scholarly journals Digital Biomimetic Architecture between Art and Dynamic Structure: Case Study—Wings in Flight

Complexity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Shi-Yen Wu ◽  
Felicia Wagiri ◽  
Yen-Fen Huang ◽  
Shen-Guan Shih
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Structure ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
The Body ◽  
Digital Design ◽  
Body Motion ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Alternative Position ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Dynamic Structures ◽  
Over Time

Architecture as a multirelated field is influenced and connected by many subjects. Among those subjects, the role of art and natural science is the most dominant frame without ignoring the development of advanced technology. By using technology, the impossible becomes possible such as to capture the body motion of humans as the subject of art and science at the same time. Body motion is a potential research of movement over the time. This does not only involve the aesthetic, but also even more the scientific aspect of a dynamic motion of an organism that can be investigated through a biomimetic approach. In order to understand the biomimetic term, we investigated the physical morphogenesis and geometrical principle of an organism. The term morphogenesis is a process in which the natural system produces and regulates the configuration of a material in space and over time. Based on that, we tried to design a dynamic structure using butterfly’s motion as a subject of study with morphological and biomimetic approaches. Butterflies show a simultaneous aspect of movement over time characterized by fragmentation. This idea also summarizes many aspects of modern art such as portrayal of body movements by futurists, space-time continuum, cinematic freeze frame, and time-lapse photography. A futurist represents a movement that is emphasized on the factors of speed, technology, modernisms, and objects. This indicates an alternative position that may be relevant to the system of butterfly wings. This can only be achieved by utilizing a digital design and its parametric tools that help generate functions and form dynamic structures with high complexity and precision. Throughout the development of the system, there will be many changes to the form which will be constantly tested and evaluated using a series of prototype and visual digital design.

scholarly journals Physics of martial arts: Incorporation of angular momentum to model body motion and strikes

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0255670
Author(s):  
Alexis Merk ◽  
Andrew Resnick
Keyword(s):  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Classroom Environment ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
Kinematic Model ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Motion ◽  
Deformable Solid ◽  
Mechanics Model ◽  
Improved Model

We develop a physics-based kinematic model of martial arts movements incorporating rotation and angular momentum, extending prior analyses. Here, our approach is designed for a classroom environment; we begin with a warm-up exercise introducing counter-intuitive aspects of rotational motion before proceeding to a set of model collision problems that are applied to martial arts movements. Finally, we develop a deformable solid-body mechanics model of a martial arts practitioner suitable for an intermediate mechanics course. We provide evidence for our improved model based on calculations from biomechanical data obtained from prior reports as well as time-lapse images of several different kicks. In addition to incorporating angular motion, our model explicitly makes reference to friction between foot and ground as an action-reaction pair, showing that this interaction provides the motive force/torque for nearly all martial arts movements. Moment-of-inertia tensors are developed to describe kicking movements and show that kicks aimed high, towards the head, transfer more momentum to the target than kicks aimed lower, e.g. towards the body.

scholarly journals Water entry of a body which moves in more than six degrees of freedom

2015 ◽  
Vol 471 (2177) ◽  
pp. 20150058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.-M. Scolan ◽  
A. A. Korobkin
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vertical Displacement ◽  
Oblique Impact ◽  
Water Entry ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Motion ◽  
Elliptic Paraboloid ◽  
Over Time

The water entry of a three-dimensional smooth body into initially calm water is examined. The body can move freely in its 6 d.f. and may also change its shape over time. During the early stage of penetration, the shape of the body is approximated by a surface of double curvature and the radii of curvature may vary over time. Hydrodynamic loads are calculated by the Wagner theory. It is shown that the water entry problem with arbitrary kinematics of the body motion, can be reduced to the vertical entry problem with a modified vertical displacement of the body and an elliptic region of contact between the liquid and the body surface. Low pressure occurrence is determined; this occurrence can precede the appearance of cavitation effects. Hydrodynamic forces are analysed for a rigid ellipsoid entering the water with 3 d.f. Experimental results with an oblique impact of elliptic paraboloid confirm the theoretical findings. The theoretical developments are detailed in this paper, while an application of the model is described in electronic supplementary materials.

scholarly journals The prevalence of underweight in 9–10-year-old schoolchildren in Liverpool: 1998–2006

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 953-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynne M Boddy ◽  
Allan F Hackett ◽  
Gareth Stratton
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrum ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fitness Testing ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Substantial Problem ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
The City ◽  
Over Time

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of underweight between 1998 and 2006 in Liverpool schoolchildren aged 9–10 years using recently published underweight cut-off points.Design and settingStature and body mass data collected at the LiverpoolSportsLinx project’s fitness testing sessions were used to calculate BMI.SubjectsData were available on 26 782 (n13 637 boys, 13 145 girls) participants.ResultsOverall underweight declined in boys from 10·3 % in 1998–1999 to 6·9 % in 2005–2006, and all sub-classifications of underweight declined, in particular grade 3 underweight, with the most recent prevalence being 0·1 %. In girls, the prevalence of underweight declined from 10·8 % in 1998–1999 to 7·5 % in 2005–2006. The prevalence of all grades of underweight was higher in girls than in boys. Underweight showed a fluctuating pattern across all grades over time for boys and girls, and overall prevalence in 2005–2006 represents over 200 children across the city.ConclusionsUnderweight may have reduced slightly from baseline, but remains a substantial problem in Liverpool, with the prevalence of overall underweight being relatively similar to the prevalence of obesity. The present study highlights the requirement for policy makers and funders to consider both ends of the body mass spectrum when fixing priorities in child health.

Chaos in body–vortex interactions

2010 ◽  
Vol 466 (2119) ◽  
pp. 1871-1891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Roenby ◽  
Hassan Aref
Keyword(s):  
Body Shape ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Relative Equilibrium ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Point Vortex ◽  
Cylindrical Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Motion ◽  
Single Vortex ◽  
Vortex Interactions

The model of body–vortex interactions, where the fluid flow is planar, ideal and unbounded, and the vortex is a point vortex, is studied. The body may have a constant circulation around it. The governing equations for the general case of a freely moving body of arbitrary shape and mass density and an arbitrary number of point vortices are presented. The case of a body and a single vortex is then investigated numerically in detail. In this paper, the body is a homogeneous, elliptical cylinder. For large body–vortex separations, the system behaves much like a vortex pair regardless of body shape. The case of a circle is integrable. As the body is made slightly elliptic, a chaotic region grows from an unstable relative equilibrium of the circle-vortex case. The case of a cylindrical body of any shape moving in fluid otherwise at rest is also integrable. A second transition to chaos arises from the limit between rocking and tumbling motion of the body known in this case. In both instances, the chaos may be detected both in the body motion and in the vortex motion. The effect of increasing body mass at a fixed body shape is to damp the chaos.

scholarly journals Detection of Acetaminophen and Its Glucuronide in Fingerprint by SALDI Mass Spectrometry Using Zeolite and Study of Time-Dependent Changes in Detected Ion Amount

Analytica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 66-75
Author(s):  
Toshiki Horikoshi ◽  
Chihiro Kitaoka ◽  
Yosuke Fujii ◽  
Takashi Asano ◽  
Jiawei Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Laser Desorption ◽  
The Body ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Laser Desorption Ionization ◽  
Fingerprint Analysis ◽  
Desorption Ionization ◽  
Acid Conjugate ◽  
Over Time

The ingredients of an antipyretic (acetaminophen, AAP) and their metabolites excreted into fingerprint were detected by surface-assisted laser desorption ionization (SALDI) mass spectrometry using zeolite. In the fingerprint taken 4 h after AAP ingestion, not only AAP but also the glucuronic acid conjugate of AAP (GAAP), caffeine (Caf), ethenzamide (Eth), salicylamide (Sala; a metabolite of Eth), and urea were detected. Fingerprints were collected over time to determine how the amounts of AAP and its metabolite changed with time, and the time dependence of the peak intensities of protonated AAP and GAAP was measured. It was found that the increase of [GAAP+H]+ peak started later than that of [AAP+H]+ peak, reflecting the metabolism of AAP. Both AAP and GAAP reached maximum concentrations approximately 3 h after ingestion, and were excreted from the body with a half-life of approximately 3.3 h. In addition, fingerprint preservation was confirmed by optical microscopy, and fingerprint shape was retained even after laser irradiation of the fingerprint. Our method may be used in fingerprint analysis.

scholarly journals Visual4DTracker: a tool to interact with 3D + t image stacks

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ermanno Cordelli ◽  
Paolo Soda ◽  
Giulio Iannello
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Data ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Temporal Data ◽  
Image Stack ◽  
Biological Phenomena ◽  
Insulin Granules ◽  
Matlab Package ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Drosophila Cells ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Biological phenomena usually evolves over time and recent advances in high-throughput microscopy have made possible to collect multiple 3D images over time, generating $$3D+t$$ 3 D + t (or 4D) datasets. To extract useful information there is the need to extract spatial and temporal data on the particles that are in the images, but particle tracking and feature extraction need some kind of assistance. Results This manuscript introduces our new freely downloadable toolbox, the Visual4DTracker. It is a MATLAB package implementing several useful functionalities to navigate, analyse and proof-read the track of each particle detected in any $$3D+t$$ 3 D + t stack. Furthermore, it allows users to proof-read and to evaluate the traces with respect to a given gold standard. The Visual4DTracker toolbox permits the users to visualize and save all the generated results through a user-friendly graphical user interface. This tool has been successfully used in three applicative examples. The first processes synthetic data to show all the software functionalities. The second shows how to process a 4D image stack showing the time-lapse growth of Drosophila cells in an embryo. The third example presents the quantitative analysis of insulin granules in living beta-cells, showing that such particles have two main dynamics that coexist inside the cells. Conclusions Visual4DTracker is a software package for MATLAB to visualize, handle and manually track $$3D+t$$ 3 D + t stacks of microscopy images containing objects such cells, granules, etc.. With its unique set of functions, it remarkably permits the user to analyze and proof-read 4D data in a friendly 3D fashion. The tool is freely available at https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/19AEn0TqP-2B8Z10kOavEAopTUxsKUV73?usp=sharing

scholarly journals Self-rechargeable cardiac pacemaker system with triboelectric nanogenerators

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanjun Ryu ◽  
Hyun-moon Park ◽  
Moo-Kang Kim ◽  
Bosung Kim ◽  
Hyoun Seok Myoung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Cardiac Pacemaker ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Motion ◽  
Triboelectric Nanogenerator ◽  
Implantable Medical Devices ◽  
Energy Harvesters

AbstractSelf-powered implantable devices have the potential to extend device operation time inside the body and reduce the necessity for high-risk repeated surgery. Without the technological innovation of in vivo energy harvesters driven by biomechanical energy, energy harvesters are insufficient and inconvenient to power titanium-packaged implantable medical devices. Here, we report on a commercial coin battery-sized high-performance inertia-driven triboelectric nanogenerator (I-TENG) based on body motion and gravity. We demonstrate that the enclosed five-stacked I-TENG converts mechanical energy into electricity at 4.9 μW/cm3 (root-mean-square output). In a preclinical test, we show that the device successfully harvests energy using real-time output voltage data monitored via Bluetooth and demonstrate the ability to charge a lithium-ion battery. Furthermore, we successfully integrate a cardiac pacemaker with the I-TENG, and confirm the ventricle pacing and sensing operation mode of the self-rechargeable cardiac pacemaker system. This proof-of-concept device may lead to the development of new self-rechargeable implantable medical devices.

scholarly journals Module to Support Real-Time Microscopic Imaging of Living Organisms on Ground-Based Microgravity Analogs

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 3122
Author(s):  
Srujana Neelam ◽  
Audrey Lee ◽  
Michael A. Lane ◽  
Ceasar Udave ◽  
Howard G. Levine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Simulated Microgravity ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Moving Frames ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Microgravity Simulation ◽  
Division Cell ◽  
Over Time

Since opportunities for spaceflight experiments are scarce, ground-based microgravity simulation devices (MSDs) offer accessible and economical alternatives for gravitational biology studies. Among the MSDs, the random positioning machine (RPM) provides simulated microgravity conditions on the ground by randomizing rotating biological samples in two axes to distribute the Earth’s gravity vector in all directions over time. Real-time microscopy and image acquisition during microgravity simulation are of particular interest to enable the study of how basic cell functions, such as division, migration, and proliferation, progress under altered gravity conditions. However, these capabilities have been difficult to implement due to the constantly moving frames of the RPM as well as mechanical noise. Therefore, we developed an image acquisition module that can be mounted on an RPM to capture live images over time while the specimen is in the simulated microgravity (SMG) environment. This module integrates a digital microscope with a magnification range of 20× to 700×, a high-speed data transmission adaptor for the wireless streaming of time-lapse images, and a backlight illuminator to view the sample under brightfield and darkfield modes. With this module, we successfully demonstrated the real-time imaging of human cells cultured on an RPM in brightfield, lasting up to 80 h, and also visualized them in green fluorescent channel. This module was successful in monitoring cell morphology and in quantifying the rate of cell division, cell migration, and wound healing in SMG. It can be easily modified to study the response of other biological specimens to SMG.

A Parametric Study of Low-Frequency Damping of Mooring System

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minglu Chen ◽  
Shan Huang ◽  
Nigel Baltrop ◽  
Ji Chunyan ◽  
Liangbi Li
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Motion ◽  
Mooring Line ◽  
Offshore Structure ◽  
Frequency Oscillation ◽  
Low Frequency Oscillation ◽  
Line System ◽  
Irregular Wave

Mooring line damping plays an important role to the body motion of moored floating platforms. Meanwhile, it can also make contributions to optimize the mooring line system. Accurate assessment of mooring line damping is thus an essential issue for offshore structure design. However, it is difficult to determine the mooring line damping based on theoretical methods. This study considers the parameters which have impact on mooring-induced damping. In the paper, applying Morison formula to calculate the drag and initial force on the mooring line, its dynamic response is computed in the time domain. The energy dissipation of the mooring line due to the viscosity was used to calculate mooring-induced damping. A mooring line is performed with low-frequency oscillation only, the low-frequency oscillation superimposed with regular and irregular wave-frequency motions. In addition, the influences of current velocity, mooring line pretension and different water depths are taken into account.

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