using an auxiliary parameter (λ), it is easy to take advantage of the accurate and fast calculation of the one-step registration transformation model. The transformation model parameters and λs can be calculated simultaneously by applying the least square method recursively. In urban areas, there are many buildings with different shapes. Therefore, the boundaries of buildings provide a large number of SL and CL features and selecting properly linear features and transforming into VPs can reduce the errors caused by the semi-discrete random characteristics of the LiDAR points. According to the result shown in the paper, the registration precision can reach the 1~2 pixels level of the optical images.

scholarly journals Marshall-Olkin Generalized Pareto Distribution: Bayesian and Non Bayesian Estimation

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanan Haj AHmad ◽  
Ehab Almetwally
Keyword(s):  
Loss Function ◽  
Bayesian Method ◽  
Pareto Distribution ◽  
Generalized Pareto Distribution ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Type I ◽  
Generalized Pareto

A new generalization of generalized Pareto Distribution is obtained using the generator Marshall-Olkin distribution (1997). The new distribution MOGP is more flexible and can be used to model non-monotonic failure rate functions. MOGP includes six different sub models: Generalized Pareto, Exponential, Uniform, Pareto type I, Marshall-Olkin Pareto and Marshall-Olkin exponential distribution. We consider different estimation procedures for estimating the model parameters, namely: Maximum likelihood estimator, Maximum product spacing, Least square method, weighted least square method and Bayesian Method. The Bayesian Method is considered under quadratic loss function and Linex loss function. Simulation analysis using MCMC technique is performed to compare between the proposed point estimation methods. The usefulness of MOGP is illustrated by means of real data set, which shows that this generalization is better fit than Pareto, GP and MOP distributions.

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